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Greenfield Settlement, Radius of Curvature & Longitudinal Strains
Greenfield Settlement, Radius of Curvature & Longitudinal Strains
yend ystart
interval interval 19014.60 i 0 interval Y y start i lcalc
lcalc i
y start y end
x start x start 34.60 m x end x end 34.60 m
tan( β) tan( β)
x start x end
x interval X x start i x interval 500m The -500m considers long term settlement
interval i
when settlement trough has fully developed
zstart z y start tan( α) zstart 31.69 m zend z y end tan( α) zend 31.69 m
zstart zend
zinterval Z zstart i zinterval
interval i
S s X Y Z
i i i
i i
U u X Y Z
i i i i
V v X Y Z
i i
i
Bending strain
20
Assume bending about base of sewer
Si 3
Diameter of existing tunnel DE 12ft 9in in DE 3.905 m
mm Max settlement 4
10
Ui DE
max( S) 15.12 mm ε bending_hogging 0.000102 DE
mm Maxhogging ε bending_sagging 0.000229
Maxsagging
Vi 0 DE
mm ε bending
i Rad
i
Z X Y
Bending Strains 2 2 2
Lf Lf f Zf f Xf f Yf if 1 i interval 1
i i i i 1 i i 1 i i 1
Note:
10
Lf 1 10 m otherwise
lcalc is the distance between calculation points. Set this to very small to calculate instantaneous curvature. i
Lf
H is the vertical offset between three consecutive calculation points. i
Compression Tension
L Lf
i
i
ε axial
S
i 1
S
i 1 i L max ε axial 0.000411 min ε axial 0.000183
H H S if 1 i interval 1 i
i i i 2
20 Combined Strains
H 1 10 m otherwise Set non-zero
i
Reduction Factor for axial tensile strains RF 0.20
H
i
ε total ε total ε bending RF ε axial if ε axial 0
i i i i i
Hi lcalc ε total ε bending otherwise
γ asin Rad
i i
i
lcalc
i sin 2 γ
i ε total
i
4
Maxhogging A 10 km
9 6 10
0
for i 0 interval 4
0 -5.00·1012 4 10
A Rad if Rad A Rad 0km εtotal
1 -2.13·107 i i i i
4
2 -2.12·107 A 2 10
εaxial
Maxhogging 38.17 km i
3 -2.11·107
0
Rad 4 -2.11·107 km εbending
i
9
5 -2.10·107 Maxsagging A 10 km 4
2 10
6 -2.09·107 for i 0 interval
4
7 -2.09·107 A Rad if Rad A Rad 0km 4 10
i i i 100 50 0 50 100
8 -2.08·107
A Yi
9 ...
m
6
Maxsagging 17.04 km Maxstrain min ε total 229.2 10
Project: Thames Tunnel Job ref
Plan Section
5100812
yend ystart
interval interval 19659.00 i 0 interval Y y start i lcalc
lcalc i
y start y end
x start x start 35.78 m x end x end 35.78 m
tan( β) tan( β)
x start x end
x interval X x start i x interval 500m The -500m considers long term settlement
interval i
when settlement trough has fully developed
zstart z y start tan( α) zstart 32.76 m zend z y end tan( α) zend 32.76 m
zstart zend
zinterval Z zstart i zinterval
interval i
S s X Y Z
i i i
i i
U u X Y Z
i i i i
V v X Y Z
i i
i
Bending strain
20
Assume bending about base of sewer
Si 3
Max settlement Diameter of existing tunnel DE 12ft 9in in DE 3.905 m
mm 4
10
Ui DE 5
max( S) 14.63 mm ε bending_hogging 9.279258 10 DE
mm Maxhogging ε bending_sagging 0.000208
Maxsagging
Vi 0 DE
mm ε bending
i Rad
i
Z X Y
Bending Strains 2 2 2
Lf Lf f Zf f Xf f Yf if 1 i interval 1
i i i i 1 i i 1 i i 1
Note:
10
Lf 1 10 m otherwise
lcalc is the distance between calculation points. Set this to very small to calculate instantaneous curvature. i
Lf
H is the vertical offset between three consecutive calculation points. i
Compression Tension
L Lf
i
i
ε axial
S
i 1
S
i 1 i L max ε axial 0.000385 min ε axial 0.000172
H H S if 1 i interval 1 i
i i i 2
20 Combined Strains
H 1 10 m otherwise Set non-zero
i
Reduction Factor for axial tensile strains RF 0.20
H
i
ε total ε total ε bending RF ε axial if ε axial 0
i i i i i
Hi lcalc ε total ε bending otherwise
γ asin Rad
i i
i
lcalc
i sin 2 γ
i ε total
i
4
Maxhogging A 10 km
9 4 10
0
for i 0 interval
0 -5.00·1012 4
A Rad if Rad A Rad 0km εtotal 2 10
1 -2.40·107 i i i i
2 -2.39·107 A εaxial
Maxhogging 42.09 km i 0
3 -2.39·107
Rad 4 -2.38·107 km εbending
i
9 4
5 -2.37·107 Maxsagging A 10 km 2 10
1
[1] Length of bolts between heads Lbolt 2in in Lbolt 63.50 mm
Project: Thames Tunnel Job ref 2
5100812 Elastic modulus of bolts Ebolt 100GPa
Part of structure : TU053 Bakerloo Northbound Calc sheet no rev 7
3 AB [1] Diameter of bolts φ in φ 22.22 mm
8
Calc ref Calc by Date Check by Date 3
[1] Diameter of ring D 12ft 9in in D 3905.25 mm
003 IN 04-07-2011 MY 04-07-2011 4
Number of longitudinal bolts Nbolt 53
Ref Calculations Output [1]
(if good condition)
1
[1] Length of bolts between heads Lbolt 2in in Lbolt 63.50 mm
Project: Thames Tunnel Job ref 2
5100812 Elastic modulus of bolts Ebolt 100GPa
Part of structure : TU053 Bakerloo Southbound Calc sheet no rev 7
3 AB [1] Diameter of bolts φ in φ 22.22 mm
8
Calc ref Calc by Date Check by Date 3
[1] Diameter of ring D 12ft 9in in D 3905.25 mm
010 IN 04-07-2011 MY 04-07-2011 4
Number of longitudinal bolts Nbolt 53
Ref Calculations Output [1]
(if good condition)
3 1 1
t Tensile force in skin Tskin Tbolt Cpivot Tskin 23.16 kN m
I value of skin I 5 4 1 Pa
12 I 9.15 10 mm m
2 Tskin 2
Mw Tensile stress of skin σskin σskin 1.04 N mm
Deflection at flange caused by rotation of d max d max 0.07 mm t
skin 8EI
Y
w Tensile stress of skin and Moment σskinMoment σskin M σskinMoment 10.41 N mm
2 I
Rotation at end of flange θ atan θ 0.06 deg 2
Limited tensile stress of skin σskinlimit 38N mm
2 w
2
max δs a b
d t
4 Opening at the edge of skin tan( θ) δs 0.11 mm
d max 2
2d max ( a b)
Deflection at base of flange Δ Δ 0.10 mm
tan( 90deg θ)
5
[1] Distance from pivot to centreline of bolt b in b 31.8 mm
4 Tskin 5 2
Stiffness of joint Kj Kj 2.31 10 kN m
b Δ
Separation of bolt heads due to rotation of cbolt cbolt 0.03 mm
flange tan( 90deg θ) Et 6 2
Stiffness of ring Kr Kr 4.38 10 kN m
L
Initial play in the bolts lbolt 0mm
1 5 2
Stiffness of system Ks Ks 2.193 10 kN m
1 1
Kj Kr
Tskin 5 2
Ks Ks 2.193 10 kN m
cε bh L