Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Notes - Pac PTD 2016
Notes - Pac PTD 2016
~ Shahir ~
Supervised by Ministry of Home Affairs & supported by Ministry of Tourism & Culture
INTRODUCTION / OBJECTIVE
The Social Visit Pass is initially for a period of ten (10) years, and is renewable.
Applicants are allowed to bring their spouses and unmarried children below the age
of 21 as dependants.
Financial requirement
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
All applicants and their dependents are required to submit a medical report
from any private hospital in Malaysia. For those who are unable to get medical
insurance because of age, or a preexisting medical condition, this requirement
can be waived.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
ADVANTAGES
Property purchases
Vehicle purchase
Each participant is allowed to bring in a personal car. The vat (GST) tax
exemption when buying a new car in Malaysia ended 1 April 2015.
Domestic helper
Each participant is allowed to apply for one maid subject to the prevailing
guidelines of the Immigration Department of Malaysia.
Identification card
Participants may apply for state ID cards from the Immigration Department
headquarters allowing them to pass immigration checkpoints into Malaysia as
residents rather than foreign nationals.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Education
MM2H participants are allowed to bring their children and step children who
are below 21 years old and not married as their dependants. Dependants who
intend to continue their schooling in Malaysia are required to apply for a
student pass. However, the participants are require to be responsible for all
the living costs including study fees for their dependants while living in
Malaysia.
Tax
Working part-time
Other
Your parents can join you also under a long term visa
DISADVANTAGES
3. Citizens of countries that are not recognised by Malaysia including Israel are
not allowed to participate.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
PENGENALAN :
CARA PERLAKSANAAN :
Ia merupakan satu pelan hala tuju yang mengambil masa sembilan 9 tahun dalam
tiga peringkat iaitu;
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Sejumlah 1,000 buah motosikal jenis Kawasaki Ninja 250 yang dilengkapi
sistem lampu dan siren telah diagihkan untuk kegunaan URB di enam (6)
negeri hotspot, iaitu Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Johor, Pulau Pinang,
Kedah, Perak, Sabah dan Sarawak.
8. Rumah Perantaraan
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Pemasangan CCTV Fasa II, iaitu tambahan 496 CCTV telah dimulakan pada
28 November 2013 dan dijangka siap sepenuhnya pada 28 November 2014.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
944 klien telah mendapatkan rawatan di Mini Klinik Cure & Care (C&C)
1Malaysia di kawasan blackspot
56,033 klien telah mendapatkan rawatan di klinik berkenaan di kawasan
blackspot
3,632 klien telah mendapatkan rawatan melalui program Outreach di kawasan
blackspot.
14. Membuka Peluang Pekerjaan Untuk Penagih Dadah Yang Sedang Pulih
• 724 klien telah mendapat peluang pekerjaan di bawah program Cure and
Care Vocational Centre (CCVC);
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
• Pindaan terhadap POCA 1959 itu adalah bagi memerangi dan mencegah
jenayah dengan lebih berkesan.
• Menerusi pindaan itu juga tiga profesional mewakili badan kehakiman dari
Mahkamah Persekutuan, Mahkamah Rayuan dan Mahkamah Tinggi akan
dilantik menganggotai Badan Pencegahan Jenayah yang akan dibentuk.
PENCAPAIAN
Laporan tahunan itu turut menyebut sebanyak 147,171 kes jenayah dibawa
ke muka pengadilan iaitu meningkat kepada 43.3 peratus, menjangkaui
sasaran asal 35 peratus dan pencapaian 124 peratus.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
KESIMPULAN
Perdana Menteri, Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak berkata usaha
memerangi jenayah adalah ‘peperangan’ yang memerlukan komitmen dan
sokongan berterusan daripada semua lapisan masyarakat bagi mewujudkan
persekitaran yang selamat kepada rakyat.
Perkara ini juga dapat dilihat bahawa kerajaan sentiasa komited dan
mementingkan kesejahteraan rakyat selaras dengan pelbagai aktiviti
membanteras jenayah telah diwujudkan yang melibatkan pelbagai pihak
samaada dari sektor kerajaan, swasta mahupun NGO.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Jenayah rasuah merupakan satu penyakit sosial yang sudah mewarnai kehidupan
masyarakat sejak sekian lama. Ianya suatu perkara universal tanpa batasan waktu
dan tempat. Menurut kamus Dewan Bahasa, perkataan rasuah bermaksud
pemberian untuk menumbuk rusuk iaitu dengan menyogok atau menyuap, wang
tumbuk rusuk iaitu sogok atau suap dengan wang atau benda berharga. Manakala
perkataan ‘suap’ bermaksud wang sogok, rasuah.
Gagal Melapor
1. Gagal melapor pemberian, janji atau tawaran rasuah
Seksyen 25 (1) dan (2) Akta SPRM 2009
DENDA : Tidak lebih RM100,000
PENJARA : Tidak lebih 10 tahun atau kedua-duanya sekali
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Four (4) main offences stipulated in the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Act 2009 (MACC
Act 2009) (Act 694) :
1. Soliciting/Receiving Gratification (Bribe) [section 16 & 17(a) MACC Act 2009]
2. Offering/Giving Gratification (Bribe) [section 17(b) MACC Act 2009]
3. Intending to Deceive (False Claim) [Section 18 MACC Act 2009]
4. Using Office or Position for Gratification (Bribe) (Abuse of Power/Position)
[Section 23 MACC Act 2009]
Failure to Report
Any person who knows and fails to report an act of giving and offering of bribes is
committing an offence under Section 25 (1) and (2) of the MACC Act 2009. Section
25 (1) and (2) of the MACC Act 2009
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Kelima-lima badan khas ini diwujudkan bertujuan untuk memastikan ketelusan dan
akauntabiliti dalam keseluruhan perjalanan SPRM. Mekanisme ini akan dapat
membantu memenuhi harapan masyarakat terhadap kebebasan, kecekapan,
keberkesanan, ketelusan dan akauntabiliti Suruhanjaya dalam pelaksanaan
kewajipan undang-undang yang telah ditetapkan. Persepsi yang positif terhadap
kewibawaan SPRM dan Kerajaan akan memudahkan usaha meraih sokongan dan
kerjasama masyarakat dalam membanteras jenayah rasuah, penyalahgunaan kuasa
dan penyelewengan.
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
KESAN:
LANGKAH PENCEGAHAN:
1. Penguatkuasaan undang-undang
2. Kempen kesedaran
3. Penubuhan Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah (SPRM)
4. Mempermudahkan urusan melalui ICT (lebih selamat)
5. Penerapan nilai murni di sekolah (Pendidikan Islam, Pendidikan Moral,
Pendidikan Sivik dan Kewarganegaraan)
6. Didikan agama yang mencukupi (sejak kecil)
15 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Peningkatan skor Malaysia dalam Indeks Persepsi Rasuah (CPI) 2014 kepada 52
berbanding 50 pada tahun 2013, merupakan bukti kejayaan negara hasil inisiatif
yang dilaksanakan. Pencapaian ini adalah berbaik sejak tahun 2004.
KESIMPULAN
Semua pihak tidak kira pangkat atau harta, mestilah bersatu dan menggembleng
tenaga untuk memastikan rasuah gejala yang berjangkit ini dapat diatasi. Mencegah
itu lebih baik dari mengubati. Rasuah juga terjadi disebabkan faktor dalaman dan
luaran. Rasuah juga berlaku di mana-mana sahaja tanpa batas waktu dan tempat.
Pihak berkuasa terutamanya perlu mengelakkan diri daripada terlibat dengan gejala
ini kerana umum diketahui, ramai pihak berkuasa menerima rasuah dan tidak
amanah melaksanaknan tugas dan tanggungjawab. Mereka yang bersalah wajar
dikenakan hukuman yang berat kerana telah mereka telah menconteng arang
kepada negara kita.
Sumber: www.world.com.my
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
17 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
KUALA LUMPUR, 30 Dis ― Sijil cuti sakit (MC) palsu yang diserahkan kepada
majikan dikira sebagai satu perbuatan rasuah, kata Suruhanjaya Pencegahan
Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM).
Pegawainya Mohamad Tarmize Abdul Manaf berkata kesalahan itu tertakluk bawah
Seksyen 18 Akta SPRM 2009, yang melarang dokumen tuntutan seperti resit atau
invois mengandungi butiran palsu.
“Tahukah anda bahawa mengemukakan sijil sakit atau MC boleh menjadi kesalahan
rasuah?
Pekerja Malayan Railways (sekarang dikenali Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad) itu
mengemukakan dua sijil sakit, masing-masing pada 5 dan 7 Ogos 1968, yang
didapati palsu.
“Kedua-dua sijil sakit berkenaan didapati tidak benar kerana beliau tidak sakit pada
tarikh-tarikh berkenaan.
“Peruntukan lama ini bolehlah disamakan dengan Seksyen 18 Akta SPRM 2009,”
kata Tarmize lagi.
18 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Mahkamah mendapati Nadimuthu bersalah dan didenda RM25, nilai waktu itu, bagi
setiap pertuduhan.
Gaji dua hari yang dibayar semasa tertuduh “cuti sakit” dibayar semula kepada
syarikat keretapi terbabit dengan alasan dia ponteng kerja tanpa alasan, kata
pegawai SPRM.
“Diharap kes ini dapat memberi iktibar kepada masyarakat agar tidak memandang
mudah kepada cuti sakit.
“Doktor dan pegawai perubatan juga perlu berwaspada agar tidak terlibat sekiranya
ada ’pesakit’ yang tidak sakit memohon MC daripada anda,” tambahnya.
19 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
HOUSEHOLDS)
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
20 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
ADVANTAGES
Azam Kerja
Opportunities to generate income through work placements. Program
focusing on various areas of employment for those who are productive,
minimum qualifications or without skills. Skills training provided.
Examples of work include:
• Sales
• Household Management
• The fast food restaurant
• Waiters
• Hotel employment
• Income Generating Program as tailors and frozen business
21 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Azam Tani
Opportunities to generate income through agriculture-based activities.
Among the projects identified are:
• Clustered Agriculture
• Plants that have a quick return
• Livestock
• Downstream agricultural project
Azam Niaga
Income generating opportunities through small business with training
and micro-credit facilities. Examples of business is:
• Food and drink
• Kiosks
• Retail Business
• Handicraft Industry
Azam Khidmat
Opportunities to generate income through service areas such as:
• Treatment of personal care
• Andaman bride
• Spa and Reflexology
Participants were given the choice either involved in part-time or full-
time. They can also be involved as entrepreneurs or employees.
RECOMMENDATION
22 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
OBJECTIVES:
To provide targeted aid to the middle and lower income groups that
struggling against rising living costs.
To ensure essential items (basic goods) remain affordable for the citizen.
To formulate long term strategies to reduce the impact of the rising cost of
living
TARGET GROUPS:
INTRODUCTION:
The rising cost of living remains a problem for the middle and lower
income groups due to the volatility of the external environment.
COL NKRA is one of the effort that had been implemented by various
government agencies to ensure that all layers of citizen can have a
better standard of living.
There are two approaches:
23 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
1. The Prime Minister said that the BR1M handout will benefit 4.7 million
households and 2.7 million unmarried individuals, at an allocation of RM5.9
billion.
2. Skim Pembiayaan Deposit Rumah Pertama (first home deposit payment
scheme) will be provided for affordable home buyers, with an allocation of
RM200 million.
3. The government will build 5,000 units under PR1MA and PPA1M at 10
locations near Monorail and LRT corridors and stations.
4. PR1MA will build 175,000 units to be sold 20 percent below market price with
an allocation of RM1.6 billion. 10,000 units are expected to complete by next
year.
5. 10,000 units will also be constructed for Rumah Mesra Rakyat under SPNB
with a subsidy of RM20,000 a unit.
6. The government will increase the services of Klinik Bergerak 1Malaysia in the
interiors of Sabah and Sarawak. This will include the purchase of boats and
new vehicles.
7. The government will also continue with its Baucar Buku 1Malaysia
programme for 1.2 million students. To prevent abuse of these vouchers,
redemption can only be made at bookstores that are authorised to receive
these vouchers.
8. The government will continue to provide RM100 aid to students, with an
allocation of RM350 million, targeted for households earning less than
RM3,000. This will benefit 3.5 million students.
24 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
ADVANTAGES:
DISADVANTAGES:
RECOMMENDATION:
25 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
NKRA PENDIDIKAN
27 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
28 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Rujukan :
http://www.moe.gov.my/upload/galeri_awam/2010/1275279590.pdf
http://www.slideshare.net/SitiIsmail15/nkra-12990834
http://bmspm.net/nkrakpmkpikppm.htm
http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/nkra/8692-bidang-keberhasilan-utama-negara-nkra-pendidikan.html
29 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
BANDAR)
OBJECTIVES
• The UPT NKRA was implemented to fix the need for an efficient and
connected public transport system(as Malaysia becoming a high-income
nation)
TARGET GROUP
• The UPT NKRA focuses on the Greater Kuala Lumpur because it is presently
Malaysia’s heart of commerce and because the traffic problem there is at a
critical level.
• Reorganising the stage bus and feed bus network.Aimed 750,000 ridership
by 2015.
30 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
• Implementing the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT): KL – Ampang: 69,000 pax daily,
KL – Puchong: 52,000 pax daily, KL – Melawati: 79,000 pax daily
• Extending the Kelana Jaya and Ampang LRT lines. Increased 100,000
commuters.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
• UTP NKRA not revise the fare for the public transport
• public transport not used by Malaysian but majority used by foreign worker
• UTP NKRA not revise Uber and Grabcar facilities,which in 2015 it become
phenomenon and politically discuss in parlimen and media.
31 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
RECOMMENDATION
• Minister/person in charge the UPT NKRA try the public transport by his/herself
to experienced how successful the UPT NKRA is
32 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Introduction
The Improving Rural Development NKRA (RD NKRA), formerly known as Rural
Basic Infrastructure NKRA lead by Ministry of Rural & Regional Development.
Target area mainly in rural area of Sabah, Sarawak & Peninsular Malaysia.
Objective
Support the Vision 2020 goals by transforming rural area into vibrant economic centre.
-Ensure the rural population enjoys the fruits impact areas of economic development as
much as those in the urban areas
- providing access to basic infrastructure
(BALB) RURAL WATER SUPPLY (21st Century Village ) – Enhance & dvlpt rural area
Access to clean or treated water supply by encourage youth to work & start business at their own
-ensuring the basic needs to people & village by initiatives of:
agriculture industries
State-driven: Modern
Integrated Farm
(BELB) RURAL ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
24 hours access to electricity
Prvt sec-driven: Fruits
& Veg Farm
- necessity to the people & industries operation
Eco-tourism in village
system
Figures Advantages
To increase coverage and quality
of life rural resident by providing
the basic infrastructure such as
new roads , house, water &
electrical supply,
Poverty eradication in rural area
can be reduce by the GTP 1.0
and 2.0
Help to produce new
entrepreneurs in various field
helping in our economic growth.
33 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
PERKHIDMATAN AWAM
INTRO
PUNCA
35 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
pegawai yang layak akan mendapat pencen dan ganjaran yang amaunnya
ditetapkan seolah-olah pegawai telah berkhidmat sehingga mencapai umur
persaraan paksa yang terpakai baginya mulai tarikh kuat kuasa persaraan
yang ditetapkan oleh Kerajaan.
Surat Pekeliling Perkhidmatan ini adalah berkuat kuasa mulai 1 Januari 2012.
36 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
37 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
1. Job opportunities: There are ample job opportunities in mega cities therefore
village people or individuals from town frequently migrate to these areas.
2. Availability of transportation: Due to easy transport, people prefer to stay in
big cities.
3. Migration: Migration is main cause for rapid growth of mega-cities. Migration
has been going on over centuries and it is normal phenomenon. When
considering urbanization rural-urban and urban-rural and rural-rural migrations
are very important. Urban-urban migration means that people move from one
city to another. People may move to the city because they are forced by
poverty from rural community or they may be pulled by the magnetism of city
lives. Combination of these push and pull factors can force people to migrate
to cities (Gugler 1997).
4. Infrastructure facilities in the urban areas: Infrastructure has vital role in the
process of urbanization in the development of countries. As agriculture
becomes more fruitful, cities grow by absorbing workforce from rural areas.
Industry and services increase and generate higher value-added jobs, and
this led to economic growth. The geographic concentration of productive
activities in cities creates agglomeration economies, which further raises
productivity and growth. The augments income and demand for agricultural
products in cities.
5. Growth of private sector.
Factors lead to urbanization: There are several aspects that lead to urbanization.
The factors can be categorized into three categories that include, economic
opportunities, proper infrastructure and utilities and availability of public facilities.
Economic opportunities: It is general perception that living standard of urban area
is superior as compared to village areas. People consider that more job opportunities
and more jobs are offered in the city instead of rural area. Besides, the income also
will be higher.
Proper infrastructure and utilities: In today's economy driven society, majority of
nations in the world are focusing on the development of major cities as the centre of
government and business. As such, the cities will be certainly equipped with a better
infrastructure and utilities such as roads and transportation, water, electricity and
38 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
others. Apart from that, the communication and internet coverage also are good in
the cities which are believed as one of the pulling factors of migration.
Availability of public facilities: To make smart city, metropolitan cities also offered
better public facilities which are not there in rural areas. Since a variety of public
facilities such as health and education are provided in the cities, people have more
choices either to use public or private. Additionally, the provision of leisure area,
postal services as well as police station and others are also provided to meet the
needs of the urban community. In urban area, a greater variety of entertainment
such as restaurants, movie theatres and theme parks attract more people to live in
cities.
Global perspective: The urbanization progression and nature of the problems in
more developed and less developed ones are very dissimilar. While in the framework
of more developed countries, urbanization and city growth were necessary
conditions for industrialization and modernization, it has become a risk to better living
in the less developed countries because of the unpredictable growth of the cities,
mainly of a few super cities. The speedy population growth in urban areas is due to
migration of people from rural to urban and small cities to large ones are creating
problems such as urban overcrowding, poor housing, and crowded transportation,
lack of basic services, ill health, low educational status and high rate of joblessness.
Such problems in the less developed countries may become heightened. It is
necessary that studies should be undertaken on the patterns of urbanization observe
the process so as to lessen its unfavourable consequences. India, the second most
crowded country in the world has reached a state where urban problems have
assumed to be serious.
Urbanization Issues and Problem: Some scholars think that the process of
urbanization will bring numerous benefits for monetary growth, expansion of
business activities, social and cultural incorporation, resourceful services, as well as
resources of utilization. Though, there are some issues occur due to the
urbanization. These include:
Rapid rate of urbanization: It is observed that fast rate of urbanization which is
increasing every year has needed more growth of new areas for housing, social
amenities, commercial and other urban land uses. Though, the lack of clear urban
limits has led to the formation of urban slump encroaching upon environmentally
sensitive areas, major agricultural areas and areas which are not appropriate for
development (TCPD, 2006). In addition, the high demand of land use at strategic
areas also has led to land use variances. These situations led to various
urbanization issues such as environmental pollution, traffic congestion, depletion of
green areas and degradation in the quality of urban living.
39 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
40 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Decline in quality of living for urban dwellers: Urbanization is major concern for
management researchers because it decline in quality of living for urban inhabitants.
As the metropolis becomes a developed city, the land value will also increase. The
housing provision will focus more to fulfil the needs of the high income group. As
such, there will be a problem in the provision of housing, especially for the middle
and low class people. The supply of housing for the urban poor is still inadequate as
the cost of these houses is very high to which low and middle income group cannot
afford. The lack of housing provision for the low income group has led to the
continuation of unlawful resident settlements in the city. These unlawful tenant
settlements will certainly lack in proper infrastructure that will bring about many
hindrances to the urban environment and create social problems such as child
education, crime, drugs, delinquency and others. Besides housing problem for low
income group, the process of urbanization has also increased the demand on
infrastructure and utility which cannot be fulfilled from the existing facilities. The
maintenance of drains and debris collection is incompetent which can raise other
serious problems such as flash floods and poor public health. The reappearance of
flash floods is due to the drainage system being unable to contain surface water run-
off that has greatly increased with the higher intensity of urban activities.
Unsuccessful urban governance: The urban authority undergoes with multifaceted
challenges to manage a city. The fast speed of urbanization is major challenges
which need every party to be more focused in undertaking each and every
responsibility in urban development. However, the involvement of several agencies
and departments in urban management made it complicated to synchronize many
actions and resultant, it affects the efficiency of those actions. Besides this, the local
authority also deals with the different goals and interests of community groups which
they need to fulfil. The local authority also needs to find solution for different social
issues.
Cities are developed on two percent of the land's surface. Their inhabitant uses over
three-quarters of the world's resources and release similar amounts of wastes.
Urban wastes have local impacts but these are issues at global scale. The impacts
of the cities are usually seen both locally and globally such as air pollution, city
populations, as the major users of energy, cause both regional and worldwide
pollution. These factors have adverse impact on health of the people, air quality and
biosphere (Girardet 1996).
41 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
City
Consumption:
Urbanization issues in Indian context: India is known for its rural population in the
world with about 73 percent of its population living in rural villages. The growth of
urban population as well as the speed of urbanization has been usually slow as
compared to most of the other Asian countries. When evaluating urbanizing process
in Indian perspective, it is observed that major problems of urbanisation in this nation
are Urban Sprawl, Overcrowding, Housing, Unemployment, Slums and Squatter
Settlements, Transport, Water, Sewerage Problems, Trash Disposal, Urban Crimes,
and Problem of Urban Pollution. While urbanisation has been a mechanism of
economic, social and political progress, it can pose serious socio-economic
problems. The absolute magnitude of the urban population, random and unplanned
growth of urban areas, and lack of infrastructure are major issues in India due to
urbanization. The fast growth of urban population both natural and through migration,
has put immense pressure on public utilities like housing, sanitation, transport, water,
electricity, health, and education.
Poverty, joblessness and under employment among the rural immigrant, beggary,
thefts, dacoities, burglary and other social sins go wild. Urban slump is encroaching
the valuable agricultural land. According to the statistical reports in 2001, the urban
inhabitants of India were more than 285 million. It is estimated that by 2030, more
than 50 per cent of India's population is expected to live in urban areas. Numerous
problems need to be emphasized.
Urban sprawl or real development of the cities, both in population and geographical
area, of rapidly increasing cities is the major cause of urban troubles. In most cities,
the financial support is unable to deal with the problems created by their expansion.
42 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Huge immigration from rural areas as well as from small towns into large cities has
occurred almost consistently and as a result the size of the city is increased.
Historical records signify that initial large flow of migration from rural to urban areas
was during the "depression" of late 1930s when people moved for searching
employment. Afterwards during the decade 1941-51, another a million persons
migrated to urban areas in response to period of war industrialisation and division of
the country in 1947. During 1991-2001, more than 20 million people migrated to
urban areas. It is commonly observed that such big cities attracted to majority of
people to get employment opportunities and live in modern style. Such hyper
urbanisation leads to increased cities sizes which challenge imagination. Delhi,
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore are examples of urban slump due to huge
migration of people from the nearby places.
Migration
consequences:
Overcrowding is a situation in which large number of people lives in too little space.
Overcrowding is a consistent result of over-population in urban areas. It is obviously
expected that cities are increasing their size due to massive movement of people
from undeveloped ar-eas but it squeezed in a small space due to overcrowding.
Housing: It is another intense problem due to urbanization in India. Overcrowding
leads to a constant problem of scarcity of houses in urban areas. This problem is
particularly more severe in those urban areas where there is large invasion of jobless
or underemployed immigrants who could not find place to live when they come in
43 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
cities and towns from the nearby areas. The major factors for housing problems are
lack of building materials and financial resources, insufficient expansion of public
utilities into sub-urban areas, poverty and unemployment of urban immigrants, strong
caste and family ties and lack of enough transportation to sub-urban areas where
most of the available land for new construction is to be found.
Unemployment: The problem of joblessness is also serious as the problem of
housing. Urban unemployment in India is estimated at 15 to 25 per cent of the labour
force. This percentage is even higher among the educated people. It is approximate
that about half of all knowledgeable urban unemployed youth are living in four
metropolitan cities such as in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai. Additionally,
although urban incomes are higher than the rural incomes, they are awfully low
because of high cost of living in urban areas. Major causes of urban unemployment
are the huge relocation of people from rural to urban areas.
Slums and Squatter Settlements: The natural development of unchecked,
unexpected and random growth of urban areas is the growth and spread of slums
and unlawful resident settlements which present a prominent feature in the
environmental structure of Indian cities, particularly of urban centres. The fast
urbanisation in combination with industrialisation has resulted in the enlargement of
slums. The explosion of slums occurs due to many factors, such as, the lack of
developed land for housing, the high prices of land beyond the reach of urban poor,
a large influx of rural migrants to the cities in search of jobs.
Transport: Urbanization poses major challenge to transport system. With traffic
blockage, almost all cities and towns of India are suffering from severe form of
transport problem. Transport problem increases and becomes more complex as the
town grows in dimension. With its growth, the town performs varied and complex
functions and more people move to work or shop.
Water: Water is one of the most essential elements of nature to maintain life and
right from the beginning of urban civilisation. However, supply of water started falling
short of demand as the cities grew in size and number.
Sewerage Problems: Urban centres in India are almost consistently beset with
inadequate sewage facilities. Resource crisis faced by the municipalities and illicit
growth of the cities are two major causes of this pitiable state of affairs. Most cities
do not have proper arrangements for treating the sewerage waste and it is drained
into a nearly river or in sea as in Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai and these activities
pollute the water bodies.
Trash Disposal: Urbanization pushed Indian cities to grow in number and size and
as a result people have to face the problem of trash disposal which is in alarming
stage. Enormous quantities of garbage produced by Indian cities cause a serious
health problem. Most cites do not have proper arrangements for garbage disposal
and the existing landfills are full to the edge. These landfills are breeding grounds of
disease and countless poisons leaking into their environs. Wastes putrefy in the
44 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
open inviting disease carrying flies and rats and a filthy, poisonous liquid, called
leachate, which leaks out from below and contaminates ground water. People who
live near the decomposing garbage and raw sewage get victims to several diseases
such as dysentery, malaria, plague, jaundice, diarrhoea, and typhoid.
Health problem due to urbanization: Factors affecting health in slums are
Economic conditions, Social conditions, Living environment, Access and use of
public health care services, Hidden/Unlisted slums and Rapid mobility.
Environmental problems can cause many other problems such as Poor air quality
that can produce asthma and allergies or contribute to physical inactivity, an impure
water supply can cause the spread of infectious diseases through the water supply
or through food such as waterborne and food borne diseases, climates changes can
cause deaths from severe heat or cold , noise can cause sleep disturbances, and
hence poor performance at work and in school, Lead poisoning leading to
developmental and behaviour problems, Second-hand smoke and exposure to
carcinogens can cause cancer. In general, poor environmental quality contributes to
25–33% of global ill health. Physical, mental, and social health is affected by living
conditions. There are numerous examples that impact on human living such as lead
exposure, noise, asbestos, mould growth, crowding, respiratory disease, and spread
of infectious diseases, accidents, and mental illness. Health impacts of inadequate
housing conditions are an intricate issue involving variety of exposures (physical,
chemical, biological, building, and social factors) and various health outcomes such
as asthma and allergies, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular effects, injuries,
poisoning, mental illnesses. Issues of overcrowding, lack of resources, poverty,
unemployment, and lack of education and social services can lead to numerous
many social problems for example crime, violence, drug use, high school drop-out
rates, and mental health problems.
Urban Crimes: In developed cities of India, people get connected with different
types of individuals who do not have similarity with one another. The problem of
crimes increases with the increase in urbanisation. In fact the increasing trend in
urban crimes tends to upset peace and tranquillity of the cities and make them
insecure to live in mainly for the women. The problem of urban crime is becoming
more complicated in current situation because criminals often get shelter from
politicians, bureaucrats and leaders of the urban society. Dutt and Venugopal (1983)
stated that violent urban crimes such as rape, murder, kidnapping, dacoity, robbery
are more prominent in the northern-central parts of the nation. Even the economic
crimes such as theft, cheating, breach of trust are concentrated in the north- central
region. Poverty related crimes are prevalent in the cities of Patna, Darbhanga, Gaya
and Munger. This may be due to poverty existing in this area.
Problem of Urban Pollution: Rising urbanisation in present situation led to develop
industries and transport systems out of proportion. These developments are mainly
responsible for contamination of environment, particularly the urban surroundings.
Urban pollution is mainly the collection of impurities created by cities which would
certainly shock city dwellers. It includes Air, water, ground the entire environment. Air
45 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
pollution has dangerous consequences which emerge due to urbanization. Cities are
the source of several dangerous gases, particularly vehicles like passenger cars,
Lorries, buses which generate carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO),
sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxides (Nox), benzene, ozone in addition to fine
particles released by diesel motors which create a serious threat to human health.
Heating installations use fossil fuels which also contaminate the air of urban centres.
However, in numerous urban agglomerations, the main source of the worsening of
air quality is from industrial facilities which emit veritable poisons into the air, which is
then inhaled by riverside dwellers. Water is also source of pollution in urban areas.
Since earlier times, cities are attracting millions of rural residents to their
recognizable shores. Each of these individuals has required water to live, and
consume for other basic needs. Cities under continuous development must increase
their water resources and their water treatment capacities. In many countries, this
has created nearly insoluble problems and millions of human beings are not assured
daily access to potable water. As regards wastewater, the lack of effective collection
and treatment facilities means that wastewater is often quite simply dumped back
into Nature, often into the ocean, which creates severe and long lasting pollution
problems.
India has rapidly increasing population. According to the estimates of New McKinsey
Global Institute research, cities of India could produce 70 percent of net new jobs by
2030, may generate around 70 percent of Indian GDP, and drive a near fourfold
increase in per capita incomes across the country. If India upgrades its urban
operating model, it has the capacity to reap a demographic dividend from the
increase of around 250 million expected in the next decade in the working-age
inhabitants.
India's current Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi also came forward to resolve the
issues related to urbanization. To manage city system and fulfil the great demands of
inhabitants due to the rapid urbanization, specialists have stated that government
must focus on two critical factors which is solid waste management and waste water
treatment. But the Gujarat government on its part has taken up 50 towns in the state
and took initiatives like 'Clean city, Green city' in partnership to execute solid waste
management and waste water treatment. In order to decrease discrimination, Mr.
Modi stated that there is a need to concentrate on comprehensive growth and must
recognize the most backward areas in cities and towns and provide basic amenities
in place. There is an urgent need to develop social mechanisms which will assist to
reduce inequality and make sure the basics like health, sanitation, education to
reach those who have been underprivileged of the same. Mr. Modi has realized that
most of the urban actions are technical but the employees who do these jobs are
often clerical level therefore there must be focus on opening universities on urban
planning, urban infrastructure, urban development for the assistance of young
people to learn how to meet the demands of urbanization. To lessen urban crime, Mr
46 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Modi stresses that police staff in urban areas need a specific training to maintain
demands of the law and order situation.
Possible remedy for the urbanization issues and problems at global level:
The most effectual way to resolve issues of urbanization is to make the economy of
village and small scale fully viable. Economies must be revitalized if government
undertakes huge rural development program. It is suggested that surplus manpower
must be absorbed in village in order to migrate to urban areas. It is needed to control
traffic congestion in urban region and people must be encouraged to use public
transport. India must improve the traffic control system to avoid accidents. It is
necessary to implement resilient clean-up campaign. Government must make
polices to construct low cast multi-storeyed flats in order to accommodate the slum
dwellers. Government should provide funds to encourage entrepreneurship and also
find solution for pollution in the nation. Reports of WHO stated that the health cities
proposal aimed to develop the physical, mental, environmental, and social welfare of
people who live and work in urban centres. People from different backgrounds,
including community members to government representatives, from cities were
organized and encouraged to come together and work together in order to deal with
the problems that emerge in urban environments. This association of people shared
strategies, success stories, and resources to tackle the concerns of the local society.
WHO reports indicated that, "A healthy city is one that is continually creating and
improving the physical and social environments and expanding the community
resources that enable people to mutually support each other in performing all the
functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential."
To summarize, Urbanization is the substantial expansion of urban areas due to rural
migration and it is strongly related to modernization, industrialization, and the
sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization commonly occurred in
developing countries because government has keenness to accomplish a developed
city status. As a result, almost all area in the city has been developed and in the
worst case scenario, even the green areas are also turned into industrial or business
area. It illustrates that speedy urbanization has many unconstructive implications
especially towards social and environmental aspects. While the process of
urbanization occurs at global scale, it is more visible in developing countries. This
growth has led to concerns about the sustainability of these urban centres. Explosive
growth in the world population and migration of people to in urban centres is causing
major concern about the quality of life in these urban centres and the life-supporting
capacity of the planet ecologically and communally.
The government should not be keen to develop a city without considering the
impacts towards the social and environmental aspect. Instead, the government
should modify the urban development process in order to accomplish a developed
city and make efforts to lessen the possibility of problems that might arise. In order to
triumph over urbanization issues and problems, Khosh-Chashm (1995)
47 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
recommended that the society should work together closely with the authorities to
assist in modernizing life in urban area. The changeover from a rural to urban wealth
is very rapid in historical terms for most economic systems. The task to fulfil all the
demands for jobs, shelter, water, roads, transport and other urban infrastructure is
overwhelming. Presently, India already has numerous mega cities. Many
researchers believe that urbanization is good for the financial growth of country but
careful planning is required to develop cities and offer basic amenities for healthy
living
48 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Latarbelakang
Setakat ini tidak ada dasar Urbanisasi Negara yangkomprehensif dan yang telah
diistiharkan secara rasmi oleh kerajaan. Walaubagaimanapun terdapat beberapa
strategi dan pendekatan berhubung dengan pembangunan bandar terutamanya
dalam konteks pencapaian matlamat pembangunan negara yang berasaskan
DEB.
Rasional
Rantaian perhubungan antara bandar dengan luarbandar yang lebih berkesan bukan
sahaja membolehkan lebih ramai isi rumah luarbandar menyertai kegiatan-kegiatan
berasaskan bandar yang mempunyai daya pengeluaran yang tinggi tetapi juga
dapat mempercepatkan proses pemodenan kawasan-kawasan luarbandar.
Objektif
Selaras dengan usaha kerajaan untuk membentuk satu Dasar Urbanisasi Negara;
objektif-objektif dasar yang khusus sedang dirangka. Dalam hal ini faktor-faktor
berikut yang berkaitan dengan proses urbanisasi dan hubungannya dengan
pembangunan ekonomi akan diambil kira:-
49 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
(ii) Keadaan perkaitan yang rapat yang wujud di antara proses pembangunan sosio-
ekonomi dengan proses dan pola-pola urbanisasi
(iii) Kesan 'spatial' berikutan dengan perlaksanaan dasar dan program di peringkat
negara dan wilayah.
Strategi Pelaksanaan
50 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Pencapaian
Sungguhpun pencapaian dari segi pelaksanaan dasar dan masalah yang berbangkit
tidak dapat ditukarkan oleh kerana dasar urbanisasi negara yang komperhensif
masih dalam peringkat persediaan, beberapa pencapaian telah dihasilkan
berikutan daripada perlaksanaan strategi pembangunan bandar tertentu
sepertimana yang telah dihuraikan di atas.
Dalam usaha untuk mewujudkan pembangunan yang lebih seimbang terutama dari
segi pembangunan fisikal, susunan kaum dan penyertaan dalam kegiataan-
kegiataan ekonomi perbandaran, Kerajaan telah dapat mewujudkan lapan Lembaga
Kemajuan Wilayah di kawasan-kawasan pinggiran yang kurang maju (frontier
regions) dan tidak kurang daripada 32 kawasan projek pembangunan pertanian
secara berpadu (IADP'S) di kawasan-kawasan tradisional (traditional agriculture
areas.)
Sebagai satu usaha untuk membaiki keadaan ini kerajaan telah membentuk satu
strategi yang baru iaitu 'Halacara Baru Dalam pembangunan Kampong dan
Luarbandar'. Usaha ini melibatkan pembentukan pusat-pusat pembangunan desa
melalui proses penyatuan kampung-kampung yang berdekatan di samping
menggalakkan penyatuan tanah-tanah pertanian yang tidak ekonomik dari segi saiz
dan pertumbuhan industri-industri kecil kampung. Setakat ini kerajaan telah pun
51 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Oleh kerana Dasar Urbanisasi Negara tidak mempunyai program yang khusus dan
menyeluruh maka sukar untuk kita mengukur dengan tepat prestasi
perlaksanaannya.Dalam mengukur prestasi proses urbanisasi dua aspek di ambil
kira iaitu :-
(ii) Peningkatan penduduk di kawasan bandar telah bertambah dari 28.6% pada
tahun 1970 kepada 37.5% pada tahun 1980 dan dijangka akan meningkat 44.7%
pada dekad 90. Dari peratus pertambahan ini, bumiputera telah bertambah
sebanyak 14%.
(iii) Hasil dari penghijrahan penduduk bandar dan perluasan pengkelasan semula
sempadan bandar saiz sederhana seperti Kota Bharu, Kuala Terengganu dan
Taiping,penduduk bandar telah meningkat 23% lebih cepat dari penduduk luar
bandar.
(iv) Sehingga akhir tahun 1985,pelan-pelan struktur bagi Kuala Lumpur dan Johor
telah disediakan, sementara itu 12 lagi pelan-pelan struktur di antaranya pelan
struktur Seberang Perai, Seremban, Kuala Terengganu dalam peringkat
penyediaan.
52 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
(vi) Dalam usaha UDA untuk menyusun semula masyarakat melalui program
pembangunan semula, UDA telah berjaya membangunkan semula beberapa
kawasan bandar seperti kawasan Bangsar Utama, kawasan Jalan Raja Abdullah
dan juga kawasanTanjung Tokong dan Bukit Jambul di Pulau Pinang.
(i) Sumbangan ekonomi bandar kepada keluaran dalam negara kasar (KDNK) telah
meningkat dari 66% pada tahun 1970 kepada 70% pada tahun 1980. Pertumbuhan
ini dijangka akan meningkat melebihi 70% pada dekad 90. Jelas terbukti ekonomi
bandar telah memberi sumbangan besar kepada KDNK.
(ii) Sehingga akhir tahun 1988, hasil perangkaan dibuat menunjukkan bahawa
hampir keseluruhan ekonomi bandar tertumpu di beberapa kawasan bandar utama
seperti Butterworth dan Pasir Gudang. Ini menunjukkan pengagihan ekonomi bandar
dan luar bandar tidak berlaku secara seimbang.
Penutup
Pembangunan bandar yang ada dan yang akan diadakan selaras dengan usaha
pembentukan satu Dasar Urbanisasi Negara yang komprehensif amatlah penting
bagi menjamin pencapaian kepada matlamat pembangunan negara. Hasrat kerajaan
ialah untuk mempastikan supaya proses urbanisasi, corak dan tahap pembangunan
matlamat DEB secara lebih berkesan lagi.
53 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Source : http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/248-dasar-urbanisasi-
negara.html
54 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
PENGENALAN
OBJEKTIF
KUMPULAN SASARAN
• Sektor perindustrian
55 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Rujukan
1. http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/247-dasar-sains-
dan-teknologi-negara.html
2. https://prezi.com/.../dasar-sains-dan-teknologi-negara/
56 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
INTRODUCTION
One of the Ninth Malaysia Plan’s major development thrusts is to raise the capacity
for knowledge, innovation and nurture 'first class mentality'.
As the Government of Malaysia moves to become more knowledge and technology
intensive, this project’s main objective is to help re-assess the science, technology
and innovation progress in terms of the country’s level of knowledge and technology
readiness. It also looks at the impact of ongoing initiatives as well as identifying
areas which need to be further strengthened.
OBJECTIVES:
The project’s specific aims are to provide a platform towards the vision 2020 by
using K-Economy for long term to:
57 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
TARGET GROUP
1. HRD – Quality of HR ex: literacy, 2ndary & 3tiary institutions enrolment, S&T
subjects, English Language skills, thinking & innovation skills
2. Science & Tech. (S&T)
3. R&D – Public & Private sector, scientist & engineers in R &D,
4. Info structure- Newspaper, radios, TV, HP, Freedom/availability of information
5. Infrastructure- investment in ICT, electricity, personal comp. Internet
6. Economy – Knowledge workers, knowledge-based industries/ services, e-
commerce, high tech export, openness to foreign knowledge workers,
entrepreneurship,
7. MSC project to create an ideal IT & multimedia environment – 5 cyber cities ex:
KLCC, KL Tower, Tech. Park Malaysia, Cyberjaya, Malaysian Tech. Dev.
Corporation-UPM Incubator Centre
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
1. Require an initial high capital cost – but should consider as future country’s
development investment
2. Unemployment rate high- among low ICT skills and education workers
58 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
CHALLENGES
**here are certain constraints that can impede Malaysia from becoming a developed
nation by the year 2020 through K-Economy plan. One of such constraints is the
ability to fund and produce cutting-edge research. Such kind of research is no
ordinary research. It requires a large pool of highly skilled personnel, which should
be accompanied by a certain economies of scale to be successful. Malaysia does
not have either at this point in its development history. Besides, to train such
specialised labour requires a lot of resources and adequate time both are scarce at
this point in time as it pertains to Malaysia.
Other challenges:
1. Education: Lack of agencies supporting ICT activities at school, teachers are lack
of training to maximise use of computers to enhance learning and teaching, need
higher student contact hours to get more expose and familiarisation with computer
use. At 3rdtiary level, issues of research, resources, staff qualifications and quality of
output.
2. Skills Training & Retraining: lack an adequate pool knowledge workers, insufficient
enrolment in science at 3rdtiary level, high workers with min. literacy, learning ability
& skills
3. Global Talent: A world shortage of high level manpower cause increase the brain
drain in Malaysia especially in IT
59 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
RECOMMENDATION
It’s clearly stated that K-economy will bring more benefits towards Malaysia’s
economic development. In conjunction with these, here are some recommendations
that may be considered for future improvement of Malaysia’s K-Economy:
Education:
Global Talent:
1. Develop a data-base & Internet-based network with Malaysians overseas
2. Invite world class talents to visits local Uni, research institutes & creative centres
http://www.epu.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=e8b18de7-0f6c-4a17-8fab-
e4a8f504ddd8&groupId=283545
http://www.ikim.gov.my/index.php/en/artikel/7613-the-challenge-in-preparation-for-
the-k-based-economy
60 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
OBJEKTIF:
KUMPULAN SASARAN
INTRODUCTION
61 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
ADVANTAGES
1. Lebih efisen- Penggunaaan sumber yang optimum
2. Perkhidmatan yang lebih baik dapat diberikan
3. Kurangkan kos
4. Mencapai impak lebih tinggi dengan kos rendah dan pantas
63 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
OBJECTIVE
KUMPULAN SASARAN
INTRO
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
65 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
INTRODUCTION
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) replaced our existing Sales and Services Tax
(SST) in April 2015.
These taxes are consumption taxes, which mean consumers, opt to pay more in tax
as they consume more.
OBJECTIVES
66 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
i GST collected on output (output tax) is deducted against the GST paid
on input (input tax)
If there is deficit, business can claim for refund from the government
Person who is registered under GST can only collect GST and the tax shall be
remitted to the government within the stipulated period.
In principle, GST is imposed on all goods and services produced in the country
including imports. However, certain basic foodstuff likes rice, sugar, flour, cooking
oil, vegetable, fish and meat, eggs and essential services such as health and
private education, public transportation, residential property and agriculture land
are not subject to GST. Such exemption is to ensure that the lower income group
is not burdened by GST.
Only businesses with annual sales turnover of RM500,000 and above are liable
to be registered under GST. Businesses having an annual sales turnover of less
than this amount are not liable to be registered under the GST. However, such
businesses can apply for voluntary registration.
ADVANTAGES
Reduction in business costs:
-Can claim the input tax due based on the invoice produced
DISADVANTAGES
Critics have argued that the GST is a regressive tax, which has a more
pronounced effect on lower income earners, meaning that the tax consumes a
higher proportion of their income, compared to those earning large incomes.
Problem:
Public does not fully understand on GST/ lack of self initiative to understand
GST
Actions:
Example:
68 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Problem:
Business community reluctant to implement GST due to high cost for initial
start
Actions:
Examples:
1. Malaysia’s 2015 budget set aside grants of RM100 million for businesses and
their employees to attend GST courses
2. Tax deductions for expenses incurred for GST-related training
3. Financial assistance of RM150 million (US$ 40.711 million) to small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) to purchase accounting software
Problem:
Action:
Example:
69 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Problem:
Action:
Example:
-With GST, business can benefit from recovering input tax on raw materials and
incurred expenses, thus reducing costs.
2. Enhance compliance
-Under SST, has many inherent weaknesses making administration difficult. GST
system has in-build mechanism to make the tax administration self-policy and
therefore will enhance compliance.
-Under GST, this system is abolished as business can offset automatically the GST
on inputs in their returns compared SST.
70 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
4. Equity
-With GST, taxes are leveled fairly among all the business involved, whether they
are in the manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing or services sectors.
-GST eliminates double taxation under SST. Consumers will pay fairer prices for
most goods and services compared to SST.
71 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Petak aksesori: tmpt eksklusif pemilik hak strata. Cth: tmpt letak kereta.
Harta bsama: mana2 lot bukan eksklusif. Cth: lif, tmpt letak
6. LARANGAN - buang kotoran diatas harta bsama, mdtgkn bau, pelihara haiwan
yg membawa kegusaran kpd pemilik lain.
72 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
Terrorism and transnational organized crime are serious global concerns that have
the potential to endanger the stability and security of nations as well as threaten
international peace. The fight against both terrorism and transnational organized
crime must be done comprehensively.
After the terrorist attack on World Trade Centre and Pentagon in the United States
on 11 September 2001, Malaysia is facing growing threats from regional terrorist
groups, the most notable is Jemaah Islamiyah.
a) 15 September 2011
Prime Minister, Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Razak announced the repeal of the
Internal Security Act 1960
b) 11 February 2013
An around 235 terrorists calling themselves as the Royal Security Forces of
the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo (led by Agbimuddin Kiram) arrived by
boats in the village of Tanduo, near Tungku in Lahad Datu district, Sabah
from neighbouring Simunul island, Tawi-Tawi of southern Philippines,
resulting the 2013 Lahad Datu standoff was declared.
c) 6 April 2015
Malaysian authorities arrest seventeen suspected IS militants who were
involved in an alleged terror plot in the Kuala Lumpur capital
73 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Border control has also been tightened in the Southeast Asian nation, and the
Defense Ministry has stated that the armed forces are ready to be deployed,
should they be called upon by the National Security Council.
They have also been very proactive, especially in terms of monitoring flight
manifests, preventing people from traveling to and from Syria and Iraq and
monitoring social media, said Zachary Abuza, a Southeast Asia security
expert and professor at the Washington-based National War College.
All foreigners entering Malaysia by land, air and sea are required to provide
biometric fingerprints of both thumbs and index fingers at all Malaysian
immigration entry points.
RECOMMENDATION TO PEOPLE
Avoid all travel to the coastal resorts of eastern Sabah, including the islands,
dive sites and associated tourist facilities owing to the continuing high threat
of kidnapping. The risk of kidnapping increases on the water and waterfront
after nightfall.
74 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
If you plan to travel by bus, choose a reputable company and avoid overnight
routes.
Consider the level of security provided by a hotel before you make a choice.
Don’t simply believe what people say (as the power of social media to viral
any news) unless have be verified by the government.
Train our family to love the country so that they are not born to be a terrorist.
CONCLUSION
75 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
OBJEKTIF
Pada Mei 2015, pasukan keselamatan telah menemui sebanyak 139 kubur di 28
kem sementara di sempadan Malaysia-Thailand. Walaupun pihak berkuasa
Malaysia telah mengesahkan tiada penglibatan sindiket daripada warga Malaysia
namun isu ini perlu disekat dan dibanteras sebelum ianya menular dan melibatkan
rakyat Malaysia.
Isu ini berpunca daripada penguat kuasaan undang-undang yang lemah serta tidak
jelas selain daripada sikap pecah amanah pegawai-pegawai yang diaturgerakkan
untuk memantau keselamatan negara. Selain itu,permintaan ke atas buruh asing
juga meningkat bagi memenuhi keperluan di sector pembinaan, perkilangan dan
pertanian.
Jika isu ini berlarutan hingga ke Malaysia, permasalahan ini akan menganggu gugat
akan keselamatan negara seterusnya kepercayaan pelancong turut terjejas.
Keyakinan daripada pelabur asing juga berkurangan di atas faktor kawalan
keselamatan yang longgar dan kegagalan Malaysia menangani isu berkenaan. Hal
ini menjadikan ekonomi negara malap dan tidak bermaya ekoran kehausan
pelaburpelabur asing yang mencari keselamatan negara yang lebih terjamin.
Beberapa langkah perlu diambil dengan segera bagi membanteras isu global ini
daripada terus berleluasa. Pihak berkuasa perlu mengambil langkah drastic dan
signifikan dengan memantau anggota yang diberi tanggungjawab menjaga
keselamatan di sempadan negara. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan ‘integrity test’
dan pengisytiharan harta dikalangan pegawai setiap tahun sedikit sebanyakmampu
mengekang budaya rasuah dikalangan pegawai berkuasa.
Selain itu, perletakan anggota penguat kuasa secara static dilaluan-laluan panas
pemerdagangan manusia mampu membantutkan operasi haram sindiket selain
daripada pihak berwajib mengambil inisiatif melakukan pertukaran pegawai yang
76 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Oleh kerana isu ini merupakan isu diperingkat global, maka pihak kerajaan perlu
menangani isu ini secara efektif dan holistik. Penguat kuasaan secara luwes
mengakibatkan sindiket haram semakin berani meluaskan rangkaian diperingkat
antarabangsa. Usaha sama dan bidang kuasa diantara negara jiran perlu dijelaskan
dan diperhalusi secara bersama. Usahan pemburuan dalang sindiket secara
konsisten, pengenaan hukuman lebih berat sudah pasti dapat mengatasi masalah ini
daripada terus bermaharaja lela.
77 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Intro: To accommodate Malaysia’s falling revenue from lower oil prices and
uncertainties in the global economy.
2. Special tax relief of RM 2000 for those with monthly income of RM 8000 or
below for the year of assessment of 2015.
Adv: Benefit to 2 million taxpayers, individual tax saves up to RM475.
Dis: Government will forgo a revenue of RM350 million.
78 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
79 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
PENGENALAN
STATISTIK
MASALAH/KESAN NEGATIF
80 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Pendatang asing yang berpenyakit ini akan bergaul bebas dengan rakyat
Malaysia dan secara tidak langsung akan menyebarkan penyakit-penyakit
tersebut kepada rakyat Malaysia.
KELEBIHAN/KESAN POSITIF
81 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
3. Agen pelancongan
CADANGAN
1. Peranan Masyarakat
82 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
GAGASAN 1 MALAYSIA
• Gagasan 1Malaysia diperkenalkan pada 3 April2009 oleh Dato Seri’ Mohd Najib
Tun AbdRazak
Objektif
1. PENERIMAAN
Menerima hakikat bahwa rakyat Malaysia terdiri daripada pelbagai kaum yang
mempunyai kepelbagaian dari segi cara hidup, amalan dan kebudayaan. Rakyat
harus menerima antara satu sama lain sebagai rakan setia.
2. KENEGARAAN
Konsep perpaduan semangat nasionalisme dan cinta akan negara menjadi asas
pembentukkan 1Malaysia.
3. KEADILAN SOSIAL
Memberikan kebajikan dan aspek-aspek sosial yang penting secara adil tanpa
mengira latar belakang atau agama. Setiap wakil rakyat bertindak melepasi
sempadan kaum masing-masing dan melebarkan perkhidmatan kepada kaum-kaum
lain.
83 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Teras Nilai-nilai Aspirasi akan membantu dalam mewujudkan tenaga kerja yang
berdaya maju dan mampu bersaing dalam persekitaran global dan seterusnya
membantu melonjakkan kedudukan ekonomi negara ke tahap yang lebih kukuh dan
matang.
8 – NILAI ASPIRASI
2. BUDAYA KETEPATAN
Mencapai status negara maju dengan menepati waktu dan mengutamakan
kecekapan dalam melaksanakan semua tugas dan kewajipan.
3. BUDAYA ILMU
Rakyat memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang tinggi dan terkini serta kesediaan untuk
menimba ilmu secara berterusan.
4. INTEGRITI
Rakyat memiliki integrity yang tinggi yang mencakupi nilai-nilai murni seperti
amanah, bersih dan cekap dalam melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung-jawab.
5. KETABAHAN
Rakyat memiliki sifat berdedikasi , penuh iltizam, azam dan tekad serta tidak mudah
mengaku kalah dalam mengharungi masaalah dan cabaran.
6. KESETIAAN
Rakyat harus memiliki kesetiaan yang sepenuhnya terhadap negara dan sedia
berbakti dan berkorban demi negara.
7. KEBIJAKSANAAN
Rakyat harus menghadapi sebarang masaalah secara penuh berhemah dan teliti
bagi mengelakkan sebarang konflik antara kaum.
8. BUDAYA INOVASI
Rakyat haruslah berinovasi, iaitu memiliki sifat-sifat seperti berani berubah untuk
kebaikan, berani mencari penyelesaian baru dalam menangani masaalah dan
sentiasa perintis dalam apa jua lapangan.
84 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
85 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
TOPIK 17 : CATUTAN
Topik: Catutan
Pengenalan
Kementerian yang terlibat: Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan
(KPDNKK)
Objektif
Pihak berkuasa boleh bertindak segera terhadap peniaga yang mengaut keuntungan secara
berlebihan dan akan menjadi satu platform penting yang menjaga hak dan kepentingan pengguna.
Akta
Ops Catut dikuatkuasakan di bawah Akta Kawalan Harga dan Anti Pencatutan 2011, Akta Timbang
dan Sukat 1972, Akta Perlindungan Pengguna 1999 dan Akta Perihal Dagangan 2011.
Recommendation
Pemeriksaan akan dijalankan secara berterusan di semua peringkat perniagaan tanpa mengira di
bandar atau luar bandar, merangkumi pengilang, pengeluar, pembekal, pengedar, pengimport,
pasar raya, kedai runcit, pasar tani, pasar malam, pasar basah, restoran dan sektor perkhidmatan.
KPDNKK tidak akan teragak-agak untuk mengambil tindakan tegas ke atas semua pihak yang
melakukan kesalahan termasuk membatalkan lesen perniagaan sekiranya disabitkan kesalahan oleh
mahkamah
Sabit kesalahan, individu boleh didenda sehingga RM100,000 atau penjara maksimum tiga tahun
atau kedua-duanya sekali dan bagi korporat atau perbadanan, tidak melebihi RM250,000.
Penutup
Akta ini hanya boleh menyekat dan mengenakan tindakan terhadap peniaga yang menjual barangan
untuk mencari keuntungan berlebihan tanpa sebab munasabah. Oleh itu pengguna disaran
merancang perbelanjaan, sentiasa bijak dan berhemah setiap kali membeli barang serta waspada
terhadap peniaga yang meletakkan harga keterlaluan dan sesuka hati mereka.
Membuat aduan
Sebarang aduan boleh disalurkan menerusi e-mel, e-aduan@kpdnkk.gov.my atau hubungi talian
bebas tol 1-800-886-800 atau kunjungi mana-mana pejabat KPDNKK berdekatan.
86 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
TOPIK 18 : PERLEMBAGAAN
PERLEMBAGAAN MALAYSIA
Perlembagaan ialah satu dokumen yang mengandungi semua susunan peraturan dan undang-
undang dasar yang dianggap penting bagi pemerintahan dan pentadbiran sesebuah Negara.
Perlembagaan Malaysia, dikenali juga sebagai Perlembagaan Persekutuan adalah undang-
undang tertinggi di Malaysia yang menjadi sumber dan punca kepada semua undang-undang.
Ia merupakan satu dokumen undang-undang bertulis yang telah dibentuk berasaskan kepada
dua dokumen terdahulu iaitu Perjanjian Persekutuan Tanah Melayu 1948 dan Perlembagaan
Kemerdekaan tahun 1957. Perlembagaan Persekutuan memberikan jaminan terhadap hak
asasi dan kebebasan rakyat dan keadilan sosial untuk semua kaum di negara ini. Selain itu ia
menjamin keadilan, kerjasama, kesepakatan dan kepentingan bersama antara Kerajaan
Persekutuan dan Kerajaan Negeri.
2. Sejarah ringkas
Perlembagaan ini telah dirangka berdasarkan nasihat daripada Suruhanjaya Reid yang telah
melakukan kajian dalam tahun 1956. Perlembagaan berkenaan berkuatkuasa sejurus selepas
kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957. Ia bermula daripada satu persidangan perlembagaan yang
telah diadakan di London pada 18 Januari hingga 6 Februari 1956 yang dihadiri oleh satu
rombongan delegasi daripada Persekutuan Malaya, yang mengandungi empat wakil
pemerintah, iaitu ketua Menteri Persekutuan (Tunku Abdul Rahman) dan tiga menteri-
menteri lain, dan juga Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British di Malaya dan penasihat-penasihatnya.
•Tidak ada sebarang institusi di Malaysia yang boleh mengatasi kuasa dan kedudukan
Perlembagaan;
87 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
•Walaupun Yang di-Pertuan Agong adalah Ketua Negara, tetapi Baginda juga tertakluk
kepada Perlembagaan.
4. Kepentingan Perlembagaan
Bahagian
Jadual
Jadual Pertama [Perkara 18(1), 19(9)] - Sumpah Pemohon bagi Pendaftaran atau
Penaturalisasian
Jadual Kedua [Perkara 39]
Bahagian I [Perkara 14(1)(a)] - Kewarganegaraan Melalui Kuat Kuasa
Undang-undang bagi Orang yang Lahir Sebelum Hari Malaysia
Bahagian II [Perkara 14(1)(b)] - Kewarganegaraan Melalui Kuat Kuasa
Undang-undang bagi Orang yang Lahir Pada atau Selepas Hari Malaysia
Bahagian III [Perkara 31] - Peruntukan Tambahan Berhubung dengan
Kewarganegaraan
Jadual Ketiga [Perkara 32 dan 33] - Pemilihan Yang di-Pertuan Agong dan Timbalan
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Jadual Keempat [Perkara 37] - Sumpah Jawatan bagi Yang di-Pertuan Agong dan
Timbalan Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Jadual Kelima [Perkara 38(1)] - Majlis Raja-Raja
Jadual Keenam [Perkara 43(6), 43B(4), 57(1A)(a), 59(1), 124, 142(6)] - Bentuk
Sumpah dan Ikrar
Jadual Ketujuh [Perkara 45] - Pemilihan Ahli-Ahli Dewan Negara
Jadual Kelapan [Perkara 71] - Peruntukan yang hendaklah Dimasukkan ke dalam
Perlembagaan Negeri
Bahagian I - Peruntukan Tetap
Bahagian II - Peruntukan Sementara sebagai Gantian bagi Peruntukan dalam
Bahagian I
Jadual Kesembilan [Perkara 74, 77] - Senarai Perundangan (Tanggungjawab dan
hak kerajaan Persekutuan dan Negeri)
Jadual Kesepuluh [Perkara 109, 112C, 161C(3)] - Pemberian dan Sumber Hasil
yang Diserahhakkan kepada Negeri
Bahagian I - Pemberian Ikut Kepala
Bahagian II - Pemberian Jalan Negeri
Bahagian III - Sumber Hasil yang Diberikan kepada Negeri
Bahagian IV - Pemberian Khas kepada Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak
Bahagian V - Sumber Tambahan Hasil yang Diserahhakkan kepada Negeri
Sabah dan Sarawak
89 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Perkara 10
Perkara 10 menyatakan mengenai hak warganegara Malaysia dalam bercakap, berhimpun dan
berpersatuan.
Perkara 11
Perkara 11 Perlembagaan Malaysia menyatakan bahawa Islam merupakan Agama
Persekutuan. Sungguh pun begitu agama-agama lain boleh diamalkan dengan aman dan
damai di mana-mana Bahagian Persekutuan
Perkara 48
Perkara 48 menyatakan mengenai kehilangan hak kelayakan sebagai ahli parlimen. Yang
paling popular adalah pada klausa 1(e) dia telah disabitkan atas suatu kesalahan oleh sesuatu
mahkamah di Persekutuan (atau, sebelum Hari Malaysia, di wilayah yang termasuk di dalam
Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak atau di Singapura) dan dihukum dengan pemenjaraan selama
tempoh tidak kurang daripada satu tahun atau denda tidak kurang daripada dua ribu ringgit
dan dia tidak mendapat pengampunan bebas;
Perkara 107
Perkara 107 menyatakan mengenai Laporan Ketua Audit Negara. Ketua Audit
Negara hendaklah mengemukakan laporan-laporannya kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong yang
hendaklah menyebabkan laporan itu dibentangkan di hadapan Dewan Rakyat.
Satu naskhah mana-mana laporan itu yang berhubungan dengan akaun bagi sesuatu Negeri,
atau berhubungan dengan akaun-akaun bagi mana-mana pihak berkuasa awam yang
menjalankan kuasa yang diberikan oleh undang-undang Negeri, hendaklah dikemukakan
kepada Raja atau Yang di-Pertua Negeri bagi Negeri itu yang hendaklah menyebabkan
laporan itu dibentangkan di hadapan Dewan Undangan.
90 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Perkara 152
Perkara 152 Perlembagaan Malaysia menyatakan bahawa bahasa kebangsaan
merupakan bahasa Melayu. Walau bagimanapun, perlembagaan menjamin kebebasan
pembelajaran dan penggunaan bahasa-bahasa lain, kecuali di atas tujuan-tujuan
rasmi. Tujuan-tujuan Rasmi di sini bermakna apa-apa tujuan kerajaan, samada negara atau
negeri, dan termasuklah apa-apa tujuan penguasaan awam. Untuk penguatkuasaan ini, semua
prosiding mahkamah dan dokumen-dokumen parlimen serta mesyuarat-mesyuarat mesti
dilakukan di dalam bahasa Melayu.
Tulisan rasmi bagi bahasa Melayu juga dinyatakan di dalam Artikel 152 sebagai rumi atau
tulisan Latin. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan Jawi tidak dilarang.
Perkara 153
Perkara 153 Perlembagaan Malaysia memberi hak kepada Yang di-Pertuan Agong,
bertanggungjawab menjaga hak-hak dan keistimewaan orang
Melayu dan bumiputeraMalaysia. Artikel ini secara terperinci memberitahu
bagaimana kerajaan persekutuan mempertahankan kepentingan kumpulan-kumpulan ini
dengan mendirikan kuota untuk kemasukan perkhidmatan awam, biasiswa dan pendidikan
awam. Ia biasa dianggap sebagai sebahagian daripada kontrak sosial.
Perkara 159
Perkara 159 Perlembagaan Malaysia memperuntukkan hak bagaimana perlembagaan
Malaysia dipinda. Perkara ini secara terperinci memberitahu bagaimana penggubal undang-
undang (ahli parlimen) membuat pindaan perlembagaan.
Perkara 160
Perkara 160 mendefinisikan bentuk perkataan pelbagai yang digunakan di dalam
perlembagaan. Ia memberikan impak penting pada Islam di Malaysia dan orang
Melayudisebabkan definisi seorang Melayu pada klausa 2.
Menurut Perkara 160 (2) Perlembagaan Persekutuan Malaysia, orang Melayu ditakrifkan
sebagai:
91 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
7. Pemindaan Perlembagaan
Hendaklah mendapat dua pertiga majoriti (2/3) bersetuju kepada pemindaan dan memerlukan
persetujuan dari kedua-dua dewan di parlimenMenurut Perkara 159 dan 161E, Perlembagaan
Persekutuan boleh dipinda melalui empat cara iaitu:
Melalui sokongan majoriti dua pertiga ahli Parlimen Malaysia dan perkenan
daripada Majlis Raja-Raja;
Melalui sokongan majoriti dua pertiga ahli Perlimen serta persetujuan Yang di-Pertua
Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak;
Melalui sokongan majoriti mudah dua pertiga ahli Parlimen;
Melalui sokongan majoriti dua pertiga ahli Parlimen.
Walaupun Perlembagaan boleh dipinda untuk kepentingan rakyat dan negara, tetapi terdapat
beberapa perkara yang tidak boleh dipersoalkan seperti:
Penutup
92 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
PENDAHULUAN
Modal insan merupakan individu yang berilmu, berkeyakinan, mempunyai nilai murni,
inovatif, berdisiplin, bersemangat patriotik, cekal dan berdaya saing. Dalam usaha membawa
Malaysia mencapai status negara maju berpendapatan tinggi menjelang tahun 2020, pelbagai
projek pembangunan telah dilaksanakan sama ada dari segi infrastruktur, ekonomi, mahupun
sosio-ekonomi. Salah satu elemen penting dan kritikal untuk mencapai Wawasan 2020 itu
ialah pembangunan modal insan.
OBJEKTIF
Bagi merealisasikan hasrat menjadi negara maju dan inklusif menjelang tahun 2020,
Malaysia memerlukan modal insan yang berpengetahuan, berilmu, beretika dan berakhlak
untuk memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi yang mampan dan inklusif.
Modal insaniah yang holistik mencakupi antaranya modal intelek, pelbagai kemahiran seni
dan pertukangan, kemahiran berkomunikasi, kemahiran inter-personal, berfikir, kreativiti
serta inovasi.
1. Menyediakan sumber manusia yang berkualiti dalam sektor awam dan sektor swasta
Tanpa sumber manusia berkualiti, sesebuah negara akan lemah kerana
ketiadaan faktor manusia yang menjadi pencetus kepada inisiatif baru dalam
kegiatan sosioekonominya.
2. Melahirkan masyarakat yang berdaya saing dalam bidang ekonomi
Masyarakat yang berdaya saing secara sihat akan sentiasa memperbaiki dan
meningkatkan kemahiran dan kebolehpasaran diri dan seterusnya
menyumbang kepada kemajuan ekonomi dan produktiviti negara.
3. Melahirkan barisan pemimpin yang berkaliber dan bertanggungjawab
Sebagai pencetus dan penggerak kepada kemajuan negara, barisan pemimpin
perlulah berdedikasi tinggi dan mempunyai sikap bertanggungjawab dalam
memegang amanah dan tanggungjawab yang telah diberikan kepada mereka.
4. Melahirkan masyarakat yang mempunyai nilai sahsiah diri yang tinggi
Masyarakat yang berpegang kepada nilai sahsiah diri yang tinggi dapat
membentuk sebuah negara maju yang cemerlang dari aspek ekonomi, sosio-
ekonomi, politik, kewangan dan bersih daripada pelbagai aspek negatif.
RMKe-11 akan menghasilkan anjakan penting dalam pengoperasian sistem sedia ada bagi
melahirkan bakat bertaraf dunia yang mampu bersaing dalam ekonomi global. RMKe-11
mengunjurkan pewujudan sebanyak 1.5 juta pekerjaan baharu menjelang tahun 2020.
Sebanyak 60% daripadanya memerlukan kemahiran berkaitan TVET. Sehubungan dengan
itu, kerajaan akan memberikan tumpuan kepada empat bidang:
94 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
4. Menambah baik kualiti sistem pendidikan bagi peningkatan outcome pelajar dan
kecemerlangan institusi
Menambah baik pencapaian murid melalui peningkatan akses dan kualiti
Mempertingkatkan tadbir urus dan kerjasama pihak berkepentingan untuk
sokongan sekolah yang lebih baik
Mempertingkatkan kualiti graduan dan program dan memperkukuh
penyelidikan untuk inovasi
Mencapai kecemerlangan dalam tadbir urus IPT dan kemampanan kewangan
95 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
1. Topic : Ppsmi
2. Objektif
Mencapai taraf negara maju
Persiapan dari peringkat awal sekolah utk bersaing dlm era globalisasi
4. Pengenalan
Dilaksana kepada pelajar tahun 1 dan tingkatan 1 tahun persekolahan
2003
PPSMI dilaksana dengan peperiksaan UPSR, PMR, SPM dan STPM
dalam dwibahasa dari tahun 2003 hingga 2007.
Dimansuhkan secara berperingkat menggunakan kaedah “soft landing”
mulai 2012
Digantikan dengan dasar Memartabatkan Bahasa Melayu dan
Memperkukuhkan Bahasa Inggeris (MBMMBI)
5. Facts
Medium digunakan
Buku teks
Buku latihan dan aktiviti
Buku panduan guru
MyCD (pupil CD ROM)
Buku amali sains
Buku glosari (rujukan istilah dan definisi)
6. Kelebihan
Tahap penguasaan pelajar dan guru dalam bahasa inggeris meningkat
secara tidak langsung
Tahap keyakinan pelajar utk bertutur dalam bahasa inggeris meningkat
Menyediakan pelajar untuk alam pekerjaan dan pengajian tinggi yang
majoritinya menggunakan bahasa inggeris
Banyak bahan kajian dan penemuan adalah dalam bahasa
inggeris,memudahkan pelajar faham
Keputusan peperiksaan pelajar yang fasih berbahasa inggeris
meningkat
7. Kekurangan
Kesukaran murid murid mengikuti pelajaran yang bukan dalam bahasa
ibunda
Kesukaran guru menyesuaikan diri kepada perubahan bahasa
perantara
Kesan terhadap penguasaan bahasa ibunda di peringkat sekolah
Kanak kanak luar bandar tercicir
Keputusan peperiksaan pelajar yang kurang fasih berbahasa inggeris
merudum
8. Cadangan
PPSMI digantikan dengan dasar Memartabatkan Bahasa Melayu dan
Memperkukuhkan Bahasa Inggeris (MBMMBI)
Untuk pelaksanaan dalam bahasa inggeris, latihan untuk guru harus
diberikan secara berterusan
Artikel artikel ilmiah boleh disediakan dalam dwibahasa bagi
membantu meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa inggeris disamping
memberi kefahaman tentang maklumat yang disampaikan dalam
bahasa melayu
97 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
98 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
1. Topik
2. Objectif
2. Membangunkan Malaysia sebagai pusat atau hab automotif serantau dalam bidang-
bidang khusus.
6. Menjaga kepentingan pengguna dengan menawarkan produk yang selamat dan berkualiti
pada harga yang berpatutan
3. Kumpulan sasaran
- Mainly : Pengguna (memberi faedah terutama dari segi jaminan keselamatan dan
perindungan alam sekitar)
4. Introduction
- Merupakan teras utama di bawah Pelan Induk Perindustrian Ketiga (IMP3) , 2006-2020
99 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
C. Teknologi (Galakan bagi produk bernilai tambah tinggi dan berteknologi hijau)
- Insentif fiskal yg lebih baik terhadap syarikat yg terlibat dgn
pengeluaran komponen dan sistem kenderaan
- Insentif fiskal dan pengecualian cukai serta geran R&D jika syarikat
terlibat dlm perlaburan pembangunan kenderaan hybrid dan
elektrik
H. TARIKH KUATKUASA
- Dasar dan langkah-langkah baru ini akan dikuatkuasakan bermula
1 Januari 2010.
8. RECOMMENDATION
- http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/component/content/ar
ticle/88-dasar-dasar-negara/14195-dasar-automotif-nasional.html
- http://www.pekema.org.my/laman-utama-2/kajian-semula-dasar-
automotif-nasional/
- http://www.slideshare.net/lrtcoolman/dasar-
automotifnasionalnap
Serta nota2 di laman web lain.
101 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
From : http://www.slideshare.net/lrtcoolman/dasar-automotifnasionalnap
102 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
KEPADA EKONOMI
Introduction:
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cadangan
103 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Diumumkan dalam Bajet 2012 – memperuntukan RM232.8billion (Rm181.6b utk pengurusan &
Rm51.2b utk pembangunan)
Mengekalkan Tumpuan berpaksikan rakyat melalui MODAL EKONOMI BARU
Tujuan
5 Fokus Utama
Meligatkan pelaburan
MELIGAT PELABURAN
104 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
• Dana Pembiayaan PKS patuh syariah berjumlah RM2 bilion – Kerajaan menanggung 2% daripada
kadar keuntungan
• Dana SME Revitalisation Fund berjumlah RM100 juta kepada usahawan berwibawa untuk
membangunkan semula perniagaan
• Dana Kecemasan PKS berjumlah RM10 juta bagi membiayai PKS yang terlibat dengan bencana
alam
• Dana Inovasi Pengkomersialan PKS patuh syariah berjumlah RM500 juta – Kerajaan menanggung
2% daripada kadar keuntungan
2. dan IPTA
7. Mengkomersialkan 300 harta intelek baru dalam bentuk produk dan teknologi baru – jangkaan
GNI, RM30 Bil.
INSENTIF PERCUKAIAN
• Pengecualian cukai untuk menarik pelabur memilih Malaysia sebagai destinasi utama
Perkhidmatan Pengurusan Perbendaharaan yang merangkumi cukai pendapatan sebanyak 70% bagi
tempoh 5 tahun,
• perjanjian perkhidmatan.
105 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
• Pelanjutan selama 5 tahun lagi bagi kadar cukai konsesi 10% ke atas
• pelabur institusi bukan korporat dan pelabur individu yang melabur dalam
Industri Perhotelan
• Memberi Galakan Taraf Perintis dengan pengecualian cukai pendapatan sebanyak 70% atau Elaun
Cukai Pelaburan sebanyak 60% bagi tempoh 5 tahun kepada pengusaha yang melabur dalam hotel
baru bertaraf 4 dan 5 bintang di Semenanjung Malaysia.
Lain-lain
• Mengkaji semula kadar RPGT bagi membendung RPGT spekulasi dalam pasaran hartanah
• Perkhidmatan reka bentuk industri diberi pengecualian cukai pendapatan sebanyak 70% selama 5
tahun.
• Pakej insentif percukaian kepada sekolah swasta seperti pengecualian cukai pendapatan sebanyak
70% atau elaun Cukai Pelaburan sebanyak 100% ke atas perbelanjaan modal dalam tempoh 5 tahun.
• Potongan cukai ke atas sumbangan kewangan kepada institusi pendidikan rendah dan menengah
yang berdaftar termasuk sekolah kebangsaan, sekolah jenis kebangsaan, sekolah mubaligh dan
sekolah agama serta tempat-tempat ibadat yang berdaftar.
• Galakan cukai bagi sektor swasta memantapkan pembangunan modal insan berkemahiran tinggi
potongan dua kali ke atas elaun yang dibayar oleh syarikat swasta kepada peserta program
internship.
PENDIDIKAN
B. Pemansuhan bayaran tambahan RM24.50 bagi sekolah rendah dan RM33.50 bagi sekolah
menengah
106 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
B. Mewujudkan Pusat Transformasi Luar Bandar (RTC) sebagai pusat integrasi perkhidmatan –
perluasan di Kedah, Johor, Sabah & S’wak
C. Dana Perkhidmatan Profesional bagi golongan profesional berjumlah RM100 juta ringgit secara
pinjaman mudah dengan kadar faedah 4%.
D. Projek Lonjakan Mega Luar Bandar di 11 kawasan Projek Agropolitan seluruh negara (RM110 juta)
E. Pembangunan infrastruktur asas luar bandar, RM5 Bilion (bekalan air, elektrik, rumah dan
jalanraya)
G. Projek Bekalan Air Retikulasi di Sabah dan Sarawak dan Projek infrastruktur sistem bekalan air –
FELDA; serta kemudahan bekalan air bersih – Ladang Estet (RM50 juta bagi penyambungan paip &
pemberian tarif domestik)
B. Menambah baik struktur gaji penjawat awam- kenaikan antara 7 hingga 13 peratus
C. kenaikan Gaji Tahunan penjawat awam antara RM80 hingga RM320 mengikut gred.
F. Melanjutkan umur persaraan wajib penjawat awam dari 58 tahun kepada 60 tahun
G. Bantuan yuran pengajian – ijazah sarjana muda (20,000 tempat), ijazah sarjana (5,000 tempat) &
PHD (500 tempat)
Pesara Kerajaan
Melaksanakan kenaikan tahunan sebanyak 2% setahun tanpa perlu menunggu sebarang semakan
sistem saraan atau pelarasan gaji
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
• Bayaran khas sebanyak RM3,000 kepada kakitangan yang telah menamatkan kontrak dari Jabatan
Hal Ehwal Khas (JASA), dan Jabatan Kemajuan Masyarakat (KEMAS)
• Bayaran khas sebanyak RM3,000 kepada bekas anggota serta duda dan balu polis khas dan polis
tambahan yang pernah berkhidmat menjaga keselamatan negara semasa zaman darurat.
• Program latihan khusus untuk pesara tentera bagi menceburi bidang perniagaan
108 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Intro :
Objektif :
Fakta :
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Advantage :
2. Keselamatan negara akan lebih terjamin apabila negara anggota tidak hanya
mementingkan kedaulatan negera sendiri. Sikap toleransi dapat mencegah
aktiviti keganasan yang makin meruncing.
Isu-isu :
1. Masih ramai rakyat negara ASEAN tidak peka dengan pelancaran dan objektif
Komuniti ASEAN. Para pemimpin perlu memupuk kesedaran rakyat dengan
menyampaikan maklumat dengan lebih berkesan melalui unit penerangan
masing2.
* Maaf kalau ada kekurangan. Semoga urusan kita semua dipermudahkan. Ada rezeki
InsyaAllah kita lepas peringkat PAC ni sama-sama. Doakan saya
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Pengenalan
Virus yang disebarkan oleh nyamuk Simptom-simptom
Aedes. Demam ringan, bintik-bintik
Dikenalpasti drpd monyet pada (rashes) di badan, sakit sendi,
1947 di Uganda, dan manusia pening, konjunktivitis.
pada1952. Tidak menyebabkan kematian.
Kenapa Malaysia Berisiko Tinggi bagi Penularan Apa yang Perlu Dibuat Sekiranya
Jangkitan Ini? Dijangkiti Virus Ini?
Terdapat nyamuk Aedes di Malaysia dengan Dapatkan rehat yang secukupnya.
densiti yang sangat tinggi. Minum banyak air bagi
Penyakit ini belum terdapat di Malaysia : rakyat mengelakkan ternyahidrat.
tidak mempunyai imuniti terhadap penyakit ini dan Ambil ubat-ubatan yang boleh
mudah merebak dengan pantas sekiranya mengurangkan sakit dan demam.
dijangkiti. Gunakan kelambu ketika tidur.
Tiada vaksin dan ubatan khusus : Orang yang Pakai pakaian yang menutupi
dijangkiti akan menjadi sumber jangkitan kepada kebanyakan bahagian tubuh.
yang lain.
‘Pembawa yang sihat’ : Orang yang dijangkiti tidak
menunjukkan sebarang gejala yang boleh
dikenalpasti, dan menyebarkan virus tanpa
disedari.
Rawatan
Tiada vaksin dan ubat khusus untuk
membunuh virus ini.
111 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Komplikasi Lain
‘Microcephaly’
- Kelahiran bayi dengan kepala/otak
mengecil.
- Kecacatan yang kekal.
- Boleh mempengaruhi kualiti hidup
bayi hingga dewasa. Pencegahan
Sindrom ‘Gullain-Barre’ Memakai ‘insect repellent’.
- Kelemahan sistem saraf. Memakai pakaian yang berwarna
cerah dan menutupi kebanyakan
bahagian tubuh.
Pasang jaring nyamuk dan skrin
pada tingkap rumah.
Kurangkan aktiviti di kawasan
berisiko terutamanya ketika waktu
awal pagi dan lewat petang.
- Waktu puncak untuk nyamuk
Diagnosis
Aedes aktif.
Berdasarkan simptom-simptom.
Musnahkan tempat pembiakan
Melalui ujian makmal.
nyamuk Aedes.
- Pengenalpastian RNA virus zika
- Sebarang takungan air atau bekas
pada darah/urin/air liur (cecair
yang berpotensi.
badan)
112 | P a g e
NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
Pengenalan
Dua belas NKEA menjadi teras ETP, dan salah satunya adalah NKEA Pertanian.
Sektor pertanian memainkan peranan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi
Malaysia – mewujudkan peluang pekerjaan dan meningkatkan pendapatan
penduduk luar bandar serta menjamin keselamatan makanan negara. Selepas
mengecualikan tanaman perindustrian seperti minyak sawit dan getah, sektor
pertanian menyumbang RM20 bilion atau 4 peratus daripada PNK Malaysia pada
2009.
ETP memberi fokus kepada 12 Bidang Ekonomi Utara Negara (NKEA) iaitu:
OBJEKTIF
FUNGSI
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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NOTES [PAC PTD 2016]
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