PHYSICAL REVIEW D VOLUME 18, NUMBER 8 15 OCTOBER 1978

Charged dust distributions in equilibrium in Brans-Dicke theory

A. K. Raychaudhuri and N. Bandyopadhyay
Physics Department, Presidency College, Calcutta, 700 012, India
(Received 18 November 1977)
This paper shows that, unlike the case in general relativity, the ratio of charge density to mass density
does not have a constant value for equilibrium distributions of charged dust in Brans-Dicke theory.

I. INTRODUCTION

In both the c l a s s i c a l and the g e n e r a l relativity w h e r e p, a a r e the m a s s and c h a r g e densities, r e -

t h e o r i e s , one h a s the s i m p l e r e s u l t that f o r static spectively, up is t h e velocity v e c t o r of matter, and
equilibriuni of a charged dust distribution the mat- z+b is the Brans-Dicke s c a l a r . F o r the static c a s e ,
t e r density and the c h a r g e density m u s t b e equal v p = g o o - 1 1 2 6 ~and ,,,
, we may w r i t e F,, = I$ F,, = 0 ,
(in units G = c = I).' T h i s r e s u l t , although indepen- w h e r e @ is t h e electrostatic potential. The equa-
dent of any s y m m e t r y requirement, is nevertheless tions of motion,
subject to s o m e r e s t r i c t i o n s , such a s the absence
of any singularity o r of "any hole o r pocket of alien
matter" i n the charged dust distribution.'
F o r an equilibrium which is stationary r a t h e r then give
than static, one may have a r b i t r a r y values of t h e (goo1'2),t= - ( a / ~ ) @ , , , (8)
r a t i o of c h a r g e density t o m a s s density as shown
by Som and RaychaudhuriZ by considering a cylin- showing that goo, I$, and u/p a r e functionally r e -
drically s y m m e t r i c charged dust distribution in lated. Writing goo=F(I$), Eq. (8) r e a d s a s follows:
rigid rotation. However, i n t h e i r solutions t h e r e
w e r e closed timelike lines.
It would b e interesting to study analogous situa- w h e r e a p r i m e denotes differentiation with r e s p e c t
tions in the background of the Brans-Dicke theory to $.
as t h e problem of c h a r g e t o m a s s ratio is of ob- Now if i n t h e Raychaudhuri identity
vious importance in building up a model of the - R,,,vpu" = 2(w2 - x2)+ l3 8 + b,,va
electron. However, it t u r n s out that t h e r e s u l t s
a r e much m o r e complicated i n the Brans-Dicke + (up;U v V ) ; p (10)
theory. we substitute f o r R,, f r o m Eq. (2) and u s e Eqs. (3),
(5), and (7), and r e m e m b e r that i n the p r e s e n t
11. THE STATIC DISTRIBUTION static c a s e the vorticity w, t h e s h e a r C , and the
The static line element may be written i n the expansion b all vanish, we get
form
d s Z=godit' +gikdxidxk , (1)
E2 1
with t h e Latin indices running f r o m 1 t o 3. The
Brans-Dicke-Maxwell equations a r e 4J(3+ 2 w )
- ( ~ / p,,Ei
24
,
) - -googo,, gik4J,,
(11)
E,=F,,V~ , E ~ -=
E,,E~ .
With the help of equation Eq. (9) t h i s may b e f u r -
t h e r reduced t o

with -
Using w * and $, - 0, the above equation l e a d s
18
- 2756 O 1978 The American Physical Society
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- CHARGED D U S T DISTRIBUTIONS IN EQUILIBRIUM IN ... 2757

t o the r e s u l t s obtained by De and Raychaudhuri.'
One may be tempted to think that in the present
c a s e Eq. (12) would be satisfied with
a s indeed was conjectured by Nayak3 However,
such a relation is not consistent with other field
equations, a s may be easily verified. To proceed
further we a s s u m e that the distribution i s spheri-
cally symmetric.
igin. Equations (16) and (17) show that in the
Brans-Dicke theory neither 0 2 / p 2nor 02+/p2 i s a
constant, though in the relativistic limit w - m they
do lead to the relativity results. In fact with po>O,
a@ is positive n e a r the origin and consequently a Z /
p2 is a minimum at the origin while a2$/p2 i s a
maximum; they have their general relativity values
right at the origin.
IV. A CYLINDRICALLY SYMMETRIC DISTRIBUTION
WITH RIGID ROTATION

We borrow the picture used by Som and Ray-

111. SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC STATIC DISTRIBUTION
chaudhuri2 of a cylindrically symmetric charged
We can now write $= $,($I), a s both a r e functions dust distribution in rigid rotation i n which the Lo-
of the radial coordinate alone. Using Eq. (3), we rentz f o r c e vanishes. As in their c a s e we a r e led
have to the line element
(gikJ-g$,,k) ,*= ( g i k G $ , @&) ,i
. m functions of r alone and
, ( F $p ,, ' I,) 'and
= ~ ' ~ ~ ~ $ ' 4 n a + F - ' ~ ~ ~ ~ @ , ~ @ , with
(13) F 3 1 = -F13 ,An-le-211 , (21)
Also, Eq. (12) can be rewritten:

where D2= I + m2 and a l l other components of F"'

vanish.
The field equations a r e now
Eliminating o, p from Eqs. (13) and (14) with the
help of Eqs. (5) and (9), we get

To have an idea about the relation between o and

p, we make use of a power-series expansion of
F, $, in t e r m s of @ with the stipulation that @ -0,
F-1, gll--1, andg22=g,,sin'2e--r2 as r - 0
(i.e., the center of symmetry). It then turns out
f r o m Eqs. (14), (15), (9), and (5) that

with

The subscript z e r o r e f e r s to the values a t the o r -

 A . K. RAYCHAUDHURI A N D N. BANDYOPADHYAY 18
-

F r o m Eqs. (32) and (30) we get

= -&(4np + A 2 g - 2 p ) - (,jLj
4, $2 4np = 2a2 -A2$ 3 + 2 w e-2p
9
lb 4+2w

F p " ~ u = a .u ~
Equation (26) yields
Thus u/p i s not a constant. If the solution i s regu-
milC = c o n s t = a (say) (31) l a r at the axis r =0, we may write in the neighbor-
2D hood of the axis
=,
Using Eq. (30) in (231, we get
1 m,2 1
( 4 n p + ~ ~ e -+-~ " )
N
(32)
$=+o+Cff,~"
,
F2
L l =I I , 2 + ' and we get, f r o m Eq. (34),
whereas f r o m Eqs. (23) and (24), we have al=o,
D+=br , (33) 2a2 -A2q0
a, = -
q0(4+2w) '
where b i s an integration constant. Eliminating D
and m from Eq. (31) with the help of Eqs. (29) and s o that, in view of Eq. (35), a, i s negative, and
(331, we get the differential equation f o r &, +
thus both and lo/pj have maxima there.

'u. K . De and A . K. Raychaudhuri, P r o c . R. Soc. London

-
London A 3 0 4 , 8 1 (1968).
-
A303, 4 7 (1968).
2hl. &Som
I. and A . K. Raychaudhuri, P r o c . R. Soc.
3 ~ K.
. Nayak, Aust. J. Phys. 28, 585 (1975).