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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
STEEL CONSTRUCTION

The erection of structural steelwork consists of the assembly of steel components

into a frame on site. The processes involve lifting and placing components into position,
then connecting them together. Generally, this is achieved through bolting but
sometimes site welding is used. The assembled frame needs to be aligned before
bolting up is completed, and the structure handed over to the principal contractor.

STEEL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OVERVIEW

1. Preplanning and Fabrication-At an early stage, the general contractor and the
steel supplier work together to discuss project site constraints. In addition, they
determine the steel erection sequence, i.e. the order in which a zone or section of
the structural steel frame is delivered and erected to improve the efficiency of
loading, delivery, unloading and erection. Based on the requirement of the general
contractor master schedule and the fabricator load schedule, the steel factory
generates the fabrication and shipping schedule.

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2. Shipment and Unloading- Due to space limitation, the fabricated steel members
can not be immediately shipped to the construction site, but are stored in storage
pending erection sequence. Upon delivery to the jobsite, receiving and unloading of
materials should take place as near as possible to the place of erection. The lay-
down area should be clean and leveled. A 3-ton forklift truck is ideal for unloading,
but a mobile crane is equally suitable. After unloading, the steel pieces are
organized in such a manner to erect the structural components efficiently.
3. Steel Erection- The major components of the structural system are comprised of
rigid frame, columns and rafter, eave struts, purlins, girts, flange braces, end-wall
columns, bracing systems such as cables, rods, angles or portals. All materials for
the first bay erection are prepared. The rafter sections required are identified by part
number, and then assembled as close as possible to their lifting positions. Then the
first four columns are erected at the braced bay, meanwhile the part number and
orientation, and position over anchor bolts were verified.

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SOURCE: http://www.understandconstruction.com/steel-frame-structures.html

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PILE FOUNDATION
Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender,
columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes
timber.Pile foundations are principally used to transfer the loads from superstructures,
through weak, compressible strata or water onto stronger, more compact, less
compressible and stiffer soil or rock at depth, increasing the effective size of a
foundation and resisting horizontal loads. They are typically used for large structures,
and in situations where soil is not suitable to prevent excessive settlement.

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STEEL CONSTRUCTIONCOLUMNS
The foundation is the most important part of a prefab steel building and the part
that can cause the most problems in the building over time. Leaky basements, unsettled
or shifting walls and eventual structural damage can come from a poorly laid foundation.

Pour the concrete evenly making sure the aggregates have not settled towards
the bottom of the mix and that all reinforcing steel bars have been fully covered and that
there are no voids or air-bubbles. Liquid concrete is rarely allowed to sit still. While
waiting to be poured, concrete should be kept churning in the rotating drum. On
professional construction sites, concrete is often vibrated by an electric or pneumonic
vibrator, while being transported from drum to foundation.

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STEEL CONSTRUCTION FLOORING DETAILS

STEEL PROFILLED SHEETING WELDED WIRE REINFORCING MESH

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STEEL BEAM CONNECTION

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
The major electrical source of the proposal is the Peninsula Electric Cooperative,
Inc. their mission is, to contribute significantly to the progress of Bataan by providing
adequate, affordable and high quality electric service.

BACK-UP POWER SUPPLY PER ZONING

A machine that converts one form of energy into another, especially mechanical
energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into sound, as an
acoustic generator.

Diesel standby generators cost less to maintain than natural gas models due to a
variety of factors, including the absence of a spark ignition system. They are considered
more rugged and reliable in very harsh conditions and have longer operating lives. They
also will perform with less frequent service intervals. Depending on the size and
operating speed of the engine, a diesel backup generator may run for three times as
long as its natural gas counterpart before requiring servicing.

Standby 2228
Frequency 60 Hz
Phase Three
Voltage 277/480 - 3�
Amps rated at 3353A @ 480V
Engine Make MTU Detroit
Engine Model 16V 4000 G83
Dimensions Open TBA" x TBA" x TBA"
Dimensions Lv1 480.0" X 96.0" X 163.0"
Weight Open 30,611 lbs
Weight Lv1 55,000 lbs
Fuel Consumption 160.9 US gallons/hour
Noise Open TBA
Noise Lv1 86 dBA @ 23 ft.

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SOLAR ENERGY FOR INDOOR AND OUTDOOR POST LIGHTS

Solar power is arguably the cleanest, most reliable form of renewable energy
available, and it can be used in several forms to help power your home or business.
Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) panels convert the sun's rays into electricity by exciting
electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light from the sun.

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How much energy needs to be stored in a battery?

For our 16 W light bulb, the solar energy needs to be stored in a battery for use
when the sun goes down. Battery capacity is measured in Amp Hours (i.e. 20 AH) and most
batteries run at 12 V (48 V batteries are just four 12 V batteries connected in a row).

A 20 AH battery will output the following power:

20 AH x 12 V = 240 WH
[current (A) x Voltage (V) = Watts (W)]

This 240 WH capacity can be used in different ways that always add up to 240 WH such as:
240 W for 1 hour or
120 W for 2 hours or
60 W for 3 hours.

How long will this be able to run the 16 W light bulb? Taking into account the loss of energy
through the DC/AC inverter (96% efficient), this battery could run a 16 W light bulb for:
[ 240 WH / (0.016 kWH * (1000 W / 1 kWH)) ] * 96% = 14.4 hours

How much energy will a solar panel generate?

The power rating on solar panels is listed in Watts and gives the maximum amount of
power a solar panel will generate in bright sunlight. To calculate the amount of power it can
supply to the battery, we multiply:

(the rated power of the solar panel)

x
(the number of hours of direct sunlight)
x
(an estimated percentage of time it will receive direct sunlight (no clouds))
x
(the efficiency of the charge controller)

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MECHANICAL SYSTEM
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING FOR LARGE SPACE

Central air conditioning is used for cooling big buildings, houses, offices, entire
hotels, gyms, movie theaters, factories etc. If the whole building is to be air conditioned,
HVAC engineers find that putting individual units in each of the rooms is very expensive
making this a better option. A central air conditioning system is comprised of a huge
compressor that has the capacity to produce hundreds of tons of air conditioning.
Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries etc is usually only feasible with central
conditioning units.

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SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER FOR OFFICE’S AND SMALL ROOM
The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor
unit. The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor,
condenser and expansion valve. The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling
coil and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the
room. Further, present day split units have aesthetic appeal and do not take up as much
space as a window unit. A split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.

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ELECTROSTATIC PURIFIER FOR TRANSPORT HUB
For heavy grease, smoke, odors, and wood-fired grills. Units are factory
assembled with four customer specified sections to meet the application requirements:
The 75’s electrostatic cell utilizes a regularly spaced series of aluminum plates, every
other one of which carries 5000 volts of D.C. power with the alternating plates charged
to 11,000 volts D.C. Includes automatic wash system for ESP section, high-efficiency
safety filter, odor control and system exhaust fan. This unit is recommended for heavy
duty applications and requires far less maintennce than non-waterwash or filtered air
purification units.

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“MUZO” NOISE BLOCKING TECHNOLOGY FOR OFFICE’S

Muzo is the first acoustic device that applies Anti-Vibration Technology for
smooth surface. This Exclusive Technology prevents objects from vibrating to minimize
any unwanted disturbances nearby. Besides, Muzo utilizes Billionsound Technology
(Powered by BST) to generate dynamic realistic sounds. These vivid sounds set the
scene and drown out intrusive noises. Whether you wish to enjoy a piece of serenity or
to become engulfed in the tranquil sounds of nature, Muzo will be there for you.

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ESCALATOR

An escalator is a type of vertical transportation in the form of a moving staircase

which carries people between floors of a building. It consists of a motor-driven chain of
individually linked steps on a track which cycle on a pair of tracks which keep them
horizontal. Escalators are used around the world in places where elevators would be
impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls,
airports, transit systems (railway/railroad stations), convention centers, hotels, arenas,
stadiums and public buildings.

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ELEVATOR

Hydraulic elevators are supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that
pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the
piston. The elevator descends as a valve releases the fluid from the piston. They are
used for low-rise applications of 2-8 stories and travel at a maximum speed of 200 feet
per minute. The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level
adjacent to the elevator shaft.

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FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
FIRE DETECTION AND SIGNALING DEVICES

1. flashing lights are manually activated by a switch.

2. To avoid accidental operation o f t he switc h, t he station is usually designe d so
t hat a person must break a glass panel or glass rod or must perform other
preliminary actions before the alarm can be operated

Thermal Detectors
Thermal detectors are temperature-activated sensors to initiate an alarm.

1. Rate-of-rise (ROR) type: This sensor reacts to the rate at which the temperature
rises. It contains a sealed but slightly vented air chamber which expands quickly
when the temperature.

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SMOKE DETECTORS

IONIZATION TYPE

This type operates on the principle of changing conductivity of air within the
detectorchamber. The ionization detector uses a small amount of radioactive material to
make the air within a sensing chamber conduct electricity. When smoke particles or
combustion gases enter the sensing chamber they interfere with the conduction of
electricity, reducing the current and triggering an alarm. The ionization detector can
detect even invisible combustion gases produced by an open flame and will therefore
respond slightly faster to an open flame fire than a photo-electric detector.

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FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

Fire alarm systems are an integral part of a fire protection plan. They are
basically electrical systems that are specially designed to announce the presence of fire
or smoke. They are not intended to suppressor extinguish a fire.

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Portable fire extinguishers apply an extinguishing agent that will either cool
burning fuel, displace or remove oxygen, or stop the chemical reaction so a fire cannot
continue to burn. When the handle of an extinguisher is compressed, agent is expelled
out the nozzle.

STAND PIPE-AND HOSE SYSTEMS

Standpipe systems are a series of pipe which connect a water supply to hose
connections, basically an extension of the fire hydrant system. They are designed to
provide a pre-piped water system for building occupants or the fire department.

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AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Automatic sprinkler systems are integrated fire suppression systems

consisting of a water supply and a network of pipes, sprinkler heads, and other
components to provide automatic fire suppression in areas of a building.

The major component of an automatic sprinkler system is the sprinkler, which

discharge water in specific pattern for extinguishing or controlling a fire.

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SANITARY SYSTEMS
WATER SUPPLY
The main water source of the propopsal, is the MARIWAD “Mariveles water
district. Located in National Rd., San Isidro 2105 Mariveles, Bataan. To provide the
highest level of water service at the lowest cost to the Mariveles consumers and to
enhance the quality of life through a convenient living by providing an efficient,
responsive and abundant supply of clean and potable water.

LOW-PRESSURE SEWER SYSTEMS

Are a low-head pressure wastewater collection and treatment system. They are
an alternative to gravity sewer systems or septic tanks. A low-pressure sewer system
consists of an interceptor tank and a chamber unit, which houses a small, submersible
electrical pump. The tank is installed below ground, much like a septic tank. Substantial
organic waste treatment occurs in the interceptor tank. The liquid in the tank, or effluent,
is pumped automatically through a small pressure line that transports it to a wastewater
plant for treatment.

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid-waste management is the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid

material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful.
Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these
conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-
borne disease that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. Waste segregation
means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products,
metals and glass. Wet waste, typically refers to organic waste usually generated by
eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness.

Composting is a way of harnessing the natural process of decomposition to speed

up the decay of waste. The history of composting dates back to the history of early
agriculture. Many find that composting is as much of an art as a science. Recent
concern about managing wastes and producing food in an environmentally sound
manner has led to a renewed interest in small-scale, backyard composting as well as an
interest in developing large-scale, commercial and municipal composting systems.

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LANSCAPE SYSTEM

ROAD (COOL PAVEMENTS)

Solar reflective "cool" pavements stay cooler in the sun than traditional
pavements. Pavement reflectance can be enhanced by using reflective aggregate, a
reflective or clear binder, or a reflective surface coating.

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Permeable interlocking
concrete pavers (PICP) are
installed with layers of
varying-sized stone or
aggregate underneath that
filter and direct stormwater to
underground aquifers.
Permeable paving mimics
the way natural land absorbs
water. Which means any rain
that falls on your patio,
walkway or driveway seeps
back into the ground or the
nearest storm drain.

NATURAL CARBON EATERS

When you plant trees, you are directly cleaning the air. As a tree matures, it can
consume 48 pounds of carbon dioxide per year as it turns that CO2 into parts of itself. It
also releases enough oxygen to supply your needs for two years. These two effects
help to give the earth a healthier climate.

1. A mature tree helps to reduce runoff in urban setting. As rainwater falls, much of
it gets picked up by trees, preventing it from ending up in storm drains. On
average, a mature tree can absorb up to 1,000 gallons of rainfall that would
otherwise need to be pumped and filtered, requiring additional energy.
2. Trees absorb ozone, which is an potent greenhouse gas. While ozone is helpful
high up in the stratosphere, terrestrial production of the growth magnifies global

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climate change. Technically, this benefit doesn't reduce your carbon footprint, but
its impact is the same.
3. Less noise, fewer emissions and odors and better water quality
4. In addition to blocking out odors and emissions, the trees also helped reduce
noise and, more important, improved the area's water quality by filtering
pollutants from soil and groundwater.

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ACCESSIBILITY

DROP CURBS

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SIDEWALKS

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STEEL FOOTBRIDGE CONNECTION
An enclosed footbridge between two buildings is sometimes known as a skyway.
Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as greenbridges
and form an important part of sustainable transport movement towards more
sustainable cities. Footbridges are often situated to allow pedestrians to cross water or
railways in areas where there are no nearby roads to necessitate a road bridge. They
are also located across roads to let pedestrians cross safely without slowing down the
traffic.

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WAY FINDINGS

COMFORT ROOM

CHARGING STATION, WIFI, AND ATM MACHINE

BUS, JEEP AND TRICYCLE

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ROAD

RAMP NO SMOKING EMERGENCY EXIT

TRASH CAN FIRE EXTIGUISHER PEDESTRIAN

SMOKING AREA INFORMATION REST AREA

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