Chemistry IA

Raw Data

Test Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pb (NO4)2 (cm3) 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
KI (cm3) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Height of PbI2 (cm) 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.6

Uncertainty in measurement = 0.050

Process data

Test Tube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volume of Pb (NO4)2 (cm )3 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 5 6.5 7 7.5
Fractional Uncertainty for
the Volume of Pb (NO4)2 0.016 0.014 0.012 0.011 0.01 0.009 0.008 0.0076 0.0071 0.006
(cm )
3

Percentage uncertainty for

the volume of Pb (NO4)2 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.76 0.71 0.6
(cm )
3

Height of PbI2 (cm) 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.6
Fractional Uncertainty for
the Height of PbI2 (cm) 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.023 0.026 0.023 0.01

Percentage Uncertainty
for the height of PbI2 (cm) 5.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 2.3 2.6 2.3 1

Total Percentage
Uncertainty 7.1 6.9 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 3.1 3.36 3.01 1.6

[The uncertainty of potassium iodide can be ignored]

Calculation:

Fractional uncertainty = uncertainty of measurement/value (cm3)

Percentage uncertainty = fractional uncertainty*100

Total percentage uncertainty = percentage uncertainty of Pb (NO4)2 + percentage

uncertainty of PbI2

Theoretical data

Volume Mole of
Volume of Mole of Lead Mole of
Test of Lead Theoretical
Potassium (II) Nitrate Potassium
Tube (II) Lead (II) Iodide
Iodide (mol) Iodide (mol)
Nitrate (mol)
1 3.00 5.00 0.00150 0.00500 0.00150
2 3.50 5.00 0.00175 0.00500 0.00175
3 4.00 5.00 0.00200 0.00500 0.00200
4 4.50 5.00 0.00225 0.00500 0.00225
5 5.00 5.00 0.00250 0.00500 0.00250
6 5.50 5.00 0.00275 0.00500 0.00250
7 6.00 5.00 0.00300 0.00500 0.00250
8 6.50 5.00 0.00325 0.00500 0.00250
9 7.00 5.00 0.00350 0.00500 0.00250
10 7.50 5.00 0.00375 0.00500 0.00250

Conclusion

In conclusion, after comparing the processed data to the theoretical data I can
say that my data is not 100% consistent with the theoretical data. There were
many disruptive factors. On the one hand the inaccuracy of measuring, on the
other hand the random errors.
You can improve the uncertainty of measuring by using better tools and working
more accurate. For example, using an exact ruler.
To improve the random errors, you have to as well work more precise and
accurate.