TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

363 P. CASAL STREET, QUIAPO MANILA

PHYSICAL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

ASSIGNMENT
(BASKETBALL)

AC22KB2

Submitted by: Krista D.L. Flores

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

The Birthplace of Basketball

Basketball is built into the fabric of Springfield
College. The game was invented by Springfield
College instructor and graduate student James
Naismith in 1891, and has grown into the worldwide
athletic phenomenon we know it to be today.

Where Basketball Originated

It was the winter of 1891-1892. Inside a gymnasium at Springfield College (then known as the
International YMCA Training School), located in Springfield, Mass., was a group of restless
college students. The young men had to be there; they were required to participate in indoor
activities to burn off the energy that had been building up since their football season ended. The
gymnasium class offered them activities such as marching, calisthenics, and apparatus work, but
these were pale substitutes for the more exciting games of football and lacrosse they played in
warmer seasons.

James Naismith, The Person Who Invented Basketball

The instructor of this class was James Naismith, a 31-year-old graduate student. After graduating
from Presbyterian College in Montreal with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of
athletics and headed to Springfield to study physical education—at that time, a relatively new and
unknown academic discipline—under Luther Halsey Gulick, superintendent of physical education
at the College and today renowned as the father of physical education and recreation in the United
States.

As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, looked
at his class, his mind flashed to the summer session of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course
in the psychology of play. In class discussions, Gulick had stressed the need for a new indoor
game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to play in the winter and by artificial
light.” No one in the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to invent such a game. But now,
faced with the end of the fall sports season and students dreading the mandatory and dull required
gymnasium work, Naismith had a new motivation.

Two instructors had already tried and failed to devise activities that would interest the young men.
The faculty had met to discuss what was becoming a persistent problem with the class’s unbridled
energy and disinterest in required work.

During the meeting, Naismith later wrote that he had expressed his opinion that “the trouble is not
with the men, but with the system that we are using.” He felt that the kind of work needed to
motivate and inspire the young men he faced “should be of a recreative nature, something that
would appeal to their play instincts.”

Before the end of the faculty meeting,

Gulick placed the problem squarely in
Naismith’s lap.

“Naismith,” he said. “I want you to take

that class and see what you can do with it.”

So Naismith went to work. His charge was

to create a game that was easy to assimilate, yet complex enough to be interesting. It had to be
playable indoors or on any kind of ground, and by a large number of players all at once. It should
provide plenty of exercise, yet without the roughness of football, soccer, or rugby since those
would threaten bruises and broken bones if played in a confined space.

Much time and thought went into this new creation. It became an adaptation of many games of its
time, including American rugby (passing), English rugby (the jump ball), lacrosse (use of a goal),
soccer (the shape and size of the ball), and something called duck on a rock, a game Naismith had
played with his childhood friends in Bennie’s Corners, Ontario. Duck on a rock used a ball and a
goal that could not be rushed. The goal could not be slammed through, thus necessitating “a goal
with a horizontal opening high enough so that the ball would have to be tossed into it, rather than
being thrown.”
Naismith approached the school janitor, hoping he could find two, 18-inch square boxes to use as
goals. The janitor came back with two peach baskets instead. Naismith then nailed them to the
lower rail of the gymnasium balcony, one at each end. The height of that lower balcony rail
happened to be ten feet. A man was stationed at each end of the balcony to pick the ball from the
basket and put it back into play. It wasn’t until a few years later that the bottoms of those peach
baskets were cut to let the ball fall loose.

Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which described, among other facets, the method of
moving the ball and what constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game would be divided
into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary
typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time later, the gym class met,
and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of
the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.

The Year Basketball was Invented

Word of the new game spread like wildfire. It was an instant success. A few weeks after the game
was invented, students introduced the game at their own YMCAs. The rules were printed in a
College magazine, which was mailed to YMCAs around the country. Because of the College’s
well-represented international student body, the game of basketball was introduced to many
foreign nations in a relatively short period of time. High schools and colleges began to introduce
the new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.

The rules have been tinkered with, but by-and-large, the game of “basket ball” has not changed
drastically since Naismith’s original list of “Thirteen Rules” was tacked up on a bulletin board at
Springfield College.
 Where was Basketball Invented?
There’s been some confusion over the precise
nature of the official relationship between
Springfield College and the YMCA, as it
relates to James Naismith and the invention of
basketball.

The confusion stems in part from changes in the School’s name in its early history. Originally the
School for Christian Workers, the School early in its history had three other names which included
“YMCA”: the YMCA Training School, the International YMCA Training School, and, later still,
the International YMCA College. The College didn’t officially adopt the name “Springfield
College” until 1954, even though it had been known informally as “Springfield College” for many
years.

But by whatever name, since its founding in 1885 Springfield College has always been a private
and independent institution. The College has enjoyed a long and productive collaboration with the
YMCA, but has never had any formal organizational ties to the YMCA movement.

The confusion has been compounded by a small sign on the corner of the building where basketball
was invented. The building stood at the corner of State and Sherman streets in Springfield,
Massachusetts. The sign, carrying the words “Armory Hill Young Men’s Christian Association,”
is visible in old photographs of the building that have circulated online. This has led some to
believe, erroneously, that the Armory Hill YMCA owned the building, and that James Naismith
was an employee of the YMCA.

However, in 2010, some historic YMCA documents and Springfield College documents from the
period were rediscovered. These documents prove conclusively that the gymnasium in which
Naismith invented basketball was located not in a YMCA but in a building owned and operated
by the School for Christian Workers, from which today’s Springfield College originated. The
building also included classrooms, dormitory rooms, and faculty and staff offices for the
institution. The Armory Hill YMCA rented space in the building for its activities, and used the
small sign to attract paying customers.
James Naismith, the inventor of basketball, was an instructor in physical education at the College.
It was Luther Halsey Gulick, Naismith’s supervisor and the College’s first physical education
director, who challenged Naismith to invent a new indoor game for the School’s students to play
during the long New England winter. There is currently no evidence to suggest that either man
ever worked for the Armory Hill YMCA, per se.

PROPER STANCE OF BASKETBALL

Eyes on target

 To improve accuracy, locate the target (rim) as early as possible.

 Keep your eyes on the target and do not follow the flight of the
ball.

 Keeping your target focus is very important!

Stance and balance

 Feet are shoulder width apart for good balance.

 Feet should be in a slightly staggered stance that is consistent and

comfortable for you. Your shooting foot is slightly ahead of the
non-shooting foot in a comfortable position.

 Point your feet in the general direction of the basket, but not
necessarily directly at it. We prefer an open stance, but you can
also use the closed (squared) stance if that's more comfortable for you. With an open
stance, your feet point towards one side of the basket. For example, a right handed
 shooter will point his or her feet just to the left of the rim for a more natural position and
shooting motion.

 Once you develop a comfortable stance, line up your feet the exact same way on every
shot. Whatever stance you use, consistency is critical.

 Flex/bend your knees on every shot.

Shot Pocket

 As you catch the ball, move it quickly into the shot pocket.

 Line everything up so the ball and your shooting eye form a

straight line to the basket. This is VERY important.

 Position the ball several inches above your waist.

 Grip the ball properly and be ready to shoot.

 Position the ball in your shot pocket the SAME way every time
you catch it.

Grip

 Place the air hole between the middle and index fingers.

 Line up your fingertip pads parallel to the long seams of the

ball, so you can monitor the back spin.

 Leave space between the ball and the middle of your palm.
You should be able to insert a pencil between the ball and your
palm area.
  Spread your fingers far enough apart to comfortably balance
the ball in one hand.


 The ball should sit on your finger pads.

Balance Hand

 Your non-shooting hand should be on the side of the ball. 

 Your balance hand should not add force or spin to the shot.

 Your non-shooting hand should not move on delivery and should ALWAYS come off
the ball FIRST.

Delivery

 The ball should start motion directly upwards from the shot pocket.
 Your elbow should be positioned comfortably under the ball.
 The ball stays in front of you and should not go behind your head.

 Uncoil your body with your legs, core, and arm power all coordinated.
 Your elbow and wrist should extend in a straight line to the basket.

 Your shooting hand should extend in a straight line to the rim.

 Hand position on delivery is very important. The ball should come off the hand with perfect
symmetrical backspin.

 As shown in the picture to the right, your guide hand stays to the side and does not influence
the flight of the ball.

Upforce and landing

 Release the ball on the way up, just before the top of your jump.
 Use your legs to generate upforce.
 You should land in the same spot that you jumped, which shows that you have good balance
on your shot.
Follow-through

 Your wrists should be floppy (relaxed).

 Fingers should be pointed at the target (rim).
 Finish high. You should see your fingers at the top square of the back
board.
 Hold your follow through position until the ball hits the rim.

BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL

Dribbling

Top point guards dribble and control the ball as if it were on a string. Good technique is critical
for a ball handler. You should dribble with your fingertips rather than your palm. Dribble with
your head up so you can see the opposition and your teammates. Keep your body low and use
your off-ball hand to help keep your defender at bay. Work on dribbling with both hands, so
you'll be as comfortable going to your left or your right.

Passing

Great passers can see the whole court and anticipate where a teammate will go and what a
defender will do. Mastering the basics is the place to start. Develop a two-hand chest pass,
bounce pass and overhead pass so you can deliver the ball to your teammates in the best position
for them to shoot or beat their defender. Steve Nash or Derrick Rose can dazzle you with a
behind-the-back or a no-look pass. But those moves are not just for show; they provide a
teammate the best chance to score.

Shooting

It's difficult to score if you can't shoot the ball effectively. As Better Basketball Coaching
explains, shooting is something of an art form, and some players, such as Kevin Durant and Ray
Allen, have a knack for it. But everyone can improve their shooting through proper technique
and lots of practice. Proper technique includes squaring your body up to the target, shooting the
ball with your fingertips, keeping your elbows from flying, putting backspin and arc on the shot
and following through completely after letting the ball fly.

Rebounding

Although it helps to be tall and have jumping ability, rebounding is a matter of desire as well as
ability. Charles Barkley was relatively small for a forward, but he was an outstanding rebounder.
He had the ability to determine where an errant shot was likely to fall, the willingness to crash
the boards relentlessly and the strength to block out taller opponents. Blocking out your
opponent -- also called boxing out -- is one of the keys to good rebounding. To do it effectively,
maintain your concentration and focus.

Defense

Even the best scorers go into shooting slumps. But you can always play good defense if you
hustle and understand both individual and team defense. When you are defending a player, keep
your head lower than his. Stay close enough to the offensive player to bother him -- but not so
close he can blow by you with one step. Know your opponent's tendencies so you can dictate the
direction you want him to move. Be aware of the other players on the court, so you can play help
defense when a teammate loses his man.

TYPES OF PASSING

Basketball isn’t a one-player game. Working on your passing can help you boost your team’s
performance on the court.
A team’s success on the hardwoodan boil down to how well the players work together. And that
usually starts with their ability to pass the ball.

“Great passers understand when to use the different types of passes that exist in the game of
basketball,” collegiate basketball coach Jason Ronai says. “The most commonly used passes are
the chest pass, push pass, bounce pass and overhead pass.”

CHEST PASS

To complete a chest pass:

 Pass the ball from your chest area using two hands.
 Aim for your teammate’s chest.
 Chest passes can be used when you’re not guarded heavily.

PUSH PASS

The push pass is used most often when closely guarded. This pass is similar to the chest pass,
except you push with one hand while taking a step to create space from your defender.

To complete a push pass:

 Push the ball with one hand toward your teammate’s chest area or shooting pocket.
 Use the hand farthest from the defender to pass the ball. This will typically be your right
hand when passing right and left hand when passing left.

BOUNCE PASS

The bounce pass is frequently used when your on-ball defender has their hands high and you still
need to make a pass. The bounce pass to a teammate regularly occurs when making a post-entry
pass or a pass from the post back out to a teammate if the post player is double teamed.
  Bounce the ball with strength, so that the ball bounces off the floor to the chest height of
your teammate.

OVERHEAD PASS

You can use the overhead pass (also known as a skip pass) to move the ball from one side of the
court to the other. This can be an effective way to reverse the ball to the opposite end of the court
when other passes aren’t open so a teammate can receive it with enough time to take a quality
shot.

 Raise the ball above your head.

 Use both hands to make a hard, accurate throw to a teammate across the court.
 Aim for your teammate’s chest, head or above their head, depending on how closely they
are guarded.

“As you watch basketball games on TV, try to identify the various types of passes and when they
are most often used,” Ronai says. “That knowledge will make you a more comfortable and
effective basketball player