Gimnasio Británico

Química
Sofía Martínez Naeder
1102
31-10-19

ELEVENTH CHEMICAL LABORATORY PRACTICE

1. Introduction

Chromatography is known as the separation technique in which the components of a sample

are separated into two phases: 1. Stationary of great superficiality and 2. A mobile phase.

• Stationary Phase: Delays the passage of the sample components

• Mobile phase: It occurs when the components pass through the system at different speeds
and in turn separate at certain times.

* It should be noted that components has a characteristic passage time through the system,
this time is called retention time. For chromatographic separation to be achieved, the time
retained from the "analyte" has to differ with the rest of the sample components * (Surat, S.f)

Source: Image taken by (Elkan, 2017)

1.1 Chromatography Preparative or analytical?

• Preparative Chromatography: It is the separation of the components of the

mixture for further processing. (It can be considered a purification method)

 Analytical chromatography: It is usually done with a small sample allowing this

way, a relative proportion of the components of the mixture can be quantified.
1.2. Types of Chromatography:

• Solid-liquid chromatography: (Static or stationary phase) - Solid and still liquid

• Liquid-liquid chromatography: (Static phase) -The liquid is anchored to the solid support
• Liquid-gas chromatography: (Stationary phase) - nonvolatile liquid impregnated in the
solid and the mobile phase a gas.
• Solid gas chromatography: (Stationary phase) - Solid and mobile a gas.

Source: (Analisisinorganico, 2017)

2. Developing

Thin layer chromatography

(Laboratory reason)

Thin layer chromatography is used to determine the number, identity, purity and
decompositions in a mixture during analysis. This technique can be used to visualize the
process of a reaction.

Source: Image taken from (Sruilk / Shutterstock, S.f)

2.1. Adsorption chromatography

Thin layer chromatography rests on the principle of adsorption chromatography.
Adsorption refers to a phenomenon where a substance accumulates on the surface of
a different material different from it, thus forming a thin layer. Generally this layer is
only a dense molecule. The reciprocal action that is created between the adsorbent
and the adsorbed determines the separation of the compositions.

2.2 Stationary phase

This phase refers to a layer of the adsorbent that is usually coated on a plate. The
adsorbent is selected on the basis of its composition, separation efficiency, the size of
its particles, dimensional distribution of the particles and especially its morphology.
Scientifically, common stationary phases include silica gel, alumina, cellulose
powder, modified celluloses, kieselgue and sephadex gels. (NMF, s.f)
 3. Portion of thin layer chromatography

• Shot observation: The sample to be analyzed is dissolved in a volatile solvent to

create a diluted solution.
• Revealed: At this stage, at this stage, the edge with the solvent site is maintained as
the common center of the developing solvent. The solvent travels upwards in the plate
and reaches the site of the solute. The polar silica gel adheres to the solute, while the
reciprocal action of the solvent attempts with the solute to lift it while it proceeds.

• Visualization: The visualization of colored compositions can be simple. After the

various compositions have moved at different distances on the plate, they can be
visualized and analyzed directly.

• rf value: This parameter quantifies the movement of the solute in fine posterior
chromatography. it provides a dimension of the distance that traveled by the substance
divided by the distance.

Source: (Barua, 2015) - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Figura-4-Cromatografia-

en-capa-delgada-de-los-extractos-organicos-Se-utilizo-como-fase_fig4_331600288
Bibliografía
Barua, J. (2015). Cromatografía . Obtenido de Researchgate.
¿Que es la cromatografia? (2017 de Noviembre de 07). Obtenido de Analisis Inorganico :
http://analisisinorganicoenmss.blogspot.com/2017/11/que-esla-cromatografia-la-
cromatografia.html
Laboratorio Químico . (2019). TP. Laboratorio Químico . Obtenido de ¿Qué es la
Cromatografía? : https://www.tplaboratorioquimico.com/laboratorio-
quimico/procedimientos-basicos-de-laboratorio/que-es-la-cromatografia.html
Dr. Surat P, P. (2019). Cromatografía de capa delgada . Obtenido de News Medical Life
Sciences: https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Thin-Layer-
Chromatography-(Spanish).aspx