Lab Assignment # 6

Title:
Murray Loop Test to Locate Ground Fault.

Introduction:
Murray loop test, Varley loop test and Pulse Echo test are simple basic method to
localize cable fault testing. This method used basic equipment that obtained easily. These tests
are performed for the location of either an earth fault or short circuit fault in underground cable.
In these tests the resistance of fault does not affect the results obtained except when the
resistance of fault is very high. There are two loop tests usually used and are known as Murray
Loop and Varley Loop Test. These tests imply the principle of Wheatstone bridge.

Murray Loop Test:

The connection diagram to locate earth fault and short circuit fault by Murray loop test
method is shown in Figure 7.1. As already said Wheatstone bridge principle is used in this test. P
and Q are two ratio arms consisting of step resistors or slide wire, G is a galvanometer, E is a
battery and S1 is a battery key. In this method, a sound cable is connected to a faulty cable for
find actual happen fault. Figure 7.1 is connection method of Murray Loop Test.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7.1: Murray Loop Test Circuit.

Procedures:
• End of the faulty cable (assume F is a location fault) was connected with a sound cable
from F to b location test through D connector.
 • At location test, end of cable a connected to b through a galvanometer and S1 switch.
Bridge is balanced by adjusting the resistances of ratio arms P and Q until the
galvanometer indicates zero.

• Assume the sound and faulty cable have same cross-section and lenght, thereby r Ω/m is
same.
In balanced condition of bridge:
Q * (Cable Resistance aF) = P * (Cable Resistance bD + DF
Q * (r Lx)) = P* [rL + r(L-Lx)]
rQLx = rP (2L - Lx)
rQLx + rPLx = r2PL
rLx (Q + P) = r2PL
Lx = 2PL / (Q + P)
If L be known, so Lx can be calculated, that is distance of cable fault from test station.

Lab Task:
Find the distance of the cable where the fault is occurred.
Data: P=100Ω, Q=824Ω (variable resistor), L=1.2m

So, Lx is equal 0.25m that is distance of cable fault from test station.

Conclusion: