International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)
IOT BASED REAL TIME PEOPLE
COUNTING SYSTEM FOR
SMART BUILDINGS
M.S. Sruthi
Assistant Professor, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore
ABSTRACT
Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly expanding technology
area that is shaping up to bring the next revolution in
information systems and computing technologies with
intelligence to communicate between devices without the
human intervention. Implement IoT to count the people in the
buildings using PIR sensors with Raspberry pi. With the
proliferation of IoT Devices such as smart phones, sensors,
actuators, cameras, and RFID etc. It is possible to collect
massive amount of data for localization and counting of people
within commercial buildings. PIR(passive infrared radiation)
sensors are used for the detection of existence of the persons
and it will count the people in the buildings entering. When PIR
sensors detects an object, it actuates the webcam and lighting
system connected with PIR. The Webcam will start to record
and store the video in secure server for effective analysis.
1.INTRODUCTION
Recent advances in data gathering and analysis are opening up
new possibilities for smart building technology.Smart building
development focuses on defining and incorporating intelligent
information infrastructure into the building architechture and
power management for network systems. Also developing
simple,flexible, and scalable network systems for buildings.
The rate of increase in resource consumption needs to
improving and rolling out digital infrastructure and digital
services. smart buildings will be crucial to maintaining quality
of life as urban populations rise and natural resources scarcity.
People counting is one of the key components in smart building
applications for accurately counting traffic that enters to the
building or facility empowers organizations to make smarter
business decisions. People counting system creates the basis
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for a range of high-tech solutions, including retail analytics,
queue management and security applications. The systems
provide actionable information that help organizations to
increase profitability and improve operational efficiency.
Managers have been looking more data to draw conclusions
about their customers. There are a lot of factors that have to
come together for a visitor to become a customer. In addition
to this even more has to be known to maintain customers loyal.
One of the most important data a store manager can look at is
the traffic rate. Because traffic is the real potential of a store.
People who come into your shops are close to buying
something as they ever can. In order to understand and analyze
their potential, retailers and shopping malls started with manual
counters and tried different technologies like beam sensors,
thermal cameras and many more that came afterwards. The
reasons to implement people counters in smart buildings are
Measuring traffic trends, determine conversion ratio, evaluate
effectiveness, optimize staff labor, and people counting
leasing. It is possible to collect massive amount of data for
localization and tracking of people within commercial
buildings. PIR sensors are used for the detection of existence
of the persons and it will count the people in the buildings
entering.
2.INTERNET OF THINGS FOR PEOPLE
COUNTING
The Internet of Things is a paradigm where everyday objects
can be equipped with identifying, sensing, networking and
processing capabilities that will allow them to communicate
between devices and services over the Internet to achieve some
objective.
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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)
Sl Properties First Second Third People counting provides powerful data to improve site
.n generation generation generation performance.strategically placed PIR sensor with webcam and
o lighting system within a facility provide data on how many
people are using the space, how often they are using it and at
1 Technology Infrared Thermal Video &
what times. Also it identify wasted space and over-used space.
beam counters WiFi
counters counters
3. TECHNOLOGIES
A vast global network of data-generating devices such as
2 Working horizontal Array use actuators, sensors, and their URLs, known collectively as the
principle infrared sensors complex ‘Internet of Things’. Underlying monitoring and
beam detect heat algorithms communication infrastructure that consists of integration of
across an sources. perform smart devices such as sensors, cameras, RFIDs, meters, and
entrance Typically counting actuators. These smart devices, with the communication
which is implemente using infrastructure, are referred to as Internet of Things (IOT).
linked to a d using camera Sensors are increasingly being installed in buildings to gather
small LCD embedded imaging data about movement, heat, light and space usage. In this
display technology Wifi people counting system can use PIR sensors to detecting the
unit at the Counting existence of the persons and it will count the people in the
side of the functionalit buildings entering. PIR sensor motion detector is very easy
doorway y collects interfered by the varies of heat sources, and sunlight so PIR is
WiFi probe more suitable for the movement detection of objects. It does
request not emit the infrared rays, it receives the emitted infrared ray
signals by objects.
Many different technologies are used in people counting
3 Advantage low cost ‘Master and Achieve devices, such as infrared beams, thermal imaging, computer
and node’ 98% vision, and wifi counting and many other motion detection
simplicity configuratio Accuracy, methods. The state-of-the-art technology for people counting
of n provides Potential is based on video-based counting. This technology allows to
installation more privacy and reach the highest accuracy and other advanced metrics that its
. accurate security predecessors could not.
counting on issues with
wide the taking 4. IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED REAL-
entrances. of video TIME PEOPLE COUNTING SYSTEM FOR
images. SMART BUILDINGS
4 Limitations Used only It cannot be Sensitive to
for outdoor mounted on changes in
4.1 Architecture
installation a high image
An architecture of iot based real-time people counting
, due to it ceiling, background
System for smart buildings is shown in fig 4.1. in this system
adopts Thermal , such as
consists a PIR sensor along with webcam and a lighting system.
transmitter counters can floor colour
PIR sensor detects the change in infrared radiation of moving
and only cover a and other
object.The lens on the sensor focuses any infrared Radiation
receiver narrow door background
present around it towards the infrared sensor. Our bodies
theory for entrance, features,
Generate infrared heat and as a result this gets picked up by the
detection. Difficult to which can
PIR Sensor. The sensor outputs a 5v signal for a period when
verify the cause
it detects the presence of a person.
accuracy. miscounts

Table 3.1 Comparison between different technologies

84
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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)
Fig 4.1 An architecture of iot based real-time people
counting System for smart buildings
When the PIR Sensor detects a person, the generated
voltage amplified and used to turn on the webcam and lighting
system connect along with PIR. When the webcam gets turned
on, start to capture and record video and the video passed to
raspberry pi. The Raspberry pi is well programmed using
python in order to send the information to a secure server with
connection protocol IPV6. The remote server collects all the
informations and stores to the corresponding tables in the
predefined database for analysis. And we define what the
raspberry pi should do as it detects an Intruder through python
coding. Here we are just printing: “intruder Detected”. Once
the intruder moves out of the detection range of the PIR sensor,
the webcam and the light gets turn off.
5. CHALLENGES IN PEOPLE COUNTING
SYSTEM
• People must be detected in highly dynamic scenes, since
motion is generally very high shortly before approaching and
during stops.
• People must be identified in public transportation scenarios,
which includes a wide range of illumination, fast changing
lighting conditions that decrease the quality of sensed
information.
• people standing close to each other or partially occluding each
other and appearance in the context of clustered background.
• The appearance of people yields high variability in pose,
texture, and size range. In addition, people can carry different
objects and wear different clothes.
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• Appearance at different viewing angles resulting in
perspective distortion.
6. APPLICATIONS
▪ It is mainly used in shopping malls and supermarkets,
helping stores to identify customer trends, staffing
requirements, conversion rate and more.
▪ In Industry.to deliver significant savings for our end
users.
▪ Helps in occupancy monitoring of smart building.
▪ It is beneficial for hospitals and museums.
▪ Counting people at airports and railway stations
delivers valuable data about footfall,reatail
opportunities and more.
▪ In hotels, to improve customer service.
7. CONCLUSION
A novel people counting system with IoT via infrared sensor
which detects the change in infrared radiation of warm blooded
moving objects. According to the change in the infrared
radiation, the sensor outputs a 5V signal for a certain period
when sensor detects the presence of person. The generated
voltage is amplified and turn ON the webcam and lighting
system. When the webcam gets turned on,start to capture and
record video and the video passed to raspberry pi connect
along with sensor and webcam. The Raspberry pi is well
programmed using python in order to send the information to a
secure server with connection protocol IPV6. The remote
server collects all the informations and stores to the
corresponding tables in the predefined database for analysis.
Once the intruder moves out of the detection range of the PIR
sensor, the webcam and the light gets turn off.
This system provides actionable information that help
organizations increase profitability and enhance operational
efficiency.It helps to determine how much sales revenue is
being generated, how much staff is needed and analyze
effectiveness to make proper business decisions.
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Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)

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