Lauren Nolasco

CONSONANT CHART

Sound examples alternate spellings

/b/ Brought, be, by, both, before, bed, built, (gobbled)
bread, beast, beings
/d/ Suddenly, old, day, door, head, said, dear, Nodded, covered, pretended, muttered,
do, led, good, food, bed, down, kind, day, laughed, killed
draw, already, dainty
/f/ Frightened, fall, food, for, fell, feast, far, Laughed
mouthful
/g/ Again, Gretel, good (egg)
/h/ House, had, her, hands, hills, Hansel, Who
however, head, has, here, happen,
heaven, human, hood
/j/ (jewel) (edge)
/k/ Cake, keen, awake, cook, look, hook, Creep, crutches, came, come, cover,
took, milk, kind, killed, like, mock clean, escape
/l/ Old, let, led, linen, lay, built, like, laughed, All, little, hills, killed
already, sleep, look, plump, mouthful
/m/ Woman, came, me, milk, human, malice, Plump
mock, morning, muttered, mouthful
/n/ In, nodded, no, nut, linen, near, scent, Opened
dainty
/p/ Pan, pretty, power, up, pretended, sleep, Supported, opened, happen, apple
plump
/r/ There, terribly, before, sugar, afterwards, (wrap)
reality, order, red, far, morning, already,
rosy
/s/ Suddenly, cakes, see, so, Hansel, said, Scent
stay, supported, set, sugar, escape, saw,
sleep
/t/ To, out, Gretel, terribly, frightened, let, Little, pretty, muttered
took, set, two, entice, ate, pretended,
scent, dainty
/v/ Cover, heaven Of, have,
/w/ Woman, was, with, were, afterwards, What, white, who
wicked, witch, wait, aware
/y/ You (usual)
/z/ (Zoo) Was, hands, rosy
/ch/ Children, child, cheek Crutch
/sh/ She, shall (nation)
/th/ (bathe) There, that, the, they , their, them NA
/th/ (bath) With, mouthful, thought NA
/zh/ treasure (pleasure) (television)
/ng/ ring Morning, sleeping, creeping, beings, NA
mocking
 Lauren Nolasco

VOWEL CHART

Symbol Examples Alternate Spellings

Short vowels
/ă/ bat Hansel, and, as, that, had, hands, Have
shall, happen, pan, apple,
afterwards, can, malice, laughed,
pan

/ ĕ / bet Gretel, let, led, them, set, red, bed, Head, said, bread, again, ready
when, fell, escape, self
/ĭ/ bit Hill, children, with, little, in, milk, (Hymn)
linen, wicked, witch, built, killed

/ŏ/ hot On, not, mock (watch)

/ ŭ / but Come, suddenly, supported, Of

crutches, nuts, plump,

/ ŏ ŏ / book Hook, cooked, good, look Woman, sugar

/ɔ/ law Draw, saw Fall, nodded, brought, thought

/ǝ / about, sofa A, the, what, was

Long vowels

/ā/ a_e bake Came, cakes, ate, awake Stay, they, lay, wait, day,
neighborhood, dainty

/ ē / ee bee Creep, keen, see, sleep, cheeks She, me, clean, pretended, be
reality, feast, before, beast, beings
/ ī / i_e bite Entice, like Frightened, by, white, kind, eyes,
child

/ ō / o_e bone Opened Old, so, no, both, only, rosy

/ ū / oo boot Food Who, you, do, to, two, human.

/ oy / boy (Enjoy) (Broil)

/ ou / bounce Out, house, mouth How, down
r-colored vowels
/ar/ far Far, harm Are
/ǝ r/ fur (Furnace) Her, order, covered, were, power,
early, mutter
/er/ fair (Hair) There, their, terribly
/ir / fear Dear, near (Mysterious)
/or / for For, morning Before
/ur/ poor Door (Lure)
 Lauren Nolasco
Spelling Patterns/generalizations

1. In a closed syllable with a vowel followed by a consonant, the vowel is usually short:

That, had, hand, pan, can, let, led, set, red, bed, with, in, on, not, mock, come, nuts

2. An open, accented vowel is usually long:

Me, she, be

3. A vowel followed by a consonant and silent e is usually long:

Came, cake, ate, awake

4. The consonant v cannot end a word that had a short vowel. An e must be added:

Have

5. Wh, _th, _ch, _sh, ng (consonant digraphs) are single consonant sounds which are spelled
by two letters:

Children, Child, Cheek, crutch, she, shall, there, that, the, they, their, them, with, mouthful,
thought, morning, sleeping, creeping, beings, mocking

6. Y sound like long I at the end of one syllable words:

By

7. Y sounds like short I in the middle of the syllable in Greek words:

(Hymn)

8. R-controlled: all the vowels with r:

Sugar, far, harm, are, her, order, covered, were, power, early, mutter, there, their, terribly, dear,
near, for, morning, door, before

9. Consonant-le: always ends a word. The final e is silent. We hear only the two consonants:

Apple, little

10. Vowel team: two vowels together that usually make just one vowel sound:

Sleep, Creep, See, cheeks, clean, feast, beast, bread, head, ready

11. S sometimes spells z sound:

Rosy, was, hands

 Lauren Nolasco

12. The gh consonant combination is often silent in words:

Brought, thought

13. When c comes before a, o, u, or a consonant, it makes the "hard" /k/ sound:

Cake, cook, covered, come, came, creep, clean, crutch

14. _gh is used to spell /f/ at the end of a few words. It must be preceded by another letter in
order to make the /f/ sound:

Laughed

15. The c in ce makes the soft c /s/ sound:

Malice, scent, entice

16. Use tch at the end of a word or syllable if there is a single short vowel directly before it:

Crutch, witch, watch