CHAPTER 7

INTEGRALS

Integration is the reverse process of Differentiation.

d then we write f x dx F x c.

Let F x f x
dx

These integrals are called indefinite integrals and c is called constant of integrations.

From geometrical point of view an indefinite integral is collection of family of curves each of
which is obtained by translating one of the curves parallel to itself upwards or downwards along
with y-axis.

STANDARD FORMULAE

n 1
x
n c n 1
1. x dx n 1
log x c n –1

n 1
ax b
c n 1
2. ax b
n
dx n 1 a
1
log ax b c n 1
a

3. sin x dx – cos x c. 4. cos x dx sin x c.

5. tan x . dx – log cos x c log sec x c.

2
6. cot x dx log sin x c. 7. sec x . dx tan x c.

2
8. cosec x . dx – cot x c. 9. sec x . tan x . dx sec x c.

58
10. cosec x cot x dx – cosec x c. 11. sec x dx log sec x tan x c.

12. cosec x dx log cosec x – cot x c. 13. e x dx ex c.

x
xa 1 –1
∫axndxdx log ∫
x −1
14. a dx = a +c 15. 1 dx = sin x– + c, | x < 1 |
14 c a 15. 1 − x 2 2 dx sin x c, x 1.
loga
1 x

1 –1 1 –1
16. 2
dx tan x c. 17. dx sec x c, x 1.
1 x 2
x x 1

1 1 a+x
18. ∫ 2a 1 − 2x dxdx = 2a21alog
2
2
2
2
loga x + cc.
aa − xx
19.
∫xx 22 2
11
22 2
dxdx =
11
log
x
log
x −a a c.
+c
a x −aa 2a2a x x +a a
1 1 –1 x 1 –1 x
20. dx tan c. 21. dx sin c.
a
2
x
2 a a a
2
– x
2 a

1 2 2 1 2 2
22. dx log x a x c. 23. dx log x x a c.
2 2 2 2
a x x – a

2
2 2 x 2 2 a 2 2
24. a x dx a x log x a x c.
2 2

2
2 2 x 2 2 a 2 2
25. x a dx x a + log x x a c.
2 2

x 2 a2  x
26. ∫ a 2 − x 2 dx =
2
a − x 2 + sin −1   + c
2 a

RULES OF INTEGRATION

1. k .f x dx k f x dx .

2. k f x g x dx k f x dx k g x dx .

59
 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION

f´ x
1. dx log f x c.
f x

n 1
n f x
2. f x f ´ x dx c.
n 1

n 1
f´ x f x
3. n
dx c.
f x –n 1

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

f x . g x dx f x . g x dx – f´ x . g x dx dx .

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
b
f x dx F b F a , where F x f x dx .
a

DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF SUMS.

b
f x dx lim h f a f a h f a 2h ..... f a n 1h
h 0
a

b a
where h .
n

PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL

b a b b
1. f x dx – f x dx . 2. f x dx f t dt .
a b a a

b c b b b
3. f x dx f x dx f x dx . 4. f x dx f a b x dx .
a a c a a

60
 a
5. f x 0; if f x is odd function.
–a

a
a
6. f x dx 2 f x dx , if f(x) is even function.
0
a

a
2a2 a
2 ∫ f2 ( xf )dx f (2xa −f xx) = f ( x )
a
, , ifif f 2a
∫f f (xx )dx
x dx
7. dx = 0 0

0
0
0, 0, (2ax− x )f =x − f (x )
ifif ff 2a

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

Evaluate the following integrals

61
  10 x a + 10 x log e 10 
4. ∫  x10 + 10 x  dx equals

(A) 10 x − x10 + c (B) 10 x + x10 + c

(C) (10 x
− x10 )
−1
+c (D) (
log 10 x +10 x + c )
1
5. ∫ sin 2
x cos2 x
dx equals

(A) tanx +cotx + c (B) tanx −cotx + c

(C) tan x cot x + c (D) tan x − cot2x + c

1
6. ∫x 2
+ 2x + 2
dx equals

(A) x tan−1 ( x +1) + c (B) tan−1 ( x +1) + c

(C) (x +1) tan−1 x + c (D) tan −1

x+c
1
7. ∫ 9x − 4x 2
dx equals

1 −1  9 x − 8  1 −1  8 x − 9 
(A) sin  +c (B) sin  +c
9  8  2  8 

1 −1  9 x − 8  1 −1  9 x − 8 
(C) sin  +c (D) sin  +c
3  8  2  9 

x(1 + x )
8. ∫ cos (xe ) dx
2 x
equals

(A) −cot(xex ) + c (B) ( )

tan xex + c

(C) tan(ex ) + c (D) cot(e ) + c

x

xdx
9. ∫ (x − 1)(x − 2 ) equals

log
( x − 1)
2

+c ( x − 2)
2

(A) (B) log +c

x−2 x −1

62
 2
 x −1 
(C) log   +c (D) log ( x − 1)( x − 2) + c
 x−2

1
10. ∫ x(x 2
+ 1)
dx equals

1 1
(A) log | x | − log(x 2 + 1) + c (B) log | x | + log(x 2 + 1) + c
2 2

1 1
(C) − log | x | + log(x2 + 1) + c (D) log | x | + log(x 2 + 1) + c
2 2

∫x
3
2
11. e x dx equals

1 x 3 1 x 2
(A) e +c (B) e +c
3 3

1 x 3 1 x 2
(C) e +c (D) e +c
2 2

∫e sec x (1 + tan x )dx equals

x
12.

(A) e x cos x + c (B) e x sec x + c

(C) e x sin x + c (D) e x + tan x + c

13. ∫ 1 + x 2 dx equals

x 1
(A) 1 + x 2 + log x + 1 + x2 + c
2 2

2
(B) (1 + x2 )3/ 2 + c
3
2
x(1 + x 2 ) + c
3/ 2
(C)
3

x2 1
(D) 1 + x 2 + x 2 log x + 1 + x 2 + c
2 2

63
 1
1
5x
14. If ∫ 2 dx = k 5 x then the value of k is :
x

(A) log 5 (B) - log 5

1 1
(C) − (D)
log5 log5
2
15. ∫ | x | dx =
−2

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

3. 5
16. ∫ [x ] dx =
0 .5

(A) 2+ 2 (B) 2− 2 (C) 4 .5 (D) None of these

Where [ ] denote the greatest integer function

π
2

∫πsin
5
17. x dx has value
−
2

(A) 0 (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) None of these

a
dx π
18. If ∫ 1+ 4x
0
2
=
8
then a is equal to

π π 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
2 4 2
π
2
(sin x )2012
19. ∫0 (sin x )2012 + (cos x )2012 dx equals

π π 2012(sin x)
2013
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these.
4 2
10 π
20. ∫ sin x
0
dx is

(A) 20 (B) 8 (C) 10 (D) 18

64
 6
x
21. ∫
3 9− x + x
dx is equal to

1 3
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) 1
2 2
π
2
(sin x + cos x )2
22. The value of I = ∫
0 1 + sin 2 x
dx is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

1
1− x
23. The value of integral ∫
0
1+ x
is

π π
(A) + 1 (B) − 1 (C) -1 (D) 1
2 2

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS)

–1 2
x cosec tan x x 1 x 1
1. (i) dx . (ii) dx .
4
1 x x 1 x 1

1
(iii) dx . (iv) cos2 x
sin x a sin x b ∫ 1 + sin x dx
5
(v) cos x cos 2x cos 3x dx . (vi) cos x dx

sin x cos x 1
(vii) dx . (viii) dx .
2 2 2 2 3
a sin x b cos x cos x cos x a

6 6
Sin x cos x
(ix) 2 2
dx .
sin x cos x

2. Evaluate :

xdx 1/x dx
(i) . *(ii)
4 2 2
x x 1 6 log x 7 log x 2

dx 1
(iii) . (iv) dx .
2
1 +x- x 9 8x – x2

65
 1 sin x
(v) dx . (vi) dx .
x a x b sin x

2
5x 2 x
(vii) 2
dx . (viii) dx .
2
3x 2x 1 x 6x 12

x 2 2
(ix) dx . (x) x 1 x – x dx .
2
4x x

2
(xii) 3x 2 x x 1 dx . (xiii) sec x 1 dx .

66
4. Evaluate :
5 3 3
(i) x sin x d x . (ii) sec x dx .

ax –1 6x
(iii) e cos bx c dx . (iv) sin dx .
2
1 9x

3 –1
(v) cos x dx . (vi) x tan x dx .

2x 1 sin 2x x x 1
(vii) e dx . (viii) e 2
dx .
1 cos 2x 2x

2 2
x 1 x x x 1
(ix) e 2
dx . (x) e 2
dx .
1 x x 1

x 2 sin 2x 1
(xi) e dx . (xii) log log x dx .
2
1 cos 2x log x

67
5. Evaluate the following definite integrals :

4 2
sin x cos x
(i) dx . (ii) cos 2x log sin x dx.
9 16 sin 2x
0 0
2
x sin x
(iii) dx .
1 cos x
0

6. Evaluate :
3
x
(i) x 1 x 2 x 3 dx . (ii) dx .
1 sin x
1 0

4 2
(iii) log 1 tan x dx . (iv) log sin x dx .
0 0

x sin x
(v) 2
dx .
1 cos x
0

3
2x x when 2 x -1
2
3
(vi) f x dx where f x x 3x 2 when 1 x 1
2 3x 2 when 1 x 2.

2
x sin x cos x dx xdx
(vii) 4 4
(viii) .
2 2 2 2
sin x cos x a cos b sin x
0 0

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7. Evaluate the following integrals

3 1
2 1 2x
(i) x 2x dx . (ii) sin dx .
2
1 x
1 0

1 cos x
1 sin x dx e
(iii) log . (iv) cos x –cosx
dx.
1 sin x e e
1 0

8. Evaluate the following integrals :

3 4
2x x
(iii) dx (iv) dx
x 1 x 3 x4 – 16

2
1
(v) tan x cot x dx . (vi) 4
dx .
x 1
0

–1
x tan x
(vii) 2
dx .
2
0 1 x
9. Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sums :

4 2
2
(i) 2x 1 dx . (ii) x 3 dx .
2 0

3 4
2 2 2x
(iii) 3x 2x 4 dx . (iv) 3x e dx .
1 0

5
2
(v) x 3x dx .
2

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10. Evaluate the following integrals :

[ ( ) ]
x 2 + 1 log x 2 + 1 − 2 log x x2
(i) ∫ x
dx (ii) ∫ (x sin x + cos x )2 dx
π
3
x sin x + cos x
∫ sin ∫
−1
(iii) dx (iv) dx
a+ x π sin 2 x
6

π π
2 2
(iv) ∫ (sin | x | − cos | x |) dx
−π
(vi) ∫ | sin x | dx
−π
2 4

1.5

∫ [x ] dx where [x] is greatest integer function

2
(vii)
0

3
2
(viii) ∫ | x sin πx | dx
−1

70