Pamantasan NG Lungsod NG Muntinlupa College of Arts and Sciences

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
College of Arts and Sciences
The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Aggressive

Behavior Among Selected First Year Information Technology
Students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa
An undergraduate thesis submitted to

The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa
Muntinlupa City
In partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the degree of
Bachelor of Science, Major in Psychology
by:
Gelane N. Geca
Lyka O. Gonzalo
Milogean T. Odapin
November 2019
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Internet is an imperative sharing instrument, as often as possible utilized by
various fragments of the general public. Internet use has been a need for
correspondence, research, and amusement. Its fame has been expanding around the
world. Internet is one of the critical variables affecting young people in our
Contemporary World as a broad communications cooperation instrument. This impact,
as expressed by Ko et al., may lead youths to practices which can be risky to emotional
wellness and society, for example, aggression.
Unreasonable utilization of the Internet has both interior and outside impacts
for people. The inside yield is the mental and passionate part and identity issues that
may emerge, for example, diminished mental prosperity for unreasonable clients
according to research findings. The outside impact alludes to the usefulness of the
people and the issues related with diminished exercises, in actuality, and negligible to
non-existent interaction with the social environment. The inordinate utilization of
Internet may prompt poor associations with loved ones, absence of enthusiasm for day
by day life and disregard of residential, scholastic, proficient and different obligations
that bit by bit lead to a markdown of the personal satisfaction. Other than the previously
mentioned dangers of wrong Internet use, the advantages of the Internet are various and
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add to advance to the human prosperity in all areas. It offers a brisk access to data and
encourages correspondence, giving diversion, training and help with medicinal issues.
Unfortunately, it offers obscurity that can make it similarly risky, particularly for
youthful clients. Therefore, people ought to know about and guarantee the correct
utilization of the Internet, so it won't antagonistically influence their own lives and their
thriving.
The researchers are intrigued to see whether internet addiction affects one's
aggressive behavior, especially on senior high school students. These days, youngsters
and youthful grown-ups are particularly dependent to the internet.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the relationship between Internet Addiction and
Aggressive behavior of selected first year Information Technology students of
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. Specifically, it sought answer to the following
questions:
1. What is the level of Internet Addiction of the Respondents in terms of the
following:
1.1 Compulsive Symptoms
1.2 Withdrawal Symptoms
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1.3 Tolerance Symptoms
1.4 Interpersonal and Health Problems
1.5 Time Management Problems
2. What is the level of Aggressive Behavior of the Respondents in terms of the
following:
2.1 Physical Aggression
2.2 Verbal Aggression
2.3 Anger
2.4 Hostility
3 Is there a significant relationship between the Internet addiction and Aggressive
behavior of the respondents?
Hypothesis
Ho: There is no significant relationship between Internet addiction and Aggressive
behavior of the respondents.
Theoretical Framework
Social Learning Theory, theorized by Albert Bandura, places that individuals
gain from each other, by means of perception, impersonation, and demonstrating. The
hypothesis has frequently been known as a scaffold among behaviorist and cognitive
learning theories since it includes consideration, memory, and inspiration. Individuals
learn through watching others' conduct, frames of mind, and results of those behaviors.
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"Most human conduct is found out observationally through demonstrating: from
watching others, one structures a thought of how new practices are performed, and on
later events this coded data fills in as a guide for activity." (Bandura). Social learning
theory clarifies human conduct as far as nonstop proportional association between
subjective, social, and ecological impacts.
Aggression can be directly learned through operant molding, including positive
and negative support and discipline. Bandura suggested that aggression can likewise be
learnt by the roundabout component of observational learning. Social learning
hypothesis keeps up that kids learn through a procedure of impersonation. Aggressive
acts did by a good example will be disguised by an individual and replicated later on.
On the off chance that the good example's conduct apparently is compensated, at that
point a kid can discover this is a viable method for getting what they need. Through this
procedure of vicarious support, compensates that are seen because of hostility result in
the conduct being viewed as adequate and afterward recreated.
The Buss– Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BP-AQ) is a 29-item, four-factor
instrument that estimates physical aggression, verbal hostility, outrage, and antagonistic
vibe. An expansive number of contending renditions of the first BP-AQ have been
proffered in the literature yet testing with aggressive offenders is constrained. The study
discovered two comparative tightfisted 12-item renditions of the four-factor BP-AQ
that beat different models and fit the information well while holding worthy
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dependability. Taken together, unrivaled psychometric properties, satisfactory
dependability, and diminished thing load are properties that obviously bolster the
utilization of both of these 12-item adaptations. The overall benefits of these shorter
forms of the BP-AQ are analyzed and suggestions for their utilization in connected
settings and further research are considered.
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Conceptual Framework
Internet Addiction Aggressive Behavior
First Year Information

Technology Students
Figure 1
This diagram shows that First Year Information Technology students may have
Internet Addiction and that Internet Addiction can lead to have an Aggressive Behavior.
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Significance of the Study
This study will be beneficial to the following individuals:
Students. As students, they may be presented to over the top internet use. The result of
this study may enable them to see how internet addiction influence aggressive behavior.
Parents. This study could enable them to instruct and illuminate their kids on the
significance regarding constraining their utilization of the internet. In this way, they
could appropriately direct their kids and offer advices to enable them to anticipate
internet addiction.
Teachers. Teachers can be one of one of the beneficiaries of this study as this can help
them assess their student’s aggressive behavior.
School Administration. This study can also benefit the School Administration, it will
give them an idea on what programs will they offer to reduce aggressiveness on their
students.
Future Researchers. This study could serve as a reference for further improvements
to be done in their study in relation to their research especially on the effects of Internet
addiction on the aggressive behavior of the students
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Scope and Limitations of the Study
The focus of this research primarily is to know whether internet addiction has
an effect on aggressive behavior. The respondents of the study were selected First Year
Information Technology students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa during
Academic Year 2019 – 2020. The primary reason why the said locale was chosen is
because the university is a significant area for the researchers, aside from facility of
access to the resources. Also, the College of Information Technology and Computer
Studies in said university has a large population. On the other hand, according to
Kahwaji, Menon, and Narayanan (2018), college students were showing higher internet
usage as they are more exposed to it. Preceding this, other institutions and people that
are out of this coverage are excluded in determining the effects of internet addicion on
aggressive behavior.
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Definition of Terms
As words may mean differently in different contexts, the following were
operationally defined based on how it was used in the study.
Aggressive Behavior can cause physical or emotional harm to others. It may range
from verbal abuse to physical abuse. It can also involve harming personal property.
Internet Addiction is a mental condition characterized by excessive use of the internet,
usually to the detriment of the user.
Physical aggression is behavior causing or threatening physical harm towards others.
It includes hitting, kicking, biting, using weapons, and breaking toys or other
possessions.
Verbal aggression is defined as any threat or comment directed towards others that
indicates any form of physical harm to another person
Anger is an emotion characterized by antagonism toward someone or something you
feel has deliberately done you wrong.
Hostility is a negative evaluation of persons and things (Buss, 1961), often
accompanied by a clear desire to do harm or to aggrede them (Kaufmann, 1970).
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents a review of journals, articles, studies, and relevant literature
that could support this study. The researchers gathered needed information from books
and electronic resources, among others.
Foreign Literature
As indicated by Hartney (2019), in the unlikely event that Internet addiction
caused no mischief, there would be no issue. However, when excessive internet use
ends up being addictive, something begins to suffer. People might not have any genuine
individual connections, or the ones they do might be ignored or suffer arguments over
their Internet use. She added that Internet addiction is becoming widely perceived and
recognized, especially in nations where it is influencing expansive quantities of
individuals, for example, South Korea, where it has been proclaimed a national health
problem. Most of the researches regarding the matter of Internet addiction has been
done in Asia. It is likewise a growing concern in developed nations in North America
and Europe. Internet addiction is concerning for kids and teens in particular. Children
come up short on the learning and awareness to appropriately deal with their own
internet use and have no clue about the potential damages that the internet can open
them up to. Most of the kids have access to the internet as majority of them owns a
cellphone, while this may reassure that they can have two-way contact in case of an
emergency, there may be risks that that this consistent access to the Internet can open
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them to. Children have become increasingly exposed to lengthy periods of time
connected to the Internet, disconnecting them from the world around them. When
online, they have increased risk of involvement in cyberbullying, both as a victim and
as a perpetrator.
In Hudner’s (2019) opinion, over-dependancy by children on their devices is
going to prompt issues later on, of that she has no doubt. Internet addiction disorder
(IAD) is on the increase around the world, and what is more stressing is that research
is proving that those who have IAD have a higher probability to also suffer from other
disorders as they grow up such as depression, sleep disorders and anger management.
She also recommends having a structured time allowance per day or per week for
children to use the internet to engage with their friends, play games and learn.
Likewise, Merritt (2018) is concerned over the effects of Internet addiction. She
wonders what will happen with our spiritual lives. As she would see it, techies build
social media platforms so that we will end up dependent on them. So, as they could
earn more from the advertisers who need proof of an audience. In order to get as many
eyeballs as possible, techies studied the brain science surrounding addiction in other
areas of our lives. Aditionally, she mentioned that addiction is as much about the
negative as it is about the negative.
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Moreover, Devkota (2019) expressed that as opposed to connecting individuals,
she believes that like elsewhere in the world, internet is making Nepali users lonelier,
unhappy, insensitive and unproductive. Internet addiction among the youth seems to be
a result not of the need to communicate through the Net, but of habit formation. Internet
addiction can also lead to insomnia, which invites further health problems like
migraines, anxiety and depression, Also, internet addiction makes users aggressive and
can contribute to crime.
On the contrary, Ferguson (2018), stated that while some evidence recommends
that there might be a connection between violent video games and aggression under
probably a few conditions, such effects are very little and probably not going to be a
primary cause of real-world aggression. Also, relatively little is thought about the
boundary conditions, mediators, and moderators of the relationship between violent
video games and aggression. With such a restricted comprehension, it is hard to
appropriately describe the relationship between violent game use and aggression,
particularly in regard to factors that might stifle or worsen the relationship.
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Local Literature
According to Rappler (2017), in the Philippines, about 60 million – or 58% of
the total population – have access to the internet. Which made the country to be slightly
above the global internet penetration average of 50%, and higher than the rate in
countries such as China and Vietnam with 53%. The report said the number of internet
users in the Philippines has grown by 27% in the past 12 months. And when Filipinos
go online, they tend to hang around, specifically for 8 hours and 9 minutes every day
on average – the highest in the world.
Aguilar (2019) recently reported that the Philippines is the top country
worldwide for the most time spent on the internet. Users from the Philippines averagely
spend about 10 hours and 2 minutes on the internet daily by means of any gadget. Next
to the Philippines is Brazil, with internet usage time average of 9 hours and 29 minutes;
and Thailand, who was 2018’s top internet user, with average of 9 hours and 11
minutes. According to the report, internet users from the Philippines also spend the
most time on social media, averaging 4 hours and 12 minutes, while the average time
spent worldwide is only 2 hours and 16 minutes.
In 2014, Nano and Navalez warned the public about the excessive use of
internet, specifically on online games. They reported that most of the internet users
often forget to eat on time and would even fail to sleep. They added that teens have
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been reported to be violent even towards their parents. Nano and Navalez ended their
report with a warnng to the public on how parents play an important role in avoiding
their children to use the internet excessively.
In line with this, Salce (2013) acknowledge the importance of internet especially
among teens, since it has almost all the information that they need. However, if it is
used excessively, some things may be sacrificed or ignored like one’s health. Salce
wonders what the future will be for teens who are addicted with the internet. He
mentioned that most of the teens prefer to cut classes because of this. He also warned
the teens on how excessive use of internet harms their eyes and even their mind.
Lerona (2016), pointed out the proper use of internet. In his article, he
mentioned that we should remember that internet, specifically the social media, is a
public place. People should be careful on whatever they are posting, reading, and
playing. Also, people should remember that social media is a place to connect with
other people, so they must maintain peace. Lerona added that not everything that we
see or read in the internet are true and people should read the article first before sharing
or even commenting. Lerona ended the article with a reminder to be always responsible
at all times.
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Foreign Studies
Diomidous et al. (2016) stated that the spread of the Internet and the growing
influence of it constitute a dominant element in the lives of users, led to the exploration
of the consequences that may cause the continuous use of the internet in the physical
and mental development of both young people and adults. Questions arise about how
certain personality characteristics and up to which point the social and family situation
and the existing of psychiatric disorders may influence the use of the Internet and may
lead to the misuse of it. Excessive use of the Internet has both internal and external
effects for users. The internal output is the psychological and emotional sector and
personality problems that may arise, such as reduced psychological wellbeing for
excessive users according to research findings. The external influence refers to the
functionality of the user and the problems associated with reduced activities in real life
and minimal to non- existent interaction with the social environment. The excessive use
of Internet may lead to poor relationships with friends and family, lack of interest in
daily life and neglect of domestic, academic, professional and other responsibilities that
gradually lead to a discount of the quality of life.
Fengqiang, Jie, Lei and Yueqiang (2016) cited that individuals can get violence
behaviors unknowingly and decrease the inhibition of violence in the Internet violence
for quite a while, with the goal that the aggression will be strenthened. The higher scores
of negative life occasions implied the more elevated amount of aggression. Negative
life events can cause frustration for individuals. People who were addicted on the
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internet and invest a great deal of time and energy on the Internet, got less social
support. At the same time, they would encounter increasingly negative life occasions
and pressure from family, study, work and communication.
As indicated by Bubnova et al. (2017), Internet addiction in general is a complex
phenomenon, which refers to a scope of conduct issues and control over impulses.
Social network, thus, are a unique method for communication and a method for
searching people. It can push us to always be in contact or to discover news about the
general population with whom we encircle ourselves. Internet addiction can be of
different kinds, including Internet dependence on social networks. The social network
is a collection of participants, united not only by the medium of communication, but
also by the social ties between them. In any case, numerous people are addicted to
communication in social networks, because there is a substitution of genuine
connections in the virtual world, and even with knowledge of an addiction, it isn't
constantly conceivable to dispose of it. It is simple, reasonable, and at first look, safe,
worry of the present issues in the virtual life bit by bit raises passionate lack of
approachability, which diminishes communicarion in reality and hinders the formation
of personality, breaking its integrity, stability and the development of social experience.
That is why the prevention of Internet addiction, framing a genuine picture of the real
world and the spot of the "I", is essential for students. We can find in the preventive
measures implemented jointly by all the educational participants’ relations, an answer
for this issue.
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Aggression is a common wonder with significant expense in our society. The
unsafe impacts of aggression are reported in the media on a daily basis and individuals
can perceive the social significance of aggression through the media. Ironically, an
estimated 10% to 30% of violence in the society can be credited to the effect of media
violence, in spite of the fact that it is debatable whether the media is a significant factor
of violence. Among different types of modern media, one of the most influential forms
is the Internet.
In the study conducted by Lim et al. (2014), their resopondents completed series
of tests and questionnaires. The result of the study showed that the score of the internet
addiction test correlates with the aggression questionnaire. Therefore, they concluded
that Internet addiction is significantly correlated with aggression as well as in
impulsiveness and clinical states in adolescents.
Additionally, Lim et al. (2015) found out that people with Internet Addiction
Disorder are more disposed to aggression than those who are nonaddicted ones. They
have concluded that if more aggressive individual is prone to Internet Addiction, early
psychiatric interventions that target both level of aggression and clinical status should
assist in the prevention and treatment of Internet Addiction Disorder.
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Local Studies
Based on the study conducted by Marcial (2013), Internet addiction in the
Philippines exist. His study reveals a weighted mean of 4.07 (very often) on the
statement about spending a lot of time thinking about social media or plan to use social
media. Oftentimes, students fail on their endevour to stop using social media. It also
revealed that using social media has a negative impact on their academic studies. Lastly,
the study shows that the respondents are greatly restless or very unlikely to be fine if
prohibited from using social media.
On the other hand, Carcillar (2017) examined the effect of internet use on the
cognitive gain among indigenous secondary students. The study aims to determine the
relationship between internet use as an educational communication tool, to discover
how indigenous students use the internet as an educational communication for learning
and to find out the response of indigenous students when using the internet as an
educational communication tool for learning. After processing the data collected, the
study found that internet use has an effect in increasing the knowledge or cognitive gain
of the indigenous students who have participated in the study.
Talabis and Ocampo (2017) have concluded that there is a significant moderate
association between the time spent on the internet and the narcissm among their
respondents, while other risk factors showed no significant association with the time
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spent online. However, even though the associations were not significant, aggression
was shown to have a weak association with time spent online, while self-esteem and
life satisfaction have a weak association with time spent online.
Another study conducted by Waldo (2014) indicates that the level of aggression
occurs more on people who are addicted to the internet. He had found out that although
adolescents have good psychological well-being and acceptable levels of spiritual
intelligence, adolescents appear socially desiable at an average level and are frequent
online user. It is also noted that males are more likely to be addicted to the internet than
femaes.
Hechanova and Go (2014) revealed a seven-component taxonomy of Internet
use in the Philippines which are expression and interaction, basic internet use,
recreation, news and information, school-related activities, e-commerce and technology
deviance. In addition, whereas past studies tended to focus on problematic outcomes of
Internet, their study highlights both positive and negative outcomes. Results show that
Internet use has benefits including greater productivity and personal enhancement.
However, when carried to the extreme, Internet use can also lead to social harm and
addictive tendencies.
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Synthesis
The synthesis is a brief account of how similar or different the related literature
and studies to the current research undertaking.
According to studies conducted abroad and in local setting, internet addiction
has been a major concern among adolescent and teens. Internet addiction iis becoming
widely perceived and recognized, especially in nations where it is influencing
expansive quantities of individuals (Hartney, 2019)
Lim et al. have found out that people with Internet Addiction Disorder are more
disposed to aggression than those who are nonaddicted ones. Similar to the study of
Waldo who indicated that the level of aggression occurs more on people who are
addicted to the internet. (Lim et al., 2014; Waldo, 2014).
On the other hand, two or more studies explained that internet addiction has a
small effect on aggressive behavior (Ferguson, 2018) and aggression was shown to have
weak association with the time spent online. (Talabis and Ocampo, 2017).
The effects of Internet Addiction on the Aggressive Behavior were further
elaborated in a study conducted by Lim et al on 2015.
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explains the research design adapted in the study. Among the topics
included in this chapter are discussion of the research locale, research sampling design,
data gathering tool, data gathering procedure and data analysis plan.
Research Design
Correlational research design was used due to the nature of the study.
Correlational research design is the research design used by the researchers since it
seeks to understand what kind of relationships naturally occurring variables have with
one another. Correlational research aims to know whether there is (a) Positive
Correlation, (b) Negative Correlation, or (c) Zero Correlation.
Quantitative data includes close-ended information such as that found to
measure attitudes, behaviors and performance instruments. The analysis of this type of
data consists of statistically analyzing scores collected on instruments or checklist to
answer research questions or to test the hypothesis. The researchers used the
quantitative data to measure the internet addiction and aggressiveness of the
respondents. The researchers used the Chen Internet Addcition Scale and Buss-Perry
Aggression questionnaire for quantitative data.
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Sampling Design
The research utilized a type of probability sampling design, specifically, the
random sampling design in gathering participants for the study. Gravetter and Forzano
(2011) stated that “the logic behind simple random sampling is that it removes bias
from the selection procedure and should result in representative samples”. This
statement implies the way the research sample must be tied to their objectives.
Research Instrument
The researchers will use the following instruments to gather the necessary data
regarding the effects of Internet Addiction on the Aggressive Behavior of seleced first
year information technology students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa.
Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS)
The first instrument that will be used by the researcher is the CIAS by Ms. Sue-
Huei Chen. The CIAS is a four-point, 26-item self-reported scale assessing five
dimensions of Internet-related symptoms and problems, including the following:
1. Compulsive symptoms (Com)
2. Withdrawal Symptoms (Wit)
3. Tolerance Symptoms (Tol)
4. Interpersonal and Health Problems (IH)
5. Time Management Symptoms (TM)
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The total score of the CIAS ranges from 26–84. Higher CIAS scores indicate
increased severity of addiction to Internet activity. The internal reliability of the scale
and the sub-scales in the original study ranged from 0.79–0.93 (Chen et al., 2003). In
the present study, the Cronbach’s a of CIAS was 0.94 for the total score, 0.87 for Sym-
C, 0.87 for Sym-W, 0.85 for Sym-T, 0.89 for RP-IH, and 0.85 for RP-TM. Correlation
analyses yielded significantly positive correlation of total scale and subscale scores of
CIAS with weekly hours spent on Internet activity (Lai, et al., 2005).
Scoring: The minimum and maximum scores of the CIAS are 26 and 104. Higher
scores indicate a more severe level of Internet addiction. Respondents with scores of 64
and above were considered to be at a high risk of Internet addiction; students with scores
equal to or higher than 68 points were suspected to have Internet addiction (Ko, 2009).
Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ)
The second instrument that will be used by the researchers will be the Buss-
Perry Aggression Questionnaire by Arnold Buss and Mark Perry (1992). It has 29 items
which are subdivided into four factors.
1. Physical aggression (9 items)
2. Verbal aggression (5 items)
3. Anger (8 items)
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4. Hostility (8 items)
Using factor analysis, the four factors of anger, physical and verbal aggression,
resentment and suspicion were extracted. The test-retest reliability of this questionnaire
was 0.78 (Samani, 2008).
Scoring: For each of the following 29 statements, participants will rate how
characteristic it is for them.
Research Procedure
Since the participants were under College of Information Technology and
Computer Studies department of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa, researchers
must obtain permission from the Dean of the said department. After obtaining the
approval, researchers looked for possible participants. In order to gather data, the
questionnaires were personally distributed to the participants. An informed consent
form was attached to the questionnaires whereby the nature of the study was explained
to the participants. The questionnaires were then collected, and the completed
questionnaires were later analyzed. The actual survey was conducted during the
participants’ break time in order not to disturb their studies. After collecting the
questionnaires, the data was analyzed.
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Statistical Treatment of Data
The data will be treated as follows:
1. Likert Scale will be used to measure whether the response of the participant is
negative or positive. A Likert scale is a rating scale, often found on survey
forms, that measures how people feel about something. It includes a series of
questions that you ask people to answer, and ideally 5-7 balanced responses
people can choose from. It often comes with a neutral midpoint.
2. Mean will be used to determine the extent of the participant’s exposure on the
internet and how aggressive they are. Mean implies average and it is the sum of
a set of data divided by the number of data. Mean can prove to be an effective
tool when comparing different sets of data; however, this method might be
disadvantaged by the impact of extreme values.
3. Standard Deviation is a measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a
set of values. A low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close
to the mean of the set, while a high standard deviation indicates that the values
are spread out over a wider range.
4. Pearson correlation coefficient will be used to determine the relationship
between internet addiction and the aggressive behavior of the respondents. It is
the test statistics that measures the statistical relationship, or association,
between two continuous variables. It is known as the best method of measuring
the association between variables of interest because it is based on the method
of covariance.
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Chapter 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the data of this study as well as its analysis. It answers the
questions that were raised in Chapter 1.
Descriptive Statistics
Table 1
Indicates the level of Internet Addiction Sub scales of the Respondents
MEAN SD INTERPRETATION
INTERNET ADDICTION 67.34 14.53 High
Compulsive Symptoms 12.8 3.432 High
Withdrawal Symptoms 12.74 3.205 High
Tolerance Symptoms 10.65 2.691 High
Interpersonal and Health Problems 18.23 4.129 High
Time Management Problems 12.92 3.443 High
Table 1 presents the respondents’ high level of internet addiction and
shows that respondents are getting more dependent on internet use. According to Young
(1995), internet addiction is defined as any online-related, compulsive behavior which
interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends, loved ones,
and one's work environment.
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The High level of Compulsive use of internet indicates a maladaptive
relationship with the internet, including loss of control over the use, the use for mood
change and withdrawal symptoms. Individuals who have reported a high levelof
compulsive use are at high risk of suffering from isolation, depression and anxiety
(BPS, 2014)
Seo, Kang and Yom (2009), stated that internet-addicted adolescents
also had more interpersonal and health problems. They suggested to raise awareness
about internet addiction. While, Cao et al. (2009) suggested that excessive internet use
often lead to heightened psychological arousal and result in health problems.
Tolerance and withdrawal assume a focal job in keeping up the addictive
cycle of behavior (Mendelson, Sholar, Mello, Teoh, and Sholar, 1998). The drive to
lessen aversive withdrawal states shapes the reason for dependence in negative support
models of addiction (Baker, Piper, McCarthy, Majeskie, and Fiore, 2004). In any case,
as West (2008) features, it is far from being obviously true how solid a sentiment of
want must be to consider longing for, similarly as it may be discretionary to classify a
diminishing feeling or requirement for an increase dose as tolerance.
The criterion of tolerance in DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder (IGD)
refers to a need for increasing time spent gaming. However, as Billieux, Schimmenti,
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Khazaal, Maurage, and Heeren (2015) stated, “the need to increase the time spent in a
specific behavior can be driven by various motives, especially at the early stages of
involvement, and these motives are mostly unrelated to tolerance symptoms” (p. 121).
High level in Time Management problems due to internet use indicates
that the respondents are more likely to face challenges in managing the time they spent
in doing things that help them achieve their goals and the things that they personally
prioritse and value (Oxford Brookes University, 2012).
Table 2
Indicates the level of Aggressive Behavior Sub scales of the Respondents
MEAN SD INTERPRETATION
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR 67.340 14.530 High
Physical Aggression 23.740 5.768 High
Verbal Aggression 14.940 3.749 High
Anger 19.210 4.437 High
Hostility 23.850 5.772 High
Table 2 presents the respondents’ high level of aggressive behavior and shows
that aggressive behavior is engaged in using Internet. According to Kendra Cherry
(2019), aggression refers to a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and
psychological harm to yourself, others, or objects in the environment.
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This type of behavior centers on harming another person either physically or
mentally. It can be a sign of an underlying mental health disorder, a substance use
disorder, or a medical disorder.
According to Kaye & Erdley (2011), physical aggression is behavior causing or
threatening physical harm towards others. It includes hitting, kicking, biting, using
weapons, and breaking toys or other possessions.
Verbal aggression is message behavior which attacks a person's self-concept in
order to deliver psychological pain (Infante, 1995), Very few studies were found to
examine verbal aggression in adults in the workplace. (Ebbesen, Duncan, Konecni,
1974) The consequences of verbal aggression in the workplace can lead to social
isolation, job related stress, health related problems, as well as problems in career
advancement.
As Chambers (1989) stated, Anger is a normal and natural emotion, which
probably all of us will feel at least at some point in our lives. is often associated with
heat or cold—we talk about feeling ‘hot with anger’ and recognise the idea of ‘cold
fury’. can be quite frightening, both in yourself and in others, because it can arrive
very suddenly, but also because it can cause very irrational and unpredictable
behaviours.
| 30
Hostile aggression is a type of aggression that is committed in response to a
perceived threat or insult. It is unplanned, reactionary, impulsive, and fueled by
intense emotion as opposed to desire to achieve a goal. Aggressors typically have a
sense of a loss of control during outbursts, and characteristically experience
physiologicalhyperarousal (Brosbe, 2011).
| 31
Table 3
Indicates the Relationship of Internet Addiction and Aggressive Behavior of the
Respondents
Correlations
Com Wit Tol IH TM PA VA Anger Hostility
Com Pearson Correlation 1 .756** .627** .615** .579** .251* .190 .280** .208*
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .012 .059 .005 .038
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Wit Pearson Correlation .756** 1 .700** .701** .644** .268** .218* .253* .266**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .007 .029 .011 .007
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Tol Pearson Correlation .627** .700** 1 .618** .668** .115 .180 .307** .295**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .254 .073 .002 .003
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
IH Pearson Correlation .615** .701** .618** 1 .796** .370** .262** .347** .417**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .008 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

** ** ** ** ** * **
TM Pearson Correlation .579 .644 .668 .796 1 .336 .227 .330 .423**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .001 .023 .001 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
PA Pearson Correlation .251* .268** .115 .370** .336** 1 .273** .503** .434**
Sig. (2-tailed) .012 .007 .254 .000 .001 .006 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
VA Pearson Correlation .190 .218* .180 .262** .227* .273** 1 .490** .609**
Sig. (2-tailed) .059 .029 .073 .008 .023 .006 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Anger Pearson Correlation .280** .253* .307** .347** .330** .503** .490** 1 .523**
Sig. (2-tailed) .005 .011 .002 .000 .001 .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Hostility Pearson Correlation .208* .266** .295** .417** .423** .434** .609** .523** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .038 .007 .003 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
| 32
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Table 3 shows the correlation between internet addiction and aggressive
behavior. The level of significance used in the study is at the 0.05 and 0.01 level and
the significant value was used to determine if there is enough evidence to predict if
internet addiction is correlated with aggressive behavior.
The Compulsive Symptoms has a weak positive correlation with Physical
Aggression (r=.251*). It shows that respondents have a weak tendency of engaging
into Physical aggressiveness repetitively or persistently. Anger (r=.280**) shows that
anger may result from frustration with their inability to prevent compulsive behavior,
or from interfering with their ability to carry out a habit. Hostility (r=.208**) shows
that respondents tend to express their anger and approach a certain situation with the
expectation of more negativity. On the other hand, Compulsive Symptoms is
insignificantly correlated with Verbal Aggression (r=.190) which indicates that
respondents are less likely to be verbally argumentative.
Based on the study conducted by Lim, et al. (2015), it was found that Internet
addiction predicted aggression in adolescents, irrespective of whether clinical factors
were considered. A previous study found that adolescents with Internet addiction were
more likely to demonstrate aggressive behavior and that various factors, including
| 33
computer-mediated social interaction, exposure to media violence, and entering a
deindividuated state during Internet activities, may be involved in the association
between Internet addiction and aggressive behavior. Their study also reported that
respondents with high level of internet addiction had the highest scores on all the
aggression scales, followed by the average internet users.
The Withdrawal Symptoms has a weak positive correlation with Hostility
(r=.295**). It shows that respondents who has problems in controlling themselves into
using the internet tends to be distant with others. Physical Aggression (r=.268**) and
Verbal Aggression (r=.218*) shows the more the respondents try to withdraw from
internet use, the more likely they can engage into physical and/or verbal aggressiveness.
Anger (r=.253*) also showed a weak positive correlation with withdrawal symptoms.
It indicates that the respondents tend to get mad easily whenever they withdraw from
using the internet.
According to a study conducted by Romano, et al. (2013), when heavy users of
internet go offline, they undergo withdrawal symptoms similar to those experienced by
drug users. Researchers reported a significantly greater drop in positive mood on group
of respondents that has higher-problem internet use compared to the respondents that
has lower-problem internet use. Researchers stated that it is also worth suggesting that
the negative impact on mood could be considered as akin to withdrawal effect.
| 34
The Tolerance Symptoms has a moderate positive correlation with Anger
(r=.307**). This means that respondents who have a need for increasing time spent
using the internet is more likely to feel more irritable and easily be angered. Hostility
(r=.295**) has a weak positive correlation with Tolerance Symptoms. It shows that
people who are more distant are predicted to be non-compliant of rules online and tend
to spend more time online than usual. Physical Aggression (r=.115) and Verbal
Aggression (r=.180) shows an insignificant correlation with the Tolerance Symptoms
which means that although most of the respondents usually take longer time online than
they are supposed to, it does not necessarily mean that they are likely to be
argumentative verbally and physically.
| 35
Correlations
IATotal AggTotal
IATotal Pearson Correlation 1 .430**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
AggTotal Pearson Correlation .430** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 100 100
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
| 36
| 37
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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

College of Arts and Sciences

The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Aggressive

An undergraduate thesis submitted to

In partial fulfilment of the requirements

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Internet is an imperative sharing instrument, as often as possible utilized by

Contemporary World as a broad communications cooperation instrument. This impact,

wellness and society, for example, aggression.

non-existent interaction with the social environment. The inordinate utilization of

and youthful grown-ups are particularly dependent to the internet.

Statement of the Problem

Aggressive behavior of selected first year Information Technology students of

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. Specifically, it sought answer to the following

1. What is the level of Internet Addiction of the Respondents in terms of the

1.1 Compulsive Symptoms

1.2 Withdrawal Symptoms

1.4 Interpersonal and Health Problems

1.5 Time Management Problems

2. What is the level of Aggressive Behavior of the Respondents in terms of the

2.1 Physical Aggression

2.2 Verbal Aggression

3 Is there a significant relationship between the Internet addiction and Aggressive

behavior of the respondents?

Ho: There is no significant relationship between Internet addiction and Aggressive

behavior of the respondents.

Social Learning Theory, theorized by Albert Bandura, places that individuals

learning theories since it includes consideration, memory, and inspiration. Individuals

theory clarifies human conduct as far as nonstop proportional association between

subjective, social, and ecological impacts.

Aggression can be directly learned through operant molding, including positive

learnt by the roundabout component of observational learning. Social learning

hypothesis keeps up that kids learn through a procedure of impersonation. Aggressive

the conduct being viewed as adequate and afterward recreated.

The Buss– Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BP-AQ) is a 29-item, four-factor

discovered two comparative tightfisted 12-item renditions of the four-factor BP-AQ

settings and further research are considered.

Internet Addiction Aggressive Behavior

First Year Information

This study will be beneficial to the following individuals:

them assess their student’s aggressive behavior.

addiction on the aggressive behavior of the students

Information Technology students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa during

As words may mean differently in different contexts, the following were

operationally defined based on how it was used in the study.

Internet Addiction is a mental condition characterized by excessive use of the internet,

usually to the detriment of the user.

Physical aggression is behavior causing or threatening physical harm towards others.

indicates any form of physical harm to another person

Anger is an emotion characterized by antagonism toward someone or something you

feel has deliberately done you wrong.

Hostility is a negative evaluation of persons and things (Buss, 1961), often

accompanied by a clear desire to do harm or to aggrede them (Kaufmann, 1970).

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

and electronic resources, among others.

As indicated by Hartney (2019), in the unlikely event that Internet addiction

recognized, especially in nations where it is influencing expansive quantities of

done in Asia. It is likewise a growing concern in developed nations in North America

In Hudner’s (2019) opinion, over-dependancy by children on their devices is

negative as it is about the negative.

can contribute to crime.

boundary conditions, mediators, and moderators of the relationship between violent