A

TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

on

INTELLIGENT BIN FOR SMART CITIES

for

Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award

of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

Submitted By

KORUKANTI SAI BHARATH

(167R1A0426)

i
 CMR TECHNICAL CAMPUS
UGC AUTONOMOUS
( Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, NewDelhi)
Kandlakoya(v), Medchal Road, Hyderabad(Telangana)-501401

(2019-20)
Department Of Electronics And Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled "INTELLIGENT BIN FOR
SMART CITIES" being submitted by K. SAI BHARATH bearing roll no.
(167R1A0426) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of the
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Enginerring during the
academic 2019-2020.

Seminar Coordinator Head of the Department

Dr. Pankaj Agarwal G. Srikanth
(Assoc. Prof)
 ABSTRACT

Internet of Things (IoT) is a prominent technology that creates a massive network of

things communicating with one another. Cities in the world are becoming smarter and
smarter by implementing the things using IoT. Smart cities include traffic control, tracking
of human activities, monitoring street lights etc. Main objective of smart cities is to keep the
environment neat and clean. But this objective is not fulfilled without the waste bin
management system. Improper disposal of waste leads to diseases like dengue, malaria to the
human society. To reduce this impact, Municipal Corporation has developed a mission
named as Clean India mission, which is run by the government to clean the street and other
infrastructure. But this system does not clearly explain about the monitoring of bins at
different locations. In existing method, municipal person will collect the waste from
everybin, whether the bin is filled or not, and will be sent by truck for disposal. This has the
major disadvantage of unnecessary transportation and pre-clean-up. In our proposed project,
the above disadvantage is overcome. The level of the dustbin will be monitored and the
concern person will be intimated through the text message to avoid the overflow of waste
and unnecessary transportation of waste pickup truck. Index Terms: Raspberry Pi, sensors,
GSM, Arduino UNO
 CONTENTS

SL.NO LISTOFFIGURES PAGE NO

CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 EXISTINGMETHODOLOGY 1

1.2 PROPOSEDMETHODOLOGY 1

CHAPTER2 INTERNETOFTHINGS 2
2.1 HOWITWORKS 2
CHAPTER3 SENSORS 3
3.1 TYPESOFSENSORS 3
CHAPTER4 ARDUINO 4

CHAPTER5 COMMUNICATIONDEVICES 7

CHAPTER6 GSMMODEM 8

CHAPTER7 DIAGRAMS 9

CHAPTER8 CONCLUSION 14

CHAPTER 9 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 15

CHAPTER10 ALGORITHM AND EXPLAINATION 16

CHAPTER 11 OUTPUT ANALYSIS 17

CHAPTER 12 REFERENCES 18
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.

IRSENSOR 9

ARDUINO 10

TRANSMITTERBLOCKDIAGRAM 11

RECEIVERBLOCKDIAGRAM 12

BINSTATUS 13

GPS 13
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 EXISTING METHODOLOGY

The traditional method includes burning of the waste if not collected in time.
Burning of waste causes air pollution to great extent. Uncontrolled release of methane by
an aerobic composition of waste also adds in social health issues. Waste is an important
issue, which needs to be tackled smartly. The waste is segregated at our homes for easy
at processing and recycling. We observed trash vans or trucks come irregular to homes
creating a havoc of households. Due to this many civilians emptytheir overloaded
dustbins in open spaces. This in turn increases environmental pollution. They got inspired
from “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” which is a national campaign by the Government of
India, to clean the streets and infrastructure of the country. The citizens want to have better
service at a lower cost and having easy accessible reports on what has been done.
Honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi wish to have “Swachh Bharat” (clean India)
by 2019, but sweeping the streets does not address the enormity of India’s real garbage
challenge.

1.2 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

For detecting the garbage, many sensors like weight sensors, IR sensors, etc can
be used. Weight sensor is the one which gives the information about the weight of
garbage. But using this is not efficient because it doesn‟t identify the level of waste in
the bin. Hence Infrared sensor (IR sensor) is used which is a multipurpose sensor, which
can detect the level of garbage. IR sensor emits the light, which is invisible to naked eye
but the electronic components can detect it. It consist of IR transmitter and IR receiver.
Both analog and digital output is produced by IR sensor. This sensor produces the output
a logic „1‟ at the digital output when it senses the object and a logic „0‟ whenit doesn‟t
senses any object. Depending on the distance between the object and sensor, sensor
produces the analog output voltage between 0 and 5V. An LED is present on IR sensor
board. It is used to indicate the presence or absence of an object

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 2.INTERNET OFTHINGS

INTERNET OF THINGS
The Internet of Things is the concept of connecting any device (so long as it has
an on/off switch) to the Internet and to other connected devices. The IoT is a giant network
of connected things and people – all of which collect and share data about the way they
are used and about the environment around them.That includes an extraordinary number
of objects of all shapes and sizes – from smart microwaves, which automatically cook
your food for the right length of time, to self-driving cars, whose complex sensors detect
objects in their path, to wearable fitness devices that measure your heart rate and the
number of steps you’ve taken that day, then use that information to suggest exercise plans
tailored to you. There are even connectedfootballs that can track how far and fast they are
thrown and record those statistics via an app for future training purposes.

2.1 HOW INTERNET OF THINGS WORK

Devices and objects with built in sensors are connected to an Internet of
Thingsplatform, which integrates data from different devices and applies analytics to
share the most valuable information with applications built to address specific
needs.These powerful IoT platforms can pinpoint exactly what information is useful and
what can safely be ignored. This information can be used to detect patterns, make
recommendations, and detect possible problems before they occur.For example, if I own
a car manufacturing business, I might want to know which optional components (leather
seats or alloy wheels, for example) are the most popular. Using Internet of Things
technology, I can: Use sensors to detect which areas in a showroom are the most popular,
and where customers linger longest.Drill down into the available sales data to identify
which components are selling fastest.

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 3.SENSORS

In many cases, sensors are useful and very important for the devices in order to
fetch the data. The data can be real-time, which includes the current temperature, pressure
or humidity. It can also sense the objects and calculate the distance between them. For
each purpose, there are sensors available in the market. In this article, we shall discuss
various sensors and their applications, which can be used in your DIY IoT projects.

3.1 TYPES OF SENSORS

● Pressure Sensor
● Proximity Sensor
● Accelerometer and Gyroscope Sensor
● IR Sensor
● Optical Sensor
● Gas Sensor
● Smoke Sensor
● Temperature Sensor

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 4.ARDUINO

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.

Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the
Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to
load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package.

4.1 Power (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO
can be powered from a USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply (like this)
that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture above the USB connection is labeled
(1) and the barrel jack is labeled (2).The USB connection is also how you will load code onto
your Arduino board. More on how to program with Arduino can be found in our Installing and
Programming Arduino tutorial.

NOTE: Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and
thereby destroy) your Arduino. The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between
6 and 12 Volts.

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4.2 PINS

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a
circuit (probably in conjunction with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have
black plastic ‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire right into the board. TheArduino
has several different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and used for
different functions.

● GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of
which can be used to ground your circuit.
● 5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and
the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with
the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
● Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the
UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor
(like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.
● Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the
UNO). These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is
pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED).
● PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5,
6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be
used for something called Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM). We have a tutorial on
PWM, but for now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output (like
fading an LED in and out).
● AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin
alone. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and5.

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4.3 RESET BUTTON

Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will
temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the
Arduino. This can be very useful if your code doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it
multiple times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the Arduino doesn't
usually fix any problems.

4.4 POWER LED INDICATOR

Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a
tiny LED next to the word ‘ON’ (11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your
Arduino into a power source. If this light doesn’t turn on, there’s a good chance something
is wrong. Time to re-check your circuit!

4.5 TX RX LEDs

TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit
in electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there
are two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear -- once by digital pins 0 and
1, and a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12). These LEDs will give us
some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like
when we’re loading a new program onto the board).

4.6 Main IC

The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of
it as the brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board
type to board type, but is usually from the ATmega line of IC’s from the ATMEL
company. This can be important, as you may need to know the IC type (along with your
board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information
can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know more about
the difference between various IC's, reading the datasheets is often a good idea.

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 5. COMMUNICATIONDEVICES

COMMUNICATION DEVICES

A communication device is a hardware device capable of transmitting an analog or

digital signal over the telephone, other communication wire, or wirelessly. A classic example
of a communication device is a computer modem, which converts a computer's digital
information to an analog signal for transmission over a telephone line. Similarly, a modem
receives analog signals, and converts them to digital, for processing by the computer. This
process is called modulation/demodulation, from which the modem gets its name.

5.1 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DEVICES

● Infrared devices

● Modem (over phone line)

● Network card (using Ethernet)

● Smartphone

● Wi-Fi devices (using a Wi-Fi route

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 6.GSMMODEM

GSM is a mobile communication modem; it stands for global system for mobile
communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. Itis
widely used mobile communication system in the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular
technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at 850MHz,
900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.GSM system was developed as a digital
system using time division multiple access (TDMA) technique for communication purpose.
A GSM digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it down through a channel with two
different streams of client data, each in its own particular time slot. The digital system has
an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.There are various cell sizes in a GSM
system such as macro, micro, pico and umbrella cells. Each cell varies as per the
implementation domain. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network macro, micro,
pico and umbrella cells. The coverage area of each cell varies according to the
implementation environment.

6.1 GSM ARCHITECTURE

A GSM network consists of the following components: A Mobile Station: It is the

mobile phone which consists of a transceiver, the display and the processor and is controlled
by a SIM card operating over the network.Base Station Subsystem: It acts as an interface
between the mobile station and the network subsystem. It consists of the Base Transceiver
Station which contains the radio transceivers and handles the protocols for communication
with mobiles. It also consists of the Base Station Controller which controls the Base
Transceiver station and acts as an interface between the mobile station and mobile switching
centre.

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 7.DIAGRAMS

7.1 ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.

Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.
The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the
Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to
load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package.

9
7.2 IR SENSOR

An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects
of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the
motion. These types of sensors measure only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is
called a passive IR sensor. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form
of thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected
by an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the
detector is simply an IR photodiode that is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that
emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output
voltages will change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

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 7.3 TRANSMITTER BLOCK DIAGRAM

The output of IR sensor is acquired by The National Instruments myRIO-1900. It is

an input output device which is portable and reconfigurable. This can be used by the students
in the design of robotics, controls and many other designs. The NI myRIO-1900 has a ZYNQ
chip. This ZYNQ chip is a combination of processor (ARM Dual core) and FPGA (Xilinx).
The NI myRIO-1900 consists of analogue input, digital input, analogue output, digital output,
power output, non-volatile memory and audio input and output in an embedded device. USB
acts as a connector between the NI myRIO-1900 and host computer. It has connectors A and
B that acts as an expansion port and a connector C that act as a mini-system port, they carry
the signals and these signals are distinguished by different connector names. Here the mostly
used connector is mini-system port connector C. This device can even connect to the wireless
network and create wireless network. It has inbuilt option to connect to Wi-Fi.

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7.4 RECEIVER BLOCK DIAGRAM

It consists of IR transmitter and IR receiver. Both analog and digital output is

produced by IR sensor. This sensor produces the output a logic „1‟ at the digital output
when it senses the object and a logic „0‟ when it doesn’t sense any object. Depending on
the distance between the object and sensor, sensor produces the analog output voltage
between 0 and 5V. An LED is present on the IR sensor board. It is used to indicate the
presence or absence of an object. IR sensors are highly sensitive to surrounding lights.
Hence, these sensors are covered properly in order to reduce the light effect on the
sensor. Potentiometer is used to calibrate the sensor.

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7.5 STATUS OF THE BIN

IT shows the level of garbage filled in the bins at the respective area, so that the
concerned person can take care of the bins around the cities.

7.6 GPS TO VARIOUS BINS LOCATED

It shows the map to various bin that are present in the city, we also can
differentiatefllled and non-filled bin by seeing the IR 13

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 8.CONCLUSION

Implementation of managing the garbage using sensor, LabVIEW and GSM is shown
in this paper. This paper gives solution of how garbage management can be achieved. This
method helps in keeping the waste bin clean when the bin is completely filled. The garbage
managing system and the facility of collecting the garbage presently doesn‟t fit to the current
requirement. Hence better facility of collecting garbage and transportation should be
provided. Since, this system provides the information when the bin gets completely filled
with garbage, it reduces the number of times the arrival of vehicle which collects the garbage.
This method finally helps in keeping the environment clean. Thus, the garbage collection is
made more efficient.

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 9. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

 The following result is obtained from our proposed methodology.

 Dustbin level is detected

 Data is transmitted in real time and accessed frequently

 Overflow of dustbin is reduced

 Send message to municipal authority through Way 2sms When the garbage is filled
inside the dustbin the ultrasonic sensor sends the message though network to
municipal authority. The message will be sent only if the ultrasonic sensor reaches the
threshold value. Due to this the transportation is reduced and time is saved.

1 2 1 51
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 10.ALGORITHM EXPLANATION

 This is process flow algorithm for our proposed project.

 Initially the level of the bin will be detected by the ultrasonic sensor
 The ultrasonic sensor monitor the level of the garbage bin to reach the threshold value
 When the threshold value is reached the message will be sent to concern municipal
authority.
 The municipal authority will intimate the concern person to clean the garbage that is
filled.
 Then truck reaches the particular location empty the bin.

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11.OUTPUT ANALYSIS
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 This project uses the concept of Automation used in the domain of Public Cleanliness
and Hygiene. Careless trashing of garbage onto the roads is a common scenario to be found
in all developing countries. Garbage accumulation is so high that it becomes a crisis if left
uncollected. If the garbage collector does not turn up, a household would probably direct their
maidservant to pick the bags of trash, as it would be too much for the bags to be kept inside
the home. The servant would probably dump the trash at the end of the lane. Having seen that,
others would follow that. The place would gradually turn into a garbage dump yard, which
would turn into a heaven for deadly diseases. Inefficient waste collection systems lead to
environmental pollution, which in turn results in breeding of insects, animal scavengers and
rodents, and giving rise to range of diseases. The traditional method includes burning of the
waste if not collected in time. Burning of waste causes air pollution to great extent.
Uncontrolled release of methane by an aerobic composition of waste also adds in social health
issues.

17

12.REFERENCES
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  Aishwarya A “IoT Garbage Monitoring System” International Journal of Computer
Science and Application vol1 issue1 July 2015.
 AishwaryaGhongane, Aniket Piralkar and VaishnaviPawar “Automatic Garbage
Tracking and Collection System” International Conference on Recent Trends in
Engineering Science and Management April 2017.
 Aldrich D’mello et al, (2016),” Home Automation using Raspberry Pi 2”, International
Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.6, No.3.
 AmitRana, A.S. Bhalchandra(2016), “Machine Monitoring on Cloud using Raspberry
Pi and Internet of Things”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer
and Communication Engineering Vol. 5, Issue 1

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