Assignment No.

Pak 101 Pakistan Study

Name: Student ID:

Muhammad Tayyab bc190411415

Question 01

How do you see the Two Nation Theory of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
and Allama Iqbal? Justify your Answer with at least five points.

Answer

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan used the word ‘nation’ for the Muslims. Some writers criticize that he
declared Hindus and Muslims one nation. But as a matter of fact, he advocated the Hindu-
Muslim unity that meant the working relationship’ between the two nations as once he said:
“Hindus and Muslims should try to be of one mind in matters which affected their progress.” He
favored separate electorate for the Muslims in 1883 saying that the majority would override the
interests of the minority. Syed Ahmed Khan and Two Nation Theory In a letter to Mr.
Shakespeare the divisional commissar of Benars Sir Syed said: “I am convinced now that Hindus
and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct
from each other.”

Quaid-E-Azam
Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam translated it into a political
reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing Objectives Resolution in March
1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of the Muslims of South Asia that they
are different from the Hindus that they demanded separate electorates. However when they
realized that their future in a ‘Democratic India’ dominated by Hindus majority was not safe,
they changed their demand to a separate state. The two nation theory

The phenomenon of Two-Nation theory originated with the advent of Islam in the Sub-
Continent. People of south Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religious but
also two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no similarities We are a
nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, names and
nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, custom and calendar,
history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook
on life and of life. By all cannons of international law, we are a nation.

Allama Iqbal
Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician. Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a
deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the Muslims in
general and of the Indian Muslims in particular. Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at
Allahabad: “The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the European countries. India is a
continent of human groups belonging to different races speaking different languages and
professing different religions. Their behavior is not at all determined by a common race
consciousness.”

As famous Address to the Muslim League Session, Allahabad, December 1930

I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sind, Balochistan amalgamated into a single state
as a self-government within the British empire or without. This is the final destiny of the
Muslims of N.W. India.

Question 02

What is the impact of Allahabad Address (1930) presented by Allama Iqbal on the
Muslim politics? Justify your answer with at least five points.

Answer

As famous Address to the Muslim League Session, Allahabad, December 1930

In this address, Allama Iqbal gave the lucid explanation of the inner feeling of the Muslims of
India. He narrated the basic principles of the Islam and loyalties of the Muslims to their faith. He
gave the idea and concept about a separate homeland in this address because the Muslim were a
nation and had a right that they got the identification and passed their lives in order to the Islamic
principles. Due to these reasons, he expressed his thoughts in this address. There were many
reasons which caused Muslims to think about the separate homeland and compelled to protect
the rights of the Muslim. There was a two branched attack on the Muslim interests. On the one
side, Hindus were creating the restrictions in the way of the Muslim and hurting the feeling of
the Muslim to propose the Nehru report as the ultimate constitution for India. On the other side,
the British government totally ignored the Muslim’s rights and other facilities were not being
provided to them. They were ignored in every field of life, especially in education and
government. In that critical condition, Allama Muhammad Iqbal realized that these eccentric
problems of the Muslims in North West India needed to be addressed. In order to solve these
problems, Allama Iqbal pointed a line of action. I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP,
Sind, Balochistan amalgamated into a single state as a self-government within the British
empire or without. This is the final destiny of the Muslims of N.W. India. By 1930, Muslims
had developed a sense of identity and political demands. Iqbal delivered his Presidential address
in this background. Iqbal’s stay in Europe, 1905-08, helped to crystallize his thoughts. He
returned to India in 1908 and started work on the roots of Muslim decline and the
mechanism to uplift the Muslims. He reminded them to follow the teachings of the Holy
Prophet (PBUH) practically as the ideal leader. He emphasized on the ideals, teachings and
principles of Islam. He sought salvation through Islam. He was awarded with many prominent
social positions:

 Title of Sir was conferred in 1922

 Member Punjab Legislative Council (1927-1930)

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