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Assessment - MBA 610
Assessment - MBA 610
Assessment - MBA 610
ERP (Enterprise Relationship Management) and SCM (Supply Chain Management) are
two other categories of enterprise software that are widely implemented in
corporations and non-profit organizations. While CRM attempts to enhance the
relationship with customers, the primary goal of ERP is to improve and streamline
internal business processes, and SCM aims to facilitate the collaboration between the
organization, its suppliers, the manufacturers, the distributors and the partners.
Goals of CRM Systems - Goals of CRM is to learn more about customers' needs and
behaviors in order to develop stronger relationships with them, and to facilitate
acquiring, enhancing and retaining of customers. Components of CRM System
RFID
RFID: A Smart Tag Primer - Supply Chain Management Good things come in
small packages. This familiar cliché usually refers to precious stones, but today it's
taken on new meaning, in that small things are now protecting items we deem
valuable
RFID: A Closer View Within the last few years RFID (Radio Frequency
Identification) has steadily migrated from the inner circles of science and technology
into the public consciousness.
Knowledge Management
Examples:
GIS System:
GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many
ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes,
reports, and charts.
A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a
way that is quickly understood and easily shared.
GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework.
Step 2: Acquire: After clearly defining the problem, it is necessary to determine the
data needed to complete your analysis and ascertain where that data can be found
or generated. The type of data and the geographic scope of your project will help
direct your methods of collecting data and conducting the analysis. If the method of
analysis requires detailed and/or high-level information, it may be necessary to
create or calculate the new data. Creating new data may simply mean calculating
new values in the data table or obtaining new map layers or attributes but may also
require geoprocessing.
Step 3: Examine: You will not know for certain whether the data you have acquired
is appropriate for your study until you thoroughly examine it. This includes visual
inspection, as well as investigating how the data is organized (its schema), how well
the data corresponds to other datasets and the rules of the physical world (its
topology), and the story of where the data came from (its metadata).
Step 4: Analyze: The data is processed and analyzed based on the method of
examination or analysis you choose, which is dependent on the results you hope to
achieve. Do not underestimate the power of "eyeballing" the data. Looking at the
results can help you decide whether the information is valid or useful, or whether
you should rerun the analysis using different parameters or even a different method.
GIS modeling tools make it relatively easy to make these changes and create new
output.
Step 5: Act: The results and presentation of the analysis are important parts of The
Geographic Approach. The results can be shared through reports, maps, tables, and
charts and delivered in printed form or digitally over a network or on the Web. You
need to decide on the best means for presenting your analysis. You can compare the
results from different analyses and see which method presents the information most
accurately. And you can tailor the results for different audiences. For example, one
audience might require a conventional report that summarizes the analyses and
conveys recommendations or comparable alternatives. Another audience may need
an interactive format that allows them to ask what-if questions or pursue additional
analysis.
Geography is the science of our world. Coupled with GIS, geography is helping us to
better understand the earth and apply geographic knowledge to a host of human
activities. The outcome is the emergence of The Geographic Approach—a new way
of thinking and problem solving that integrates geographic information into how we
understand and manage our planet. This approach allows us to create geographic
knowledge by measuring the earth, organizing this data, and analyzing and modeling
various processes and their relationships. The Geographic Approach also allows us to
apply this knowledge to the way we design, plan, and change our world.
Mapping where things are lets you find places that have the features you're looking
for, and to see where to take action.
People map quantities, like where the most and least are, to find places that meet
their criteria and take action, or to see the relationships between places. This gives
an additional level of information beyond simply mapping the locations of features.
For example, a catalog company selling children's clothes would want to find ZIP
Codes not only around their store, but those ZIP Codes with many young families
with relatively high income. Or, public health officials might not only want to map
physicians, but also map the numbers of physicians per 1,000 people in each census
tract to see which areas are adequately served, and which are not.
Map Densities
While you can see concentrations by simply mapping the locations of features, in
areas with many features it may be difficult to see which areas have a higher
concentration than others. A density map lets you measure the number of features
using a uniform areal unit, such as acres or square miles, so you can clearly see the
distribution.
Mapping density is especially useful when mapping areas, such as census tracts or
counties, which vary greatly in size.
On maps showing the number of people per census tract, the larger tracts might
have more people than smaller ones. But some smaller tracts might have more
people per square mile—a higher density.
Use GIS to monitor what's happening and to take specific action by mapping what's
inside a specific area. For example, a district attorney would monitor drug-related
arrests to find out if an arrest is within 1,000 feet of a school--if so, stiffer penalties
apply.
Find out what's occurring within a set distance of a feature by mapping what's
nearby.
Map Change
1. By mapping where and how things move over a period of time, you can gain
insight into how they behave. For example, a meteorologist might study the
paths of hurricanes to predict where and when they might occur in the future.
2. Map change to anticipate future needs. For example, a police chief might study
how crime patterns change from month to month to help decide where officers
should be assigned.
3. Map conditions before and after an action or event to see the impact. A retail
analyst might map the change in store sales before and after a regional ad
campaign to see where the ads were most effective.
GIS, besides its “cool” factor, is an important decision making tool because it can
assist this transition from data to wisdom. GIS is not the only tool, but if used
correctly, GIS provides a unique, powerful way to filter data and information to
enhance decision making.
Obviously this unique filter is geography. GIS provides an added dimension to
any decision. In the past, decisions were made upon variables such as “who”, “why,”
“when”, and “how much.” GIS adds “where,” incredibly valuable piece information.
This is an added method for analyzing the various courses of action, and picking the
one that works the best.
People like to see their information visually. It helps everyone understand
problem and what you are trying to present. GIS, which is both visual, and intuitive,
transforms data into wisdom, enhancing the decision making process.
Its accuracy flaws have become more and more pronounced, and caused more and
more problems since its release in the 1990’s. Why? Because other data that was
more accurate did not integrate with it. In many ways, this has led to the birth of
companies and data sources such as Thomas Brothers, GDT, NavTEQ, and TeleAtlas,
which have now become standard for most commercial applications.
As you create data, its accuracy and integrity are critical. Decision makers cannot
think about spatial accuracy, they need to know that their decisions are based upon
facts that are consistent. If accuracy is an issue, or needs to be dealt with during
the decision making process, it will be much slower than it needs to be.
I will get back to some of the initiatives the County is working on in order to improve
the accuracy of the data it uses and shares.
Speed up delivery
In the past, this was generally a technical issue. Floppy disks could not hold a parcel
database, much less a 1.5 Tb aerial dataset – do you remember the issues with
backup tapes, their formats, and readers? Now we have email, the internet, 100
Mb/second connections, CDs and DVDs . Basically, if you didn’t have the data
already, you would have to figure out some other, less accurate method for providing
decision support.
As well, computer systems are less complex. At first I used UNIX workstation, to
PCs, and now to the internet via ArcIMS and ArcGIS Server. The best method for
distribution is via web applications. Everyone already knows the buttons, and people
expect not to need training before they use a program.
GIS is now entering the realm of true distribution via web services that combine
services in a flexible, generic, way – think Google Earth, Yahoo Maps, and Mashups.
You don’t even need to know where the information is coming from.
The days of a “map request” being put into a queue for processing are disappearing.
Now the main thrust of GIS is to develop information for addition to “map services”
that provide a wide range of applications that are combined from different map
services. This is a sea change in the way that GIS is presented.
Being able to find the best data from the best source without needing a personal
contact, license, and especially, being able to combine and provide that information
over a medium (the internet) that does not require specialized software like MapInfo
or ArcGIS puts the information in the hands of decision makers whenever and
wherever they want it.
This flexibility in combining information on maps is the final method for using GIS to
accelerate decision making. It no longer matters where the information is coming
from, as long as it is kept up to date. Even the public is getting into the GIS data
creation world, and this can become a huge resource for certain types of information.
That is a topic for another day.
Data Sharing
What does this mean for GIS professionals? The days of “data silos” are really
breaking down – whereas the days of “data sharing” are here. One of the County’s
main problems is the inability to share data we want to share with agencies that
need it because we are hindered by legacy licensing. Imagine what the public would
say if emergency response to an earthquake was hindered by the fact that the
County fire department did not have GIS data that the city fire department did.
Would the fact that it was licensed really be accepted?
By considering all above GIS advantages, the Home Care Department of the
Swedish city of Danderyd, Linkoping University and Linkoping Software
Company Optimal Solutions AB came up with a solution AB came up with a
solution. They created a staff planning system called Laps Care that enables rapid
and efficient planning of home care staff schedules. Laps Care has been used daily
for elderly home care planning since November 2002.
By this system, user saving time about 7 percent, earlier the schedule for home
helth aide visits is normally planned several days in Advance. Some visits may need
to be shortened or postponed or have extra staff allocated. Last minute changes are
made to plan each morning. Making these changes might consume 30 to 40 minutes
per day.
The system uses data to calculate travel time between visits, generating a plan that
represents an optimal solution where the right person with the right skills provides
the right care at the right time.
The system divides the workload much more evenly among caregivers than earlier
manual system and uses staff member’s special skills more effectively.
Although travel time have been reduced.
The system is valued more for producing accurate travel time estimates and good
working schedules that leaves enough time for travelling.
Senior staff members initially posed problems by trying to keep the more desirable
tasks for themselves, leaving harder work for their newer colleagues. Laps care
eliminated this inequitable situation by creating the fairest possible schedule for
everyone.
Summary
What decision makers need from GIS is accuracy, consistency, and confidence in
what it is showing. As well, sharing and distributing GIS information as freely and
quickly as possible will reduce the cost, increase the value, and increase the speed
with which GIS can be made part of any decision making process, accelerating
decision making with GIS.
Reference:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
2. http://www.sysoptima.com/
3. http://media.govtech.net/