EE605 Department of Electrical Engineering 2019-20-I

Exercise Set-2

1. If A and B are nonempty subsets of a vector space V, we denote A + B to be the set {a + b : a ∈ A, b ∈ B. Let W be
a vector subspace of V and v be a vector in V.
(a) Is {v}+W a vector subspace of V?
(b) What is W+W?
(c) Is it true that {v}+W = W if and only if v is in W?
(d) Let W1 and W2 to be vector subspaces of V. What is W1 +W2 if W1 ⊆ W2 ?
2. Let W1 and W2 to be vector subspaces of a vector space V. When is W1 ∪W2 a subspace of V? How about W1 +W2 ?
3. Prove or give counter example: W1 ,W2 , Z are subspaces of a vector space V such that

W1 + Z = W2 + Z

then W1 = W2 .
4. Prove or give counter example: W1 ,W2 , Z are subspaces of a vector space V such that

W1 ⊕ Z = W2 ⊕ Z

then W1 = W2 .
5. Show: If a vector u is a linear combination of v1 , v2 , · · · , vm and each vi a linear combination of w1 , w2 , · · · , wn
then u is a linear combination of wi ’s.
6. Show: If v1 , v2 , · · · , vr are linearly independent and v is a vector such that v1 , v2 , · · · , vr , v are linearly dependent,
then v is a linear combination of vi ’s.
7. Show: If vectors u1 , u2 , · · · , ur are linear combinations of the vectors v1 , v2 , · · · , vs then Span({u1 , u2 , · · · , ur }) is a
subspace of Span({v1 , v2 , · · · , vs }).
8. Let W and Z be subspaces of V. Show that the representation v = w + z, w ∈ W, z ∈ Z for vectors of W + Z is
unique exactly up to W ∩ Z; that is if also v = w0 + z0 then w0 = w + u, z0 = z − u with some u ∈ W ∩ Z.
9. Are the following vectors in R4 linearly independent?

(1, 0, 1, 1)T , (1, 1, −1, 1)T , (2, 1, 2, 2)T , and (0, 0, 1, 0)T .

10. Is (2, 1, −1, −1)T a linear combination of

(2, −1, −2, −8)T , (−1, 0, 2, 3)T , and (1, −2, 1, −3)T ?

11. Reduce to an independent family in C4 .

( j, 1 + j, 2, −1)T , (1 − j, 1, j, 2)T , (− j, j, 3 j, 2 − j)T , and (2 + j, 2 + 2 j, 1 + j, 1 + 2 j)T .

12. Are the following vectors in P3 linearly independent?

4x3 + 3x2 + 2x − 1, 5x3 + 4x2 + 3x − 1, −2x3 − 2x2 − x + 2, and 11x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.

13. Show: If a subfamily vi1 , vi2 , · · · , vir of a family v1 , v2 , · · · , vs is linearly dependent then the whole family is also
linearly dependent.
14. Let V = Rn , and W = {(α1 , α2 , · · · , αn )T : α1 = αn }. Find a basis of W .
EE605 Exercise Set-2 (Continued)

15. Let V = Rn×n = space of all real n × n matrices, and W = {A ∈ V : trace(A) = 0}. Find a basis for W .
16. In V = R4 , let W = span({(1, −1, 1, 1)T , (1, −2, 3, 4)T }) and Z = span({(1, 2, 3, 6)T , (1, −1, 0, 0)T }). Find dim(W ∩
Z).
17. Find the dimension of the subspace of R2×2 , Which is spanned by the matrices
       
4 1 −1 0 0 3 −5 7
A1 = , A2 = , A3 = , A4 =
5 14 −1 −3 3 6 2 −1

18. Let A be a fixed 3 × 3 matrix and S be the ordered set

S = I = A0 , A1 , A2 , · · · , A9


(a) Show that S is not linearly independent.

(b) Use part (a) to show that there exists an integer k ≤ 9, such that

Ak = α0 I + α1 A + α2 A2 + · · · + αk−1 Ak−1

where n o
I = A0 , A1 , A2 , · · · , Ak−1

are linearly independent.

(c) Generalize the result for n × n matrix.
19. Let W be a subspace of the vector space V such that dim(W ) = dim(V ). Show that W = V .
20. Prove that V is infinite dimensional vector space if and only if there is a sequence v1 , v2 , · · · of vectors in V such
that {v1 , v2 , · · · , vn } is linearly independent for every positive integer n.

21. Let W1 , W2 and W3 be subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space V . Show that

(W1 ∩W2 +W1 ∩W3 ) ⊂ W1 ∩ (W2 +W3 ).

Give an example in V = R2 for which equality does not hold.

22. Show that

dim(W1 +W2 +W3 ) = dim(W1 ) + dim(W2 ) + dim(W3 ) − dim(W1 ∩W2 ) − dim(W3 ∩ (W1 +W2 ))

Note the mixed term W3 ∩ (W1 +W2 ). Extend the result to k subspaces.
23. Suppose W and Z are subspaces of V such that dim(W ) = 4, dim(Z) = 5 and dim(V ) = 7. Find the possible
dimensions of W ∩ Z.
24. Subspaces W1 ,W2 , · · · ,Wk of V are called independent if the relation w1 + w2 + · · · + wk = 0, with wi ∈ Wi can hold
only if wi = 0 for each i. Show that W1 ,W2 , · · · ,Wk of V are independent if and only if dim(W1 +W2 + · · · +Wk ) =
dim(W1 ) + dim(W2 ) + · · · + dim(Wk ).

25. Let V be a finite dimensional vector space over F. For any x ∈ V , we define

Fx = {α · x : α ∈ F}.

Prove that {x1 , x2 , · · · , xn } is a basis for V if and only if

V = Fx1 ⊕ Fx2 ⊕ · · · ⊕ Fxn .

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