PROS AND CONS

There are few types of microarray which each type of microarray may have different
strength and weakness. Valerie Jones, Ph. D., who is a director of sales and marketing at
RayBiotech, said that the protein microarray is significant for the targets at a wide range of
concentrations (Easthope, 2018). Since protein microarray is more sensitive, so protein
microarray does not required to collect more samples as collecting samples may one of the
tiring work such as collecting of antibody. There are many procedures in order to extract
and amplify the antibody from blood. Therefore, protein microarray is easier to use for the
detection of targets in small amount of samples. In protein microarray, plenty of proteins
may cover the analyses of less abundant targets. In addition, the most informative proteins
such as enzymes and transcription factors usually obtained in low abundance.

By using the protein microarray which is more sensitive, the enzymes and
transcription factors or other informative protein with low abundance can be easily detected.
Moreover, Dnieal J. Schwartz, director of business development at Grace BioLabs said that
protein microarray has better simplicity (Easthope, 2018). On the other words, the
procedures to use the protein microarrays may easy to understand and it is straightforward
as well as graceful assays. Furthermore, protein microarray is very robust. Protein
microarray can yield large quantities of data.

The protein microarray has high accuracy as it has hundreds of standard 96-well
ELISA plates. Due to the hundreds of 96-well ELISA plates, the time consuming for protein
microarray is less which mean the protein microarray does not required to repeat again and
again for many samples. Therefore, protein microarray is much time saving because a lot of
samples could be used for one time. In addition, plastic waste could be reduced as the
plates already contain many well that enough for many samples so no need to do more
plates to fill all the large amount of samples. Hence, protein microarray could be plastic-
friendly.

By using tissue microarray, it is important as the statistical sensitivity for conclusion

of a period of time and cost which associated with an immunohistochemical (IHC)
experiment can be increased by perform the rigorous statistical analysis on larger sample
size (Novus Biologicals, 2017).
 However, the microarray has limitations which may cause imperfections of
microarray. Before using microarray, it is important to know and learn about genome
sequence. Therefore, people that do not familiar with genome sequence may face problem
on identifying the samples using microarrays. In generally, at high throughput level, cDNA is
used for screening of genes. Nevertheless, promise of this technology may produce more
strength to send the biological complexity at new level that result in the opens up the
possibility of complexity computational analysis in terms of describing the molecular network
and assorting diseases on a molecular basis (Aigner, 2003). Besides that, high background
levels are required in using microarrays because of the cross-hybridization.

The gene with low expression levels required replication in order to build high degree
of confidence as well as to reduce the results that showing potential false positive. However,
the replication may be hard as it required higher cost or there is not enough amounts of
samples. This may due to insufficient of total RNA that were collected from the samples. In
sufficient of total RNA required amplification to increase the amount of total RNA. However,
the steps for the amplification may lead to bias. During reverse transcriptase, there is an
unequal efficiency of fluorescent dye labelling.

Next, one of the limitations of microarray is the sampling source of a sample in

microarray. In the Renal biopsy samples, there is a mixture of different types of cells.
Therefore, the source of mRNA is unknown since there are lots of cells with different types.
When the source of mRNA is unknown, it is hard to interpret the signatures of the cell that
relating to the gene expression patterns of data (Chua, 2003).
REFERENCES

The advantages and applications of using tissue microarrays ( 17 April, 2017).

NovusBiologicals. Retrieved from https://www.novusbio.com/antibody-

news/antibodies/the-advantages-and-applications-of-using-tissue-microarrays

Easthope, E. (2018, December 6). Advantages of Protein Microarrays. Retrieved May 6, 2019,
from Biocompare: https://www.biocompare.com/Editorial-Articles/355020-
Advantages-of-Using-Protein-Microarrays/

Mei-Sze Chua, E. M. (2013, October). Applications of microarrays to renal transplantation:

progress and possibilities. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from Frontiers in Bioscience:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5285024_Applications_of_microarrays_to_
renal_transplantation_progress_and_possibilities/figures?lo=1