FLEXIBLE OVERLAY DESIGN USING FALLING WEIGHT

DEFLECTOMETER (FWD) TECHNIQUE

 CONTENTS

1. Flexible Overlay Design as per IRC:115-2014

2. Pavement Deflection Data from FWD (Annexure-I)
3. Subgrade Moduli as per IRC:115-2014 (Annexure-II)
4. Back Calculated Moduli from IIT_KGPBACK Software
5. Analysis Output of In-service Pavement Model using IITPAVE software
6. Analysis Output of In-service Pavement + Overlay Model using IITPAVE software
7. Site Photographs
 DESIGN OF OVERLAY FOR INSERVICE PAVEMENT USING FWD TECHNIQUE

Overlay Design Basis :

Overlay design is carried as per IRC:115-2014 "GUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURAL EVALUATION

AND STRENGTHENING OF FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS USING FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER (FWD)
TECHNIQUE"
Design involves using of deflection data from Falling Weight Deflectometer as well as other
pavement data as inputs to a backcalculation model for determining the elastic moduli of pavement
layers, and, thereafter, using these moduli as inputs to a pavement design model for estimating overlay
thcikness of the in-service pavement. KGPBACK program developed by the Transportation Engineering
Section of IIT, Kharagpur for the research scheme R-81 (2003) of the Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways, as recommended by the the guideline is used for backcalculation of Elastic Modulai of three
layer pavment model.The pavement design model is the one prescribed in IRC:37-2012.

Design Inputs
1) Existing Pavement Thickness
a) Bituminous layer : 165 mm
b) Granular layer : 500 mm
2) Design Traffic : 48 MSA
3) Pavement Deflection Data :
Pavement deflection measured using FWD (enclosed as Annexure-I) are normalized for standard load
of 40 KN and is presented below:

Normalized Deflection for 40 kN standard load for Measured Deflection from FWD Test
Pavement
Chainage Normalised Defelection at a Radial Distance (mm) Temperature 0C
(m)
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
316 0.432 0.285 0.154 0.090 0.059 0.040 0.030 25.7
317 0.372 0.269 0.162 0.103 0.068 0.055 0.041 25.5
318 0.334 0.224 0.130 0.079 0.059 0.043 0.036 25.7
319 0.375 0.263 0.141 0.092 0.059 0.041 0.036 25.6
320 0.269 0.179 0.107 0.070 0.054 0.042 0.030 25.5
321 0.295 0.195 0.124 0.081 0.057 0.043 0.026 25.6
322 0.243 0.156 0.077 0.044 0.027 0.022 0.020 26.0
323 0.307 0.239 0.130 0.089 0.060 0.042 0.043 25.8
324 0.328 0.222 0.132 0.089 0.060 0.045 0.036 25.4
325 0.314 0.229 0.136 0.094 0.064 0.050 0.041 26.0
326 0.279 0.208 0.125 0.080 0.057 0.042 0.033 26.2
327 0.279 0.208 0.125 0.080 0.057 0.042 0.033 26.2
328 0.277 0.184 0.107 0.070 0.051 0.041 0.043 25.9
329 0.284 0.182 0.103 0.055 0.038 0.030 0.026 24.6
330 0.184 0.144 0.098 0.070 0.049 0.037 0.034 25.3

4) Poisson's ratio and modulus (MPa) ranges for different pavement layer
 Layer Bituminous Layer Granular Layer Subgrade

Poisson's ratio 0.5 0.4 0.4

Modulus ranges (Mpa) 750-3000 100-500 Annexure-II

5) Back-calculated moduli and corrected moduli for temparature varation:

Chainage Backcalculated Moduli (Mpa) Corrected Moduli (Mpa)

(m) Bitumin. Granular Subgarde Bitumin. Granular Subgarde
316 1874 100 159 1268.05 100 159
317 2941 102 133 1973.89 102 133
318 2550 137 160 1725.47 137 160
319 2397 101 157 1615.35 101 157
320 2996 206 179 2010.81 206 179
321 2985 120 201 2011.60 120 201
322 2848 170 301 1950.81 170 301
323 2903 144 152 1972.34 144 152
324 2963 135 156 1980.58 135 156
325 2969 156 141 2033.69 156 141
326 2982 156 166 2059.32 156 166
327 2982 156 166 2059.32 156 166
328 2393 238 168 1632.48 238 168
329 2764 148 228 1788.37 148 228
330 3000 415 183 1997.16 415 183

6) 15th Percentile moduli selected for design:

Layer type --> Bituminous Layer Granular Layer Subgrade

15% Moduli 1642 104 152

7) Tensile and vertical strain by from IITPAVE software: (Output File enclosed)

Tensile train at the bottom of existing bituminous layer = 286.4 microstrains

Vertical strain on top of subgrade = 164.7 microstrains

8) Calculation of remaining life of the pavement :

Remaining fatigue and rutting life of pavemnet is calculated using equation prescribed in I.R.C:37-2012
for 90 per cent reliability case:

A. Fatigue Model for 90% reliabilty case:

3 .89 0 .854
1   1 
N f  0 .711  10  04     
 t   MR 
Where,
Nf = fatigue life in number of standard axles,
εt = Maximum Tensile strain at the bottom of the bituminous layer, and
MR = resilient modulus of the bituminous layer.

Nf = 46.21501 MSA < 48 MSA

B. Rutting model for 90 per cent reliability case:

4.5337
 08 1
N v  1.4110  
 v 

Where,
Nv = Number of cumulative standard axles, and
εv = Vertical strain in the subgrade

Nv = 2002.605 MSA

Remark: Existing pavement is inadequate to carry the design 48 msa traffic from fatigue consideration and hence
require strengtheneing by providing bituminous overlay to cater the design traffic.

9) Calculation of Overlay thickness :

Existing pavement is proposed to be provided with a bituminous overlay of 90mm thickness and will be
analysed as a four-layer system to ensure that fatigue and rutting criteria are satisfied. IITPAVE is used to
amalyse the pavement layer system and overlay thcikness is deduced by trial and error so that the design
draffic is satisfied.

Four layer system :

Thick Elastic Poisson's

No. Layer Type (mm) Moduli ratio
1 Prop. Bitumin. layer 90 3000 0.5
2 Exist. Bitumin. layer 165 1642 0.4
3 Granualr 500 104 0.4
4 Subgrade 152 0.4

Tensile strain at the bottom of existing bituminous layer = 156.7 microstrains

Vertical strain on top of subgrade = 101.7 microstrains
(Output File IITPAVE enclosed)

Faitgue life of overlaid pavement

Nf = 48.26 MSA > 48 MSA ( Satisfied)

Hence a Bituminous Overlay of thickness 90mm with VG 40 binder for the case of 90% reliabilty is
prposed to be provided.
 PRPOPOSED CROSS-SECTION OF PAVEMENT

BC 40 Overlay
DBM 50 Overlay
Geotextile layer * for prevention of TUC
Exist. Bitumin. layer 165
Exist. Granular layer 500
Total 755

* Geotextile layer is prposed to be provided for prevention of top-up-crack

Executive Engineer, PWD

Nagaon N.H Division, Nagaon
I.R.C:37-2012
 Annexure-I
MEASURED PAVEMENT DEFLECTION FROM FWD
Name of the Road : NH-15 Date & Time of observation :
Section : Km. 316 to 330 Climatic conditions (hot/humid/cold) : Humid
No of lanes and Carriageway Type : 2LPS, Dual

Location of test Peak Deflection (mm) observed at a radial distance (mm)

Air Temperature 0C

Peak load Applied

point

Temperature 0C

Load Drop No
Chainage Distance

Pavement
(m) from

(KN)
S.No Lane Position carriage Remarks
way edge 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
(m)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 Paved shoulder 316 1.00 26.0 25.7 3 43.713 0.472 0.312 0.168 0.098 0.064 0.044 0.033
2 Paved shoulder 317 1.00 26.0 25.5 3 46.275 0.430 0.311 0.187 0.119 0.079 0.064 0.047
3 Paved shoulder 318 1.00 26.0 25.7 3 52.787 0.441 0.295 0.172 0.104 0.078 0.057 0.048
4 Paved shoulder 319 1.00 26.0 25.6 3 46.459 0.436 0.306 0.164 0.107 0.069 0.048 0.042
5 Paved shoulder 320 1.00 26.0 25.5 3 49.961 0.336 0.224 0.134 0.087 0.067 0.053 0.037
6 Paved shoulder 321 1.00 26.2 25.6 3 52.993 0.391 0.258 0.164 0.107 0.076 0.057 0.035
7 Paved shoulder 322 1.00 26.3 26.0 3 55.341 0.336 0.216 0.106 0.061 0.037 0.031 0.027
8 Paved shoulder 323 1.00 26.4 25.8 3 51.088 0.392 0.305 0.166 0.114 0.077 0.054 0.055
9 Paved shoulder 324 1.00 25.6 25.4 3 45.491 0.373 0.252 0.150 0.101 0.068 0.051 0.041
10 Paved shoulder 325 1.00 28.1 26.0 3 48.762 0.383 0.279 0.166 0.114 0.078 0.061 0.050
11 Paved shoulder 326 1.00 27.8 26.2 3 49.113 0.343 0.255 0.154 0.098 0.070 0.051 0.041
12 Paved shoulder 327 1.00 27.8 26.2 3 49.113 0.343 0.255 0.154 0.098 0.070 0.051 0.041
13 Paved shoulder 328 1.00 26.7 25.9 2 51.014 0.353 0.235 0.136 0.089 0.065 0.052 0.055
14 Paved shoulder 329 1.00 24.7 24.6 3 46.937 0.333 0.214 0.121 0.065 0.045 0.035 0.030
15 Paved shoulder 330 1.00 26.0 25.3 1 50.21 0.231 0.181 0.123 0.088 0.062 0.046 0.043

Executive Engineer, PWD

Nagaon N.H Division, Nagaon
 DETERMINATION OF SUBGRADE MODULI AS PER Equation III. 2 (of Appendix-Ill) IRC:115-2014

Av radial Av. surface Lower bound Upper bound

Chaina Load P Poisson's deflection
distance r w E subgrade value of sub value of sub
ge (m) (N) ratio μ
(mm) (mm) grade grade

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
316 43713 1500 0.4 0.047 165.871 159.236 238.855
317 46275 1500 0.4 0.063 130.308 125.096 187.644
318 52787 1500 0.4 0.061 154.332 148.159 222.238
319 46459 1500 0.4 0.053 156.334 150.080 225.120
320 49961 1500 0.4 0.052 170.259 163.449 245.174
321 52993 1500 0.4 0.056 168.768 162.017 243.025
322 55341 1500 0.4 0.032 311.676 299.209 448.813
323 51088 1500 0.4 0.062 146.955 141.077 211.616
324 45491 1500 0.4 0.053 152.120 146.035 219.052
325 48762 1500 0.4 0.063 138.038 132.517 198.775
326 49113 1500 0.4 0.054 162.204 155.716 233.574
327 49113 1500 0.4 0.054 162.204 155.716 233.574
328 51014 1500 0.4 0.057 158.687 152.339 228.509
329 46937 1500 0.4 0.037 228.298 219.166 328.749
330 50210 1500 0.4 0.050 177.907 170.791 256.186

Executive Engineer, PWD

Nagaon N.H Division, Nagaon