1.

THE EVOLUTION OF WEB

The web today is a growing universe of interlinked web pages and web apps, teeming with videos,
photos, and interactive content. What the average user doesn't see is the interplay of web
technologies and browsers that makes all this possible.

Over time web technologies have evolved to give web developers the ability to create new
generations of useful and immersive web experiences. Today's web is a result of the ongoing
efforts of an open web community that helps define these web technologies, like HTML5, CSS3
and WebGL and ensure that they're supported in all web browsers.

The color bands in this visualization represent the interaction between web technologies and
browsers, which brings to life the many powerful web apps that we use daily.

The following diagram briefly defines evolution of World Wide Web:

2. DESCRIBE THE DIFFER USES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF

WEBSITES.
12 Popular Types of Websites You Can Create
The web is vast. As of now, there are billions of websites online, all competing for some share of
the attention people give to their online browsing each day. When you’re starting a new website,
it can be overwhelming to think about all the other websites out there.
But it’s helpful to remember that within that huge number of websites, you have a lot of different
categories of types of websites trying to accomplish different things. As you consider how best
to build your own website, carefully consider what type of website you want it to be. When you
can narrow down the goals and setup you have in mind, you can more easily identify the other
websites in your category to look to for inspiration.
Here are twelve of the most popular types of websites you’ll see around the web. While there’s
some overlap between the different categories, in general each type of website has certain goals to
achieve and its own set of best practices. Which one will your website be?
1. E-commerce Website
An e-commerce website is a website people can directly buy products from. You’ve probably used
a number of e-commerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have one.
Any website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card information to
make a purchase falls into this category.
Ecommerce websites can be an extension of a business you already have, or become something
you build a new business around.
2. Business Website
A business website is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be
branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of products
and/or services the business offers.
By now, every business out there should have a website. It’s a widespread expectation. Every
potential customer you encounter will just assume that if they Google your business looking for
more information, they’ll find a website. And if they don’t, it makes the business look less
professional or legitimate.
E-commerce websites are business websites, but it’s also possible to have business websites that
don’t sell anything directly, but rather encourage visitors to get in contact for more information (a
lead generation website) or come to a storefront if they’re interested in becoming customers.
3. Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites that
you visit purely for entertainment purposes. They could be humor websites like The Onion,
webcomics like xkcd, or just websites with fun or interesting content like Buzzfeed.
Most of these websites do aim to make money like business and e-commerce websites do, but
usually through the advertisements that show up on the page rather than through selling specific
products or services.
If you want to start an entertainment website, you’ve got a lot of options for formats that can take.
You could make funny or informative videos, write entertaining blog posts, draw comics, or create
fun quizzes.
Since there are so many entertainment websites out there, you should anticipate it taking some
time and work to find an audience that connects with you (and even more time and work to start
making money, if that’s your ultimate goal), but if you’ve got ideas for content to create that you
think people will find entertaining, an entertainment website is one of the best ways to get that
content out into the world.
4. Portfolio Website
Portfolio websites are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who
want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website to
collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to build
than a business website and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.
This type of website is most common for creative professionals and freelancers that are hired based
on demonstrated skill and can be a more efficient alternative to a business website that serves a
similar focus.
5. Media Website
Media websites collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with
entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition
to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment. This category includes sites like the
Washington Post website, Slate, and Inc.
Media websites generally make money through either advertisements that show up on the site,
subscription models, or some combination of the two.
Many media websites are the online branch of media properties that often exist in other forms, like
TV channels or print magazines and newspapers, but some are online only.
6. Brochure Website
Brochure websites are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they need
an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll continue
to get most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure site that includes just a few
pages that lay out the basics of what you do and provide contact information may be enough for
you.
Brochure sites were more common in the earlier days of the internet when businesses knew they
needed a website, but also expected not to be dependent on it for success. Now that the internet is
such a big part of how people research and find just about every product and service they need,
most businesses recognize that they need something more competitive.
If you have a business and know you don’t need your website to be a marketing tool that brings in
new business, you just need something more like an online business card, then a brochure website
may do the trick.
7. Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits do as well.
A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be
the first place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to
support it.
If you have or are considering starting a nonprofit, then building a website for your organization
is a crucial step in proving your legitimacy and reaching more people. You can use it to promote
the projects your organization tackles, encourage followers to take action, and for accepting
donations.
Note: To take donations through the website, you’ll have to take some of the same steps that the
owners of ecommerce sites do. In particular, make sure you get an SSL certificate to make sure all
payments are secure, and set up a merchant account so that you can accept credit card payments.
8. Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the category of
educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either providing educational
materials to visitors, or providing information on an educational institution to them.
Some educational websites will have advertisements like entertainment and media websites do.
Some offer subscription models or educational products for purchase. And some serve as the online
presence for an existing institution.
9. Infopreneur Website
Infopreneur websites overlap a bit with business and ecommerce websites, but they represent a
unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products. That could be
in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or ebooks.
Whatever form it takes, infopreneurs need their website to do the hard work of building up a
knowledge brand – convincing visitors that they know enough to make their educational products
worth buying – and the work of selling those products.
To sell information products securely, they’ll need some of the same tools of an ecommerce
website, including an SSL certificate and a merchant account. Those with a lot of knowledge
products should also invest in ecommerce software to make it easier for visitors to select and
purchase the ones they’re interested in.
Infopreneurs normally create a mix of valuable free content and premium content they charge for.
The infopreneur’s website serves as the central location for both things – the free content which
serves as a marketing tool to get people onto the site, and the paid products that account for their
profits. Building a good website is therefore crucial for this type of business model.
10. Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people find value in creating
personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal
blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.
Sometimes these websites can evolve into something that makes money if they become popular
enough and the person who started them wants to make that shift, but they primarily exist as a way
to share your feelings, insights, and art with any friends and strangers that might be interested.
Building a personal website is easier than most of the other websites on the list since the goal has
lower stakes. You just want to make it look like you want, rather than worrying about driving sales
or making ad money. Some simple templates or an easy-to-use website web builder should be all
it takes to get something up that satisfies your desire to share.
11. Web Portal
Web portals are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or
institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to
make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a
login and personalized views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is
most useful to their particular needs.
Web portals will generally involve more complicated programming and design than most of the
other websites described on this list, so make the most sense for skilled and experienced web
programmers to consider.
12. Wiki or Community Forum Website
Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there: Wikipedia.
But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website where
various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they
see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable
information sources.
Starting a wiki can be fairly simple, especially if you choose to use an existing software or wiki
site builder rather than trying to create the website from scratch. This option makes the most sense
if you need to organize available information and resources into a central space that you want
others to have access to.

3. DESCRIBE HOW THE WEB USES GRAPHICS,

ANIMATIONS, AUDIO & VIDEO
Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video,
and virtual reality.
A graphic is a digital representation of non-text information such as a drawing, chart, or photo.
Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying series of still images in sequence.
Audio is music, speech, or any other sound.
Video consists of full-motion images.
Virtual reality is the use of computers to simulate an environment that appears as a three-
dimensional space.
A plug-in is a program that extends a browser’s capability to display multimedia elements.

4. IDENTIFY DIFFER ONLINE SYSTEMS, FUNCTIONS, &

FLATFORMS AVAILABLE TODAY.
1. Ayame Productions GOOD DAY! EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGIES
2. Facebook
3. Tumblr
4. MS PowerPoint
5. Google Maps
6. Adobe Photoshop
7. Google Chrome
8. YouTube
9. Blogger
10. LandBank
11. Smart Telecommunications
12. Online Systems, Functions, and Platforms
13. PLATFORMS If you can program it, then it’s a platform. If you can’t, then it’s not.” -
Marc Andreessen
14. Online Platforms in ICT It makes it easier for users to interact, to collect, and use the data
from the user’s interactions for their own particular needs.
15. Online Platform Categories • Social Media • Search Engines • Communication Services •
Payment Systems • Advertising Platforms • Creative Content Outlets
16. PLATFORMS Web Search Engines It is a software system that is designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web (WWW). The search results are generally presented
in a line of results referred to as Search Engine Results Page (SERPs). The information
may be a mix of webpages, images, and other types of files.
17. Top 10 Search Engines (2016) 1. Google 2. Bing (Microsoft) 3. Yahoo (No. 1 email
provider) 4. Ask.com (Ask Jeeves) 5. AOL.com (America Online) 6. Baidu (China) 7.
Wolframalpha (Computational Knowledge Engine) 8. DuckDuckGo (simple) 9. Internet
Archive (histories of a domain) 10. ChaCha.com (similar to Ask.com)
18. PLATFORMS Communication Services These are outsourced enterprise communications
solutions that can be leased from a single vendor or provider. A Communications Service
Provider (CSP) is a provider that transports information electronically and can encompass
public and private companies in telecom, internet, cable, satellite, and managed services
business.
19. Telecom & Internet Cable
20. PLATFORMS Payment System It is any system used to settle financial transactions
through transfer of monetary value, and includes the institutions, instruments, people, rules,
procedures, standards, and technologies.
21. PLATFORMS Advertising Platforms It allows users to create and manage advertising
campaigns, generate reports, and retrieve information about the ads, campaigns, and
organizations that are associated with an account.
 22. PLATFORMS Creative Content Outlets It is content that needs to be translated creatively.
Topic/concept  Creative presentation it
23. ONLINE PLATFORMS 1. Presentation Tools – Prezi, Zoho Shows, MS PowerPoint. 2.
Newsletter, ICT Content Platforms – Dropbox, Tumblr, Wix 3. Photo Editing Tools –
Picasa, Adobe Photoshop, GIMP 4. Video Editing Tools – Sony Vegas Pro, Windows
Movie Maker, Adobe Premier Pro 5. Photo uploading and hosting Tools – Dropbox, Flickr
6. Online Collaborative Tools – Google Drive, Viber, Facebook 7. Cloud Computing –
Dropbox, Google Drive, Microsoft One Drive
24. ONLINE PLATFORMS 8. Blog Tools – Blogger, WordPress, LiveJournal 9. Mapping
Tools – Google Maps, Waze, Wikimapia 10. Music Production – Sony Vegas Pro,
Audacity, Virtual DJ 11. Survey and Forms – Google Forms 12. ICT Projects and Content
Publishing and Uploading Platforms – WordPress, MS Office Project Server, File Manager
13. Web Design Platforms – Wix, Weebly, Adobe Dreamweaver 14. Web Management
Platforms – Drupal, WordPress, Joomla
25. Facebook
26. Tumblr
27. MS PowerPoint
28. Google Maps
29. Adobe Photoshop
30. Google Chrome
31. YouTube
32. Blogger
33. LandBank
34. Smart Telecommunications

An online system is a system that is connected to the Internet. An offline system would be a system
that is disconnected from the Internet.

The online functions include email notifications from our server (emails using another server are
not included), the updating of web blacklists (lists of undesirable websites), updating of the list of
file-sharing programs (prohibited programs page), and remote access to Child Control through the
Internet. Free program updates are also included.

Online Platform - an online marketplace that places one party in touch with another, such as buyers
and sellers. Examples are eBay, Craigslist, Amazon Marketplace, Airbnb and Uber. The online
system may be entirely self-contained, or it may allow third-party apps to connect via the
platform's programming.

5. GIVE AT LEAST 5 LATEST TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY.

1. 5G Networks
Spain’s National 5G Plan for 2018-2020 stipulates that throughout 2019, pilot projects based on
5G will be developed resulting in the release of the second digital dividend. Hence, the
groundwork is being laid so that in 2020 we will be able to browse the Internet on a smartphone
at a speed that will reach 10 gigabytes per second. Data from Statista, a provider of market and
consumer data, indicates that by 2024, 5G mobile network technology will have reached more than
40 percent of the global population, with close to 1.5 billion users.

2. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

This trend has appeared in all the lineups for a few years now, but everything indicates that this
year will be the year it takes off definitively. This is the year we’ll see its democratization, while
it is even included in the political agenda. At the beginning of December, the European
Commission released a communication on AI directing the member states to define a national
strategy addressing this topic by mid-2019.

3. Autonomous Devices
In respect to the previous point robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles are some of the
innovations in the category the consulting firm Gartner labels “Autonomous Things” defined as
the use of artificial intelligence to automate functions that were previously performed by people.
This trend goes further than mere automation using rigid programming models, because AI is now
being implemented to develop advanced behavior, interacting in a more natural way with the
environment and its users.

4. Blockchain
Blockchain technology is another topic that frequently appears on these end of year lists. It has
now broken free from an exclusive association with the world of cryptocurrencies; its usefulness
has been proven in other areas. In 2019 we will witness many blockchain projects get off the
ground as they try to address challenges that still face the technology in different fields like banking
and insurance. It will also be a decisive year for the roll-out of decentralized organizations that
work with intelligent contracts.

5. Augmented Analytics
This trend represents another stride for big data, by combining it with artificial intelligence.
Using machine learning (automated learning), it will transform the development, sharing, and
consumption of data analysis. It is anticipated that the capabilities of augmented analytics will
soon be commonly adopted not only to work with data, but also to implement in-house business
applications related to human resources, finance, sales, marketing and customer support – all with
the aim to optimize decisions by using deep data analysis.

6. Digital Twins
A digital twin is a virtual replica of a real-world system or entity. Gartner predicts that there will
be more than 20 billion sensors connected to end points by 2020, but the consulting firm goes on
to point out that there will also be digital twins for thousands upon thousands of these solutions,
with the express purpose of monitoring their behavior. Initially, organizations will implement
these replicas, which will continue to be developed over time, improving their ability to compile
and visualize the right data, make improvements, and respond effectively to business objectives.

7. Enhanced Edge Computing

Edge computing is a trend that relates most specifically to the Internet of Things. It consists in
placing intermediate points between connected objects. Data can be processed at these
intermediate points, thus facilitating tasks that can be performed closer to where the data has been
received, thus reducing traffic and latency when responses are sent. With this approach, processing
is kept closer to the end point rather than having the data sent to a centralized server in the cloud.
Still, instead of creating a totally new architecture, cloud computing and edge computing will be
developed as complementary models with solutions in the cloud, administered as a centralized
service that runs not only on centralized servers but also on distributed servers and in the edge
devices themselves.

8. Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

Chatbots integrated into different chat and voice assistance platforms are changing the way people
interact with the digital world, just like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed
reality (MR). The combination of these technologies will dramatically change our perception of
the world that surrounds us by creating smart spaces where more immersive, interactive, and
automated experiences can occur for a specific group of people or for defined industry cases.

9. Digital Ethics and Privacy

Digital ethics and privacy are topics that are receiving more and more attention from both private
individuals as well as associations and government organizations. For good reason, people are
increasingly concerned about how their personal data is being used by public and private sector
organizations. Therefore, we conclude that the winning organizations will be those that proactively
address these concerns and are able to earn their customers’ trust.
1. 1. THE HISTORY OF BAKING

2. 2. The Egyptians <ul><li>Records show that already in the years 2600-2100 B.C. bread was
baked by who it is believed had learned the skill from the Babylonians. </li></ul><ul><li>A relief
representing the royal bakery of Ramses features bread and cakes, some of these were shaped
in the form of animals and used for sacrifices </li></ul>

3. 3. The Roman Empire <ul><li>Inevitably Greek culture influenced the Roman Empire ; bakery
know-how was transformed and really flourished. </li></ul><ul><li>During the fourth century
A.D., evidence also emerges of the first pastry-cook’s association or “pastillarium” in those times
nomenclature. </li></ul>

4. 4. <ul><li>The term baking means the use of heat in an oven to convert flour, water, yeast,
sugar and such, into baked goods. </li></ul>

5. 5. <ul><li>Baking is a way of preparing food by the process of conduction, generally in a closed

oven. </li></ul><ul><li>In the process of baking, starch content in the food is processed usually
decreased that provides the food a brown color which lends it an attractive and appetizing look.
</li></ul>

6. 6. <ul><li>On today’s market there is a never ending variety of the most delicious sweets and
pastries to please both the palate and the eyes. </li></ul><ul><li>Baking pastries are a little
more complicated because everything is measured to the exact amount needed no more or less.
</li></ul>

7. 7. <ul><li>The baked food even lasts long. It does not stale easily, as it contains less moisture.
</li></ul><ul><li>Caramelization of sugar is a reaction that gives the food a golden brown color.
</li></ul><ul><li>Also when the baked goods are fully cooked they are usually light golden
brown to a deep golden brown. </li></ul>

8. 8. <ul><li>Everything has to be perfect or the product being made won’t come out the way it is
suppose to be. </li></ul><ul><li>Cooking is much more different. It isn’t measured just added by
eye or to the taste. </li></ul>

9. 9. <ul><li>The French are Responsible for making several pastry dough's. </li></ul><ul><li>They
are the ones who created Puff Pastry which is a flour and water dough that has butter in
between every layer. </li></ul><ul><li>When the dough is being baked the dough rises because
of the butter being evaporated, the steam from the water in the butter causes it to rise and that
were the term puff pastry comes from. </li></ul>

10. 10. <ul><li>Danish pastry was created by the Austrians. </li></ul><ul><li>This is a yeast dough
that has butter between each layer and is usually eaten for breakfast or as a dessert.
</li></ul><ul><li>There are several types of Danish pastries. </li></ul>

11. 11. <ul><li>Pate Choux is a type of dough that is cooked twice. </li></ul><ul><li>The dough is
made of flour, water, milk, eggs, and salt. </li></ul><ul><li>First it is cooked in a pot and then in
the oven. </li></ul><ul><li>This dough is used for sweet and savory hors d'oeuvres. </li></ul>

12. 12. <ul><li>Petit Fours are small cakes, and cookies. </li></ul><ul><li>They are usually served at
wedding and big parties or meetings. </li></ul><ul><li>They are many varieties of petit fours.
</li></ul><ul><li>Petit Fours in French means little oven. </li></ul><ul><li>They are also they
most expensive because they are so hard to decorate. </li></ul><ul><li>They range from $1.50-
$4.00 a piece. </li></ul>
 A BRIEF HISTORY OF BAKING
When did people in Britain first start baking bread, cakes and biscuits? What ingredients and
equipment did they use, and was baking expensive? Here, food historians Professor John Walter
and Dr Sara Pennell explore the history of baking…

August 28, 2018 at 3:00 pm

MIDDLE AGES
In the medieval period baking was a luxury few were able to enjoy. But those who could afford a
wood-burning stove (and to heat it) would start with bread. The better the quality, the higher up
the social order you were
Ovens were not a standard fixture in any household, so bread-baking never really entered the home
in the medieval period, says Pennell. It was a niche, commercial activity. For example, you had
bread-bakers in London.
Rich people ate fine, floured wheat bread. But if you were poor you cut your teeth on rye and black
bread, says Walter. Only the very wealthy ate the cakes we tend to think of today. But they were
much heavier – 10 to 20lbs. This was subsistence-focused baking, with an emphasis on bread and
pies.
“If you were wealthy, your baked goods would be rich in exotic colour. But if you were poor, you
were grateful if you could afford meat for your pie,” says Walter.

15TH CENTURY
Britain saw an explosion of expensive spices, such as saffron, in the 15th century. Sweet dough,
with lots of cream and butter, started to be enjoyed by those who could afford it
The wigg – a small bun made with sweetened dough and herbs and spices – became popular.
But mince pies were made with minced beef or mutton, and biscuits were “the equivalent of Ryvita
– pretty nasty stuff,” says Walter.
Meanwhile, gingerbread was made with breadcrumbs.

Mince pies were made with minced beef or mutton in the 15th century. (Photo by Neil
McAllister/Alamy Stock Photo)

16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES

Baking was transformed in the 16th and 17th centuries by globalisation, which heralded an
explosion of treacle and currants. Plump cake and bready dough with lots of butter, cream and
raisins became popular
Economic growth prompted an emerging middle class, and baking ‘trickled down’, says Walter.
Amid growing wealth and social change, people could think about eating things other than bread,
and imitate the upper-class diet.
Baking became more accessible, and so more people started to bake cakes and biscuits.
By the late 17th century sugar was cheap, and so you saw the emergence of mince pies as we know
them, made with sugar and spices. And with the refinement of flour you saw the development of
gingerbread as we know it.
An illustration depicting the preparation of bread, printed in 1695. (Photo by Culture Club/Getty
Images)
From the 16th century came the first cookery literature, in which you start to see recipes for things
we might recognise today as small, yeasted cakes and buns, says Pennell. They would be eaten as
part of the dessert course, to help you digest the rich meal you had eaten beforehand.
You also started to see the emergence of kitchen equipment, such as the ‘cake hoop’ – that is, a
cake tin. The tin was lined with buttered paper.
But cakes were made with ale and were very solid. The modern-day equivalent, in terms of the
yeast-bread-based dough, would be a lardy cake. Seed cakes were also popular.
Pastries, too, were considered fashionable in the late 17th century. The English prided themselves
on their pastry-making and it was considered a skill all good housewives should have, says Pennell.
London cookery schools also began to teach pastry-making – it was a fashionable skill.
An advertisement poster for Coombs’ aerated pastry flour. (Photo by mooziic/Alamy Stock Photo)

18TH CENTURY
Cake-making soared in popularity in the 18th century, but the industrial revolution from 1760 saw
a return to more stodgy baked goods
The 18th century was when cake-making really took off, says Dr Pennell.
The Art of Cookery, written by Hannah Glasse and published in 1747, contained a catalogue of
cake recipes. Integral to this was the development of the semi-closed oven. “The development of
baking is as much to do with technology as it is taste,” says Pennell.
Fast-forward to the industrial revolution and Britain saw a return to heavy baking, where the
working class ate bread and jam, says Walter. But at Easter, Christmas and other seasonal
occasions, a richer diet would be available to even the poorer members of society.
Merchants and shopkeepers could afford ovens by the 18th century, and to bake.
19TH CENTURY
Convenience food grew in popularity in the 19th century, and the advent of baking powder saw
cakes become lighter
As more working-class women were employed in the 19th century, they had less time for elaborate
food preparation, says Walter. “We often think of the ‘fast food culture’ as being a recent thing,
but women in Britain in the 19th century increasingly relied on convenience food such as pasties
and pies.”
Meanwhile, the introduction of baking powder saw the style of cakes change from dense, yeast-
based bakes, into cakes made with flour, eggs, fat and a raising agent.