FEDERAL BUREAU

OF INVESTIGATION

FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION

COVER SHEET

SUBJECT: JackThe Ripper

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*1 i'* {"5 O
P

_July 6, 1988

UNSUB; AKAJACK THERIPPER7

~SERIES OF HOMICIDES
LONDON, ENGLAND
1888
NCAVC
HOMICIDE
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE
ANALYSIS!

The following
criminal investigative
analysis was
prepared Supervisory
National by for theAnalysis
Center Special
Agent
of SSA!
ViolentJohn E.
CrimeDouglas, FBI
NCAVC!,
Program Manager of CriminalInvestigative Analysis.
At the
request
to prepare of
Cosgrove-Meurer
an analysis Productions,
SSA
Douglas
of a100-yearold, was requested
unsolved serial
murder
case
that
' "Jack occurred England.
the Ripper." in C This
historical case
was known
as-
SSA
Douglas was provided
basic background
information
relative toeach case;
however,itis noted thatforensic
technology
today, were other
and investigative
nonexistent techniques,
acenturyago. Medical we
as know
examinersof
reports were
incomplete, crime
scene
photography was used
sparingly,
type and
police investigative
ofthoroughness reports
evidenced
today. _ do not reflect
the
When
a case
is submitted for
investigative analysis,
the reliability
the and
thoroughness validity
displayed
byof the
the overall analysis
medical is hinged
examiners, on
technicians,
investigators,
complete
as etc.
Althoughtoday
casessubmitted materials
by
much provided were
not as
more sophisticated
law
enforcement
information
by agencies,
SSA
Douglas filled
makingcertain probable inthe missing
assumptions.pieces of
This analysis
will address
the following
areas:
_ Victimology
crime andor profile
crimesceneof victims;
medical
analysis; offender traits and findings;
examiner's
characteristics;and pre-post-offense
behavioral patterns;
investigative and/or
proactive
interrogation suggestions. techniques;
and interview] v
v
A
Rather than
address each homicideseparately, &#39

SSA Douglas
comments
homicides as awhole.
will
relate tothe entireseries of 1

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1 VICTIMOLOGY

qf In each homicide, the victim was aprostitute with a

reputation of
drinking quite heavily. These two ingredients
place the victim in a"high risk" category. By "high risk," we
define this as someonewho is very likely to be the
victim of
92
F violent crime. From aninvestigative perspective, this makes it
extremely difficult in
reference to developing logical suspects.
From aforensic viewpoint, if any evidence is obtained such as
hairs and
fibers, semen, etc., law enforcement would not know for
certain
if this evidence did in fact comefrom
the subject.
One hundred years ago, prostitution was not as
organized as it is
today, where wehave pimpscontrolling,
monitoring, and protecting their
stables. During the "Jack the
Ripper" era,
women worked independently.A femaleprostitute who
drank heavily was looking for trouble. Wewould
suspect that
E?
..; there werenumerous instances
of these women
being
physically
3 assaulted, raped, and ripped off.
.4
Prostitutes 100 years
ago did not dress differently
I than other
women at that time.
In most
cases, they performed
I their "services" in dark alleys or in
"flop" houses. The
prostitutes targetedby Jackthe Ripperwerenearly
twice the age
of
prostitutes soliciting today. They
were not particularly
attractive and other than their age,
there were
no striking
similarities between them.
It is noted
that the last
victim was
25.!

The "Jack the Ripper" victims were targeted because

| they were readily accessible. Jack the Ripper did
not have to
»
initiate the contact. This wasdone
for him bythe prostitute.
This is an important feature in acase such as this and will be
i addressed later on
in this analysis under
"Offender Traits and
Characteristics."

MEDICAL EXAMINATION i
As stated
earlier, the medical
examinations conducted
at that time werenot verythorough when
compared
to
autopsy
examinations conducted today
by experienced forensic
.pathologists. However, evenin some
parts of
the United states
today, autopsy examinations aresomething lessthan desired.
The primary areas noted
in this analysis were as
follows:

i
l. No evidence of
sexual assault. &#39;

2. Subject killed victims swiftly.

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3. Subject was able to maintain control of

.victims during the initial "blitz style"
of attack.

-4. Subject removed

body organsi.e., kidney,
vagina, nose!on someof the victims, indicating
some anatomical knowledge.
5. No evidence of physical torture prior to death.
. 6. Postmortem
- . mutilation.

7. Possible manual strangulation.

8." Blood from victims was concentrated in
small
areas. _

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taken fromone ofthe victims. p
10. The last victim was killed indoors and was the
most mutilated. Subject spent a considerable
amount of time at the scene.

ll. Time of death was in the early morning hours.

The abovelisted
autopsy findings
will
contribute to
the overall offender analysisthat will
this report.
be addressed later
on in
CRIME ANDCRIME SCENEANALYSIS

with the exception of the last

case, all victims were
killed outdoors. All victims were killed swiftly, with
the
victims consequentlyreceiving postmortemmutilation. All
homicides occurredwithin onefourthof a mile fromeach other
and occurred either onFriday, Saturday,
or Sundayduring early
morning hours. After thefirst homicide
at WhitechapelStation,
the subject moved slightlyacross townonefourth ofa mile!.
If a line is
drawn from crime scenes 2,
3, 4, and 5,a triangular
configurationis
formed. Thisis
observed in
other types of
serial crimes. This triangularconfigurationis
viewed as a
- secondarycomfort zone for the Ripper. This
movement is caused
when subject
a believes
that the investigationis
heating up in
his primarycomfort zone.The primary comfort zone
would be
the
location ofthe first
homicide in the vicinity of Whitechapel
station. It is
the opinion ofthis crimeanalyst thatthere were
other attacksin the Whitechapel
area
that either wentunreported
or for some reason
were notconsidered byauthorities to be
crimes of Jack the Ripper.

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Some criminologists and behavioral scientists have

written in the past that subjects will maintain their modus
operandi and that is what links socalled "signature crimes."
This conclusion is incorrect. A subject will change his modus
operandi as he gains additional experience. This is learned
behavior. However,the personaldesires andneeds ofthe subject
are
expressed in the ritual aspect of acrime. The ritual is
something that he must always do because it is
the acting out of
the fantasy. With Jack the Ripper, the target selection, the
approach, the method of his initial attack, are his modus
operandi. What takes place after this is the ritual. The ritual
may becomemore elaborate as*was in the last homicide case.
Here, the Ripper had time to act out his fantasies. As
investigators, we should notnecessarily expectthe sametype of
homicides in the future, particularly if subsequent victimsare
killed outdoors. Once again,
he wouldnot havethe time to carry
out all of his fantasies and consequently mutilation will not be
as advanced.

COMMUNIQUES ALLEGEDLY
RECEIVED FROMTHE RIPPER
Another aspect of this case worth mentioning was the
comuniques allegedlyreceived from Jack theRipper. It is quite
rare
when aserial murderer of this type communicates with
police, media,family, etc. When they do communicate,they
generally providespecifics relative to the crime that only are
known bythe subject. ,In addition, they generally provide
information relative to their motivation for committing sucha
heinous crime. It is myopinion thatthis series of homicides
was not perpetrated by someone who set up achallenge against law
enforcement. Whilethe killer knew hewould bereceiving
national as well as international publicity, this was not his &#39;
primary motivation.

In summary,Iwould not put emphasis onthe

communiques
during this investigation. However, Iwould develop an
investigative techniquewith the goal in mind to identify the
author of the communiques. ,
OFFENDER &#39;IRAITS
AND CHARACTERISTICS

These homicides are referredto as Lust Murders.Roy

Hazelwood and
Iwrote an
article several yearsago which appeared
in the FBI&#39;sEnforcement
Law Bulletin. The word"lust" does nor
mean loveor have any sexual meaning, other than the fact that
the subject attacks the genital areas of his victims. The
vaginal area
and breasts arethe focal
point of attack in a woman
and the penis and scrotum are the attack area of the male
offender. Generally, males whoare attacked in this fashion are
victims that were involved
in ahomosexual
relationship.

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I have never experienced a female serial lust murderer

either in research or in cases received at the NCAVC.It is for
this reason that Jack the Ripper was a male. He was of white
race in view of the fact that white was the predominant raceat
the crime scene locations, and generally crimes such as these are
intraracial. . .

The age of onset for these types of homicides is

generally betweenthe mid to late 20&#39;s. Based
upon the high
degree ofpsychopathology exhibited at the scene, theability of
the subject to converse with the victim until a suitable location
is found, and the ability toavoid detection, places him between
the age bracket of 38 to 36 years of age. However,itshould be
noted that age is a difficult characteristic to categorize and
consequently we
would noteliminate a viable suspectexclusively
because of age. *

- This offender does not look out of the ordinary.

However, the clothing he wears at the time of the assaults is not
his everydaydress. He wants to project to unsuspecting females
prostitutes! that
he has money;consequently this relieves him
from initiating contact.

He comesfrom a family where he was raised by a

domineering motherand weak,passive and/or absent father. In
all likelihood, his mother
drank heavily andenjoyed thecompany
of many men. As a result, he failed to receive consistent care
and contactwith stable adult role models. Consequently, he
became detached socially and developed adiminished emotional
response towards his fellow man. Hebecame asocial, preferring
to be alone. His anger became internalized and in his younger
years, he expressed hispent-up destructiveemotions bysetting
fires and torturing small animals. Byperpetrating these
acts,
he discovered increased areasof dominance,
power and control,
and learned how to continue violent destructive acts without
detection or punishment.

As he grew older, his fantasy developed astrong

component that included domination, cruelty, and mutilation of
women. We would expect to find evidence of this violent
destructive fantasy life through personal writingsof his as well
as drawings of women
being mutilated.
For employment,he would seek a position where
he could
work alone and vicariously experience his destructive fantasies.
such employmentwould include work as a butcher, mortician&#39;s
helper, medical examiner&#39;s assistant,
or hospital attendant. He
is employedMonday throughFriday and on Fridaynight, Saturday,
and Sundayis off from work. He hascarried a knife for defense
purposes--justincase he wasever attacked,he wouldbe ready.
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This paranoid-type
of thinkingis in part
justified because of
the poorself-image hehas ofhimself. Hewould be expected to
have sometype ofphysical abnormality.However, although
not
severe, heperceives thisas beingpsychologically crippling.
We
would lookfor someonebelow orabove averagein heightand/or
weight. May
haveor problems
physical illness,
injury.
with speech,
scarred complexion,
We would
not expectthis type of offender to be
married. If he was
married in
the past,it wouldhave been
to
someone older
than himself
short duration.
and
~
themarriage would
have been
for a
He is not adeptin meetingpeople sociallyand the
major extent
of his heterosexual relationships
would be
with
prostitutes.
that timeandDueto lackof treatment
the
absence hygiene
of practices
for by
prostitutes
venereal disease,at
may have
been infected.If infected, this wouldfurther fuelhehis
92 hatred and
disgust for
women. _
" "&#39;He would
be perceivedas being quiet, aloner, shy,
slightly withdrawn,
obedient, andneat andorderly inappearance
and whenworking. Hedrinks inthe localpubs and after afew
spirits, hebecomes more
relaxed andfinds it easier toengage in
conversation. Helives
or works inthe Whitechapel
area. The
first homicide
should be
in closeproximity to
either hishome or
workplace. It is
noted that London
Hospitalis
only one block
from the
first
homicide and as
stated earlier
in this analysis,
we would
expect otherviolent crimesin this vicinity.
Investigators wouldhave interviewedhim duringthe
course of
the investigation
and he
was probably
talked toby
policeway
was no
on
several occasions.
Unfortunatelythis
at time,there
tocorrelate thistype ofinformation; therefore,
was overlooked.
Investigators and
citizens inthe community
he

a preconceived
idea orpicture ofwhat Jack wouldhad
the Ripper
look
like. Because
of thebelief that
he would
appear odd
or ghoulish
in appearance,
suspect.
he wasoverlooked and/or
eliminatedapotential
as
PRE ANDPOSTOFFENSE BEHAVIOR

Prior to each homicide,

the subjectwas inalocal
drinking spirits,whileat
the same time lowering his pub
inhibitions. Hewould be observed walking
all over the
Whitechapelarea
during the earlyevening hours. He didnot
specifically seek
acertain lookina woman; however, it was
no accidentthat hekilled prostitutes.He had the sense to
when and where to
attack hisvictims. Therewould have beenby
know
many

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. 3.

other womenwho confronted Jack the Ripper and were not assaulted
because the location was not secure enough.
&#39; Post~offense behavior would-
include returning to an
area wherehe could wash his hands of blood and remove his
clothing. We would not expect him to inject himself into the
police investigation or provide bogus information. &#39;
Jack the Ripper hunted nightly for his victims. when
he could not find another, he returned to the locations where he
killed his previous victims. If the victims wereburied locally,
he wouldvisit the gravesites ofhis victims during theearly
morning hoursfor the purpose of reliving his lust murders.
Jack the Ripper would not have committed suicide after
the last homicide. Generally, when crimes
such asthese cease,
it is because hecame closeto being identified, was interviewed
by police, or was arrested for some othertype of offense. As
stated previously in this report, we would be surprised if Jack
the Ripperwould suddenly stop. However,we&#39;ve this
seen
happen
before and generally it has been
because of the abovestated
reasons. V&#39;

INVESTIGATIVE ANDZOR
PROSECUTIVE TECHNIQUES
Jack the Ripper would be best suited to be interviewed
during the early morninghours. He would feel more relaxedand
secure to confess to the homicides. He would feel more relaxed
to expresshimself bywriting abouthis motivationfor killing
the women. He wouldnot bevisibly shaken or upset
if directly
accused ofthe homicides.However, he would bepsychologically
and
physiologically stressed if confronted with the fact that he
became personally
soiled bythe victims blood. Jack the Ripper
believed the homicides were justified and he was only removing
perishable items--who were like garbage.
This analysis was preparedfor the exclusive use of
CosgroveMeurer Productions,
Inc. Any reproduction or use of
this
analysis for publication must havethe written consent of
SSA John E. Douglas.

_7_

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