Fa Serving Manufacturers, Distributors and End Users TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL TORQUE TENSIONING A Ten Part Compilation Fastener Technology International 3869 Darrow Road, Suite 109 Stow, OH, USA, 44224 mn ofa ten part series that appeared in Fastener Technology Internat 1agazine from October, 1987 to October, 1989. palo Sos ABE y Afda 542 SRTke Fase B06 is At DBOOK: its use by anyone is entiTorque-tensioning Part I— inkling seer of ence on trguesendoning, Tou he conmoalyexepled equation ~ KDW, 1 Salucs so compute ae intended aly az starting polat : for fina usr Value il be based 09 coffcens (Kin actual servic, K citer fom ont joint and rest in bolt fatigue fi failure of the 4 fastener?" The answer depends on many variables: Mating materials, costings or platings, threed class of ‘sonnected with thse “The ares will ever both inch and metic has made a determined effort fasteners for assembly into various common contents accurately Suggested tightening torques for structural bolts hardened washers ‘ents turned in ight approved by the Research Courcll "Because the Research Cov fon Structural Connections) gives ‘(he aster spec) ‘inimum tension values in pounds doesnot esognve standard torque {0 which these bolte must beset ned, Permissible methods of todeveiop wich minimom fen. torque to tension, end asers often rust ask anyone who seems qual Fe vo provi ealulated assy es as a guide, ‘Of cours, such request is impos 1 Dirt tension indicating. nch tightening allocation of Ine Of applied torque may oming friction ‘accuracy of cal es may vary con sy fom ane fot of Tasene fo ancther, depending onthe coadl‘Table 1 jagested assembly torques to produce minimum specified teasion ‘A325 structural interesting 0 note the assem: bly specification advises that" fasteners shall be protected from divend moltireat tej Tome ir Tome br ing chan'g o_o ttsinwn "enon contin) contin Siriog work sift shall be taken tensors) pus thy “= OI) K=O rom protecied storage. Fasteners ‘not sed shall be returned to peo- 12000 12.600 78 105 ead of the fg, 18000 19.950, 155 210 x 20,00 29,400 273 a ho~ 305 i e000 40,960 485 595 1 51,000 53,550 890 1% 56,000 58,500, 4,100 ” 7000 74550 1350 | 1 5000 29.250 2,045 1% 108.000 108,150, to clamp load T=KDW ‘Table Mt epg ae go oh nam pa on inion srl bots tle eee 75h ios assembly torque Ga Toque for Minimum len & sexlean fot Misia tenon ‘a (o) tension (h) pus 8% @) Tee soca se eee Tea eiaet wre tr acs | Yim sonny tae tion between bolt and 1% 148,000 155,400 2915 threads and bearing faces of turned: components end sf may be high o low. Je le provid a tension not let than § per ~~ Sho Lb Of the minimum fe {assim = G0 Lb Foo Ibs ‘tober 1867 aetnseTechnatogyTorque-tensioning Part III 2 by anyon contents for any purposes by anyon person, and FTI is not respor im, or dami ated screws with 020 ease ‘Because induced tension can vary considerably from | 2eCyPaied embly to another Teehseaybrary 386Torque-tensioning Part Il ——— Torque-tension relationships for ‘SAE Grades 2, 5, and 8 Tassos nce an wees and muse power ob fing correct tense tightened. "To prevent tigue failure, tens usually the how meh torque lated snd fupgesed for common SAE fastener ma: "Tose values Hated ere bted on mama of fone-diameterthreag-depth engagement and Ae toler developed by the bolt, Joi re by clamp force than by rated tense siength of onal to tightening nova preload a initial \ ightening torques for be ening torque vals are ‘T= KDP clamping ated from t Kk D P indeed bolt clamp load Camp load is costed by mukilying usable be strength (75% of proofload sites by tensiestres area threnced section, sre 420% the eae td clamp lnad for a 0.250-20 SAE Grade 2 bolt is ofload strest of $5,000 psi mulipad by 20% Ganploed rate of 10502 15951 (Table D i513 asi achieved from the torque raage of Tabi 1 Suggested torque values and le strength = 74,000 psi min oad etrese = 68,000 psi Hen oot Tense stess lamp "oaue ete at vee) te 080-80 S029 sae orer2 see 728 87-120 522 goss 13048528 oom) apes 2-8 ‘oes zr Bi-0e oes 199280887 sa0s02 sreaea 1200100 1050-575 soszert 9) 375.28 2007-4046 37518 2357-9005, 31520 foirse7s 251.370 uate ssoesze2 239.351 50020 saree s12870 50018 5537004 985505 (ey soos18 20ece © sepegose A268 irsie = Sriaasry 258 gems © «Buugsz070 © 305 precd|MSBIT07 818 srsewaazvansat 18028 ties 11037-16855 T0614‘Suggested tightening torques for 1960 Inch Series socket-head cap screws eso ed in re eg ey) ae 3000 58 6250 a 760 7% 8750 | sim 4.2500, +5000 ‘vith threads and Bearing areas lbrieated with plein, me- Proper preload is especially important for rid evetal- where it has been found ait use of @ ai told Bearing stress of Taigue falar. pete a For fenbe-tpe joins, hovtever, an for assem ness egal fo or in excess of Rock expoged to elevated temperatres, mush lower pre ‘terials, washers may be required under the heads of erews (9 avoid indentation ‘ASTM AST4 having te ere sie 0.500" aed smaller and 170,000 pi for srew ‘izes 0.628" and larger. considerations s where screws are subject to fatigue Importance of proper pre: Brook Stree, BO BOX Hi, Ws (9, Phone 20523-8735 for additionalTorque-tensioning...Part IV For Metric Property Classes segura nr meta e necaetion ee na on een gra ey, nde sono ries oat en amr Matin ato dimple ye cdma, sky coy tn ee ‘The ecceptd equation forest soembly torque formetiofaste the same as that used for ine is: T=KDW ‘T= torque in Newton: = tongue coeffi ased wth coelicen of tition) ed proct bad, he seey i shee “Te primary variabie inthe abore SPA ent le ther. This aks 5% of proof loud target claping lose, vies aus resting eam und sembly torgues red baits ‘experimental, ‘Suggested assembly torques for metric fastener: (in metric units or mate ealbrated wrenches and instrum: ee i i Lhe a I 225 NPE “310 MPa "380 MPa 500 MPaTal oe ny gh eee pe FT Tae SPS SMES ConsTas tos 120 3 Tae ent OSE " Guide Now Fastener Technology International BUYERS’ GUIDE the fastener industry, The Guide presonts the mos those parts, and! are Isted forthe produc that thay offer, Over B50 product categories Exp Date!Torque-tensioning...Part V ‘Suggested forque values for plastic fasteners, inch, and metric seriesTorque-tensioning...Part V1 ‘Torque-tension relationships for titanium alloy bolts ea cated tom fr depirenpagementandsi oleracea ‘orgs wrens o1e40 013832 ooins 9.03637 93182 isos ase a Torreon 68‘Torque tensioning ... Part VIL Disclaimer: \ Suggested torque values for stainless steel and nonferrous fasteners (inch series) ting pars wer wie ton snd foreign mae, ondtions, significant emily ores mos prolly would berequire.Howanl Gah ‘Amerina Society Torque-tensioning hl eagr) as, the Society of Automotive En ince, abd the American Soclry for Steal ... Part VII Suggested tightening torques for metric structural bolts forquetor Noo-Oted Condon KO mth NowOled Condon ‘KO. es) Nn) 28 552 733 985, L398 ao | 1930 1424 1399 2s | 3375 3319 2489Segara of joint surfaces. 4 ‘ool of adequate power i vit to te “Tables gveneveinaresogested ‘assembly torgue values fo serve only 3 Ing former uct bots may well Incrsee Beenie of problems inseting ‘T=assembly torque Nn)Torque-tensioning...Part LX [purposes by anyone Technology International ( faetore Clreuventing the retion factor Fig dant condo termTorque Tension...Part X Socket set screws: critical features for optimum performance ‘ged on performance alone. But Screw peeform ean only be dsterined by what fastene: tobe import.sorque rension..art a ‘A soft condition becomes ven more sei-locking configuration In this Fear Tenn 188Fastener TECHNOLOGY MTERNATIONAL Join the Number 1 publication serving the fastener and precision formed parts industry. ‘To obtain your FREE subscription, contact: Circulation Manager Fastener Technology International 3869 Darrow Road, Suite 109 Stow, OH, USA, 44224 330-686-9544 Fax: 330-686-9563 Published By: INITIAL PUBLICATIONS, INC. John L. Jones Publisher ‘Thomas H. Dreher Editor Mary L. Jones Circulation Manager James C. Keebler Technical Director James A. Masar Senior EditorOREERENBBEYRUERSERE? HOESSG USER ER OE Seea: Sarees ek ease TRE te seEseoReeREaR EE ELELUECEEEELLLH REESE C098 eRe: 800-028 ¥ BPeee eee eouegeesevaacsed RT ROI HS ww SEAT RS STAIN 1] NTH TONING RICH HURON 6 TONE woven o2e v ABPee! ‘Suggested torque values rat bolts and ength = 121 jad = 85,000 psi aero wargaria 252963 jesesm2e 251020 sise groste a2zanes S57900e9 540-1220, 75.108 106-147 Srrspraos 67089 2961805620 619817 Ps = o-7ary Cy Cod w3/m0) ing torque ‘misrange 206 InTorque-tensioning. -Part IV For Metric Property Classes “A trident tcl i avy oy, and te by anyone i ete, cote pot anon a tok of ht rar fra cima wig rho fe Ti bade deemed fort prot ants The wee equation reining compan Sof ASTM sp ‘Method No Te Beeause of vari the conditions beadequate to ees re ned bole, experiment ‘Suggested assembly torques for metric fasteners (inmetrc unite for metric calibrated wrenches and instruments) aa That Tas Tao Trg Ta Togs — [| —_ tri Hy | iH mw] | 2.) | oe kee [kas ee ee [rets) BE) kez | ens we | hm hn wo [ka | 8 | we | ue 05 = = a ‘am Te oa Si S| 52 Ta woz [oa | ies | 125) Tar, aie as | Zr ‘Sfp |e at aa [wee feo a meats as ios zt aoa [370 [700 ig as [aa — [se eas ras SPs 0 MPa SOO‘Suggested assembly torque for metric fasteners Ainmote units for mete salbatedypanches and instrument) IEXIS 216 “ie Tae is 10 oa ina feet] sn |g] ag P| Pc Y OE ae eis | ™ vers |) mez fr Xa. a "se gan coring i ae, avd Gs 23st au Cy oe al mai, a el ice ee aden cordate sutg sweatin sor om, imamionetaon Sq rent = 0 T85Y CO-tSEP sion of Assembly Torques For Metric Fasteners into inch/Pound Tae i) Hl r | Beas el is TEaESL SSIES. ContaFastener Technology International BUYERS' GUIDE source for the fastener industy. The Guide presents the most accurate and current normed! prt, capital equipment ana accoseores for producing ! Over, 800 companiee| Broducteategoros. In addition ul {telephone number and or each company is inluded EC eee Stow, OH 44224 VisalMasterCard #Torque-tensioning...Part v Suggested torque values for plastic fasteners, inch, and metric series a | [Nylon 6/6 machine srewsinch sees "Nomina ‘sate ‘din “40 24 inoz 632 3D ine es 028 6 is 1022 7 lbs sa0 Bins [Nylon hex nuts-meti series ae major Unite Nylon 6/6 cap serensinch series diame mt ——tomue ‘Nelo! ‘ite ‘tend plc sew se ‘erase 35 KOS ere 0Torque tensioning -.. Part VII is Suggested torque values for stainless steel and nonferrous fasteners (inch series)Torque-tensioning...Part Ix Jurn-of-the-nut tightening \dvisory only, anditsuse by Fwd bearing sfc s the the bothole to aginst te ‘may olen excond compressive yield Stengiof he oe sure in many applications, servi stress may be sch rail Garston othe olthan hatin wrasvesse igh clot onion er out i age tte ne YC‘Torque Tensioning.. set the oer Degrees of nut rotation from “snug” condition Jamt thickness SAEGnue2 SAE Grade SAE Grae 8 Upto andi Tig @ = Adee rian box corer Deltsat a eoe. ialonshex comer” Fig 9-10-derexrlaon—ex corner Pnteat o'oaEEE Torque-tensioning Part Il Ww Torque-tension relationships for ‘SAE Grades 2, 5, and 8 Jc clamp loud for a 0.25020 SAE Grae 2 bot Sof otiead ress af 38600 ps male by Bue ‘noe fom he one eae of ees Sm "nd sgh low yd Tensile strength = 74000 Prootfoad tess = 33.000 ene stes hp my “Seem, coos anno S800 ‘073-72 00278 92138 Ne | 07384 00283 87-130 forse ‘tome : sees ete 2 N29 Sea nso ois aa ‘ose few ome me ive er out seouee fied deloped tom Saban a fy ren joa is also known a8 preload or i 3182 1080-1575 ae i teens Tetaert teatro Cateulatd tightening torgues fr bot fons eraate | stating era rales eo oe evans tanaor ‘ep osama nan Sitges seers aso Si) iam yone e808 a) mae some feeb ‘ane oes 2ss08 rd Son Tssrner Seat ‘37296 18,021-28,531 185-257 - Sao Towisses tae ‘Fastener Tectnology!December 1987