Water and Wastewater Treatment

Engineering
Part Ⅱ Principles and Technologies of Wastewater
Biological Treatment Engineering

Professor Jiane Zuo

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
 Chapter 0 Introduction
I. Development Status of Wastewater Treatment Process
II. Typical Processes of Wastewater Biological Treatment
III. Main Contents

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
I. Development Status of Wastewater Treatment Process

Wastewater Discharging Drinking Intaking

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Combined Systems Industrial Domestic
Wastewater Wastewater
Rainfall

E-1

Overflow
Tank

wastewater Drainage Network

Rainwater Collection System
Wastewater
清华大学环境学院
Treatment Plant
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Combined Drainage System

Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plant
Receiving Water Body

Branch Sewer

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Overflow Well
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Separated System Industrial
Wastewater Domestic
Rainfall
Wastewater

E-1

Wastewater
Treatment
Wastewater Drainage Network Overflow Plant
Tank
Rainwater Collection System
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Separated Drainage System

Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plant

Receiving Water Body

Sewer Pipe
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Rain Water Pipe
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
II. Typical Processes of Wastewater Biological Treatment

Domestic
Wastewater Bacteria
Organic matters
Nitrogen
Phosphorous Fungi
Municipal
Wastewater Microorganism
Wastewater
Protozoan

Industrial
Wastewater Metazoan

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
II. Typical Processes of Wastewater Biological Treatment

Process

Take different process measures, remove or degrade wastewater

pollutants by transformation and degradation , to make the water
quality of the effluent meet the requirement of the national
discharge standards.
Engineering

Has the certain scale，need to be realized by engineering methods

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Main Pollutants Sources from Wastewater :

Domestic Wastewater
CODCr 400-500mg/L
BOD5 200-300mg/L
Ammonia Nitrogen 40-50 mg/L
TN 50-60 mg/L
TP 4-8mg/L

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Main Pollutants Sources from Wastewater

Industrial Wastewater
Brewery Wastewater 8-20m3Wastewater/m3Beer CODCr =2000-3500mg/L
Alcohol Wastewater 12-15 m3Wastewater/m3Alcohol CODCr= 30000-60000 mg/L
MSG Wastewater 25-35 m3Wastewater/Ton MSG CODCr = 60000-100000 mg/L
Pulp Black Liquor 120-600 m3Wastewater/Ton Pulp CODCr = 100000-150000 mg/L

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
" Wastewater Biological Treatment Engineering" Definition

Organic matters
Two Types of
Pollutants
Nutrients Functional
main bodies:
Objectives microbes

Domestic or Municipal
Two Types of Wastewater
Wastewater
Organic Industrial Waster

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
" Wastewater Biological Treatment" Contents

A typical municipal wastewater, the flow rate is 500000m3/d, CODCr=

400mg/L, BOD5= 200mg/L, NH3-N is 30mg/L, total phosphorus is 4mg/L. The
requirements for the effluent quality are CODCr≤60mg/L, BOD5≤20mg/L,
SS≤10 mg/L, Ammonia Nitrogen ≤5 (8) mg/L, TN≤15mg/L, TP≤0.5mg/L. The
A/A/O process is chosen as the main treatment process.

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
" Wastewater Biological Treatment" Contents

Complete wastewater treatment process and Process

sludge treatment process Design

A/A/O Three tanks’ volumes, pumps, pipes, Process

other treatment facilities Calculation

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
" Wastewater Biological Treatment" Contents

Combined with the principles of biological nitrogen and

phosphorus removal process, explain specific measures in Fundamental
terms of nitrogen and phosphorus removal

After dewatered, sludge cakes would be transported to

landfill by trucks with 5 tons’ carrying capacity, how many Sludge
times of transportation is needed each day. Treatment

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Main Tutorial Contents

A. Introduction of Basic Principles of Wastewater Biological

Treatment - Theoretical Knowledge

B. Introduction of Various Wastewater Biological Treatment

Processes –General Knowledge of Process

C. Introduction of Wastewater Biological Treatment Design

and Related Calculations, Engineering Design, and some
Project Examples - Engineering Practice

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Example 1: Domestic or Municipal wastewater
Treatment

Emission
Influent Water Standards Effluent Water
(First Class A)
Quality: Quality:
CODCr  400mg/L CODCr  50mg/L CODCr  30mg/L
BOD5  200mg/L BOD5  10mg/L BOD5  5mg/L
SS  200mg/L SS  10mg/L SS  15mg/L

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
 TREATMENT PROCESS DIAGRAM

Aerated Grit Chamber Primary Sedimentation Tank Aeration Tank Final Sedimentation Tank
Chlorine
Pump Station
Water Body

Screens

Sludge Conditioning
Grit
Grit Washing Sludge Thickening Tank Sludge Digestion Tank

Sludge Dewatering
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Gaobeidian
WWTP, Beijing

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
 Sludge Incineration Plant
German
WWTP in
Wupptal,
Germany

Sand Filter

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Bottrop WWTP,
Germany

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Aeration Tank

Mixed
liquid in
Aeration
Tank
活性污泥
好氧微生物

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Aeration Tank

Aerator

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Zoogloea and Protozoa

Opercularia

Vorticella
Activated Sludge Floc
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Zoogloea and Protozoa

Paramecium

Activated Sludge Floc Amoeba

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Zoogloea and Protozoa

Nematodes Rotifers
Activated Sludge Floc
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Micro-organisms in Wastewater Biological Treatment
Virus, Bacteriophage
Non-cell
Morphology Bacteria

Microorganism Prokaryotes Actinomycetes

Cyanobacteria
Cell Morphology
Fungi

Eukaryotes Algae

清华大学环境学院
Protozoa
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理 and Metazoan
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Evolutions of Effluent Discharge Standards for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plants

Standard Names CODCr BOD5 SS NH3-N TP TN

GBJ4-73 100 60 50
GB8978-88 120 30 30
GB8978- 2nd Grade 120 30 30 15 1.0
1996 1st Grade 60 20 20 15 0.5
GB18918 2nd Grade 60 20 20 8(15) 1.0 20
B
-2002
1st Grade 50 10 10 5(8) 0.5 15
A

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process for Removal of Carbonaceous
Organic Compounds in Wastewater

Influent
Effluent
Screens

Grit Primary Aeration Tank Secondary

Chamber Sedimentation
Sedimentation
Tank
Tank

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process for Removal of Carbonaceous
Matters, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Wastewater

Influent
Primary Secondary
Grit
Screens Sedimentation A A O Sedimentation
Chamber
Tank Tank

Aerobic Anoxic Oxic

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Classification of Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Primary Treatment Pretreatment: Grit Chamber, Primary Sedimentation Tank

Secondary Treatment Biological Treatment: Aeration Tank

Advanced Treatment: O3 Oxidation, Activated Carbon

Tertiary Treatment Adsorption, Disinfection, etc.

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Classification of Wastewater Biological Treatment Process

Biological
Natural Stabilization Pond
Process Land Treatment
System
Biological Treatment
Active Sludge Process
Process Aerobic
Process
Aerobic Biofilm Process
Artificial
Process
Anaerobic Conventional Anaerobic
Process Digestion Process

Modern High Rate

Anaerobic Reactors
清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
The Main Content of This Course

Chapter
0 Introduction

Chapter
Basic Principles of Wastewater Biological
I
Treatment
Chapter
II Aerobic Biological Treatment Process – Active
Sludge Method
Chapter
III Aerobic Biological Treatment Process -- Biofilm
Chapter
IV Aerobic Biological Treatment Process – Other
Processes

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
The Main Content of This Course
Chapter
第0章
V 绪论Treatment Process
Anaerobic Biological

Chapter
第一章 Biological Removal of Nutrient Elements
VI 废水生物处理基本原理
(Principles and Processes)
Chapter
第二章
VII 好氧生物处理工艺——活性污泥法
Natural Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes
Chapter
第三章
VIII 好氧生物处理工艺——生物膜法
Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Chapter
第四章 Advanced Treatment, Reuse and Discharge of
IX 好氧生物处理工艺——其它工艺 Wastewater

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering
Textbooks and References

"Drainage and Wastewater Engineering", third edition, Zhang Zijie, etc.

China Architectural Industry Press, 1996

"Water Treatment Engineering", first edition, Gu Xiasheng,etc. Tsinghua

University Press, 1985

Wastewater Engineering – Treatment and Reuse (4th Edition). G.

Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, H. D. Stensel, 2003. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc.,
New York

"Modern Wastewater Biological treatment technology," Qian Yi, etc., China

Science and Technology Press, 1993

清华大学环境学院
水处理工程 第II篇 生物处理技术与原理
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering