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Moving Coil Galvanometer - Working, Principle, Construction, Advantages PDF
Moving Coil Galvanometer - Working, Principle, Construction, Advantages PDF
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We have discussed currents and voltages in the previous sections and in many instances, we are required to measure them. But how do we
perform the measurements? We have read about voltmeter that is used to measure the voltage across two points in a circuit, or an ammeter that
is used to measure the current in a circuit. A moving coil galvanometer is one such device. In this section, we will learn about a moving coil
galvanometer that is used to measure the current in a circuit.
Table of Contents
1. What is Moving Coil Galvanometer
2. Working of Moving Coil Galvanometer
3. Principle of Moving Coil Galvanometer
4. Construction of Moving Coil Galvanometer (Pivoted)
5. Sensitivity of Moving Coil Galvanometer
6. Conversion of Galvanometer into Voltmeter
7. Conversion of Galvanometer into Ammeter
8. Advantages of Moving Coil Galvanometer
9. Disadvantages of Moving Coil Galvanometer
The most sensitive electromagnetic device which is used for measuring and detecting small amount of electric current.
The components of moving coil galvanometer are coil, soft iron core, non-metallic frame, permanent horseshoe magnets, pivoted spring, scale,
and pointer.
There are two types of moving coil galvanometer:
Suspended coil galvanometer
Pivoted coil galvanometer (also known as Weston galvanometer)
The de ecting torque is equal to the restoring torque when it is in equilibrium position.
C
τ d = τ r nI AB = C θ I = I = kθ
nABθ
Where k
C
=
nAB
∴ I ∝ θ
Thus, a galvanometer is capable of indicating even small values of current in the circuit because of which it is also used to detect if any amount of
current is owing in the circuit or not, quite similar to a Wheatstone’s bridge (https://byjus.com/physics/wheatstone-bridge/). Here, when no
current is owing through the circuit, the pointer remains unde ected, that is, at the mean position and depending upon the direction of the current
in the circuit, the pointer de ects to the right or to the left.
The galvanometer consists of a coil with large number of turns insulated with copper wire on an aluminum frame.
The ends of the aluminum frame axle are inserted into two pivots so that the coil rotates about the axle. Two springs are attached to produce
controlling torque and to connect the coil to the outer circuit.
The rotation of coil happens due to the magnetic eld produced by the pole-pieces of a permanent strong horseshoe magnet.
The de ection is read with the help of a pointer which is attached to the coil moving on the circular scale. Zero point of the scale is at the center
and has equidistant divisions. The device can measure currents up to 10-6 A.
The ratio of change in de ection of the galvanometer to the electric current change.
Where,
G is the resistance of galvanometer coil
Ig is the full-scale current of the galvanometer
R is the multiplier connected in series with galvanometer
V is the maximum potential difference that needs to be measured
Where,
G is the resistance of galvanometer coil
Ig is the full-scale current of the galvanometer
S is the shunt resistance connected in parallel with galvanometer
I is the maximum current that needs to be measured
∴ Current through shunt = I -Ig
The potential difference across G and S is:
Ig.G = (I – Ig) S, S is obtained from the equation.
Related Article:
Difference Between Ammeter and Galvanometer (https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-ammeter-and-galvanometer/)
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