Owning Period PDF

WFA
All data taken from the Performance Handbook Edition 31
OWNING and OPERATING COSTS

1. Ownership Periods
2. Fuel Consumption
3. Lube, Oil and Grease
4. Tires
5. Undercarriage
6. Repair Reserve
7. Quick Estimators
ESTIMATING OWNING & OPERATING COSTS
22
CONTENTS Most sections of this Handbook deal with the pro-
Estimating form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-2 ductivity of Caterpillar machines. This section con-
Explanation of form: siders the cost aspect of performance.
Estimating Owning Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-5 Hourly Owning and Operating Costs for a given
Guide for selecting ownership period . . . .22-6 machine can vary widely because they are influ-
Agricultural tractors depreciation . . . . .22-10 enced by many factors: the type of work the machine
1 Delivered price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-10 does, local prices of fuel and lubricants, shipping
2 Residual value at replacement . . . . . . . .22-10 costs from the factory, interest rates, etc. No attempt
3 Value to be recovered through work . . . .22-11 is made in this handbook to provide precise hourly
4 Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-11 costs for each model. Users must be able to estimate
5 Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-11 with a reasonable degree of accuracy what a machine
6 Taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-11 will cost per hour to own and operate in a given appli-
8 Fuel consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-12 cation and locality. Therefore, this section provides
9 Lube oils, filters, grease tables . . . . . . . .22-22 a suggested method of estimating hourly owning
10a Tires: and operating costs as well as data on Caterpillar-
Tire life estimator curves . . . . . . . . . . . .22-29 built machines which, when coupled with local con-
Goodyear life estimating system . . . . . .22-32 ditions, will permit accurate estimates.
10b Undercarriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-33 The method suggested follows several basic
Basic factors and conditions principles:
multipliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-34
● No prices are provided for any items. For reliable
11 Repair reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-35
estimates, these must always be obtained locally.
Cost estimating bar graphs . . . . . . . . . . .22-37
12 Special wear items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-44 ● Calculations are based on the complete machine.
15 Operator’s hourly wage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-44 Separate estimates are not necessary for the basic
O & O Cost Examples machine, dozer, control, etc.
Example I: Track-Type Tractor . . . . . . . . . .22-44
Example II: Wheel Loader . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-46 ● The multiplier factors provided will work equally
O & O form with example figures . . . . . . .22-47 well in any currency expressed in decimals.
Quick estimators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22-50 ● Because of different standards of comparison, what
may seem a severe application to one machine
General owner may appear only average to another. There-
Machine users must balance Productivity and fore, to better describe machine use, operating
Costs to achieve optimum performance ... that is, conditions and applications are defined in zones.
achieve the desired production at the lowest possi-
● Unless otherwise specified, the word “hour” when
ble cost. The approach most often used to measure
used in this section means clock or operating hours,
machine performance is this simple equation:
not Service Meter Units.
Lowest Possible Hourly Costs
____________________________ = Top Machine
Highest Possible Performance
Hourly Productivity
22-1
Owning & Operating Costs Estimating Form
HOURLY OWNING AND OPERATING COST ESTIMATE DATE _____________

(1) (2)
Machine Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
Estimated Ownership Period (Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
Estimated Usage (Hours/Year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
Ownership Usage (Total Hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
OWNING COSTS
1. a. Delivered Price (including attachments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
b. Less Tire Replacement Cost if desired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
c. Delivered Price Less Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
2. Less Residual Value at Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (___%) __________ (___%) __________
(See subsection 2A on back)
3. a. Value to be recovered through work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
(line 1c less line 2)
b. Cost Per Hour:
Value
______ (1) __________ (2) __________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
Hours
4. Interest Costs _____
N+1 Simple Int.
3 Del. Price 3
N = No. Yrs. 2N % Rate
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
+ 1 3 _______ 3 ___ % (2) _____
(1) _____ + 1 3 _______ 3 ___ %
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________
_____ Hours/Yr. _____ Hours/Yr.

5. Insurance N+1
_____ Insurance
3 Del. Price 3
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
+ 1 3 _______ 3 ___ % (2) _____
(1) _____ + 1 3 _______ 3 ___ %
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________

Or
$ __________ Per Yr. ÷ __________ Hours/Yr. = CATERPILLAR FORM NO. 01-085419-01 (52.00)
22-2
Estimating Form Owning & Operating Costs
(1) (2)
6. Property Tax N+1
_____ 3 Del. Price 3 Tax Rate %
N = No. Yrs. 2N
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
22
+ 1 3 _______ 3 ___ % (2) _____
(1) _____ + 1 3 _______ 3 ___ %
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________

Or
$ __________ Per Yr. ÷ __________ Hours/Yr. =
7. TOTAL HOURLY OWNING COST
(add lines 3b, 4, 5, and 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATING COSTS
8. Fuel: Unit Price 3 Consumption
(1) ________ 3 ___________ = __________ __________
(2) ________ 3 ___________ =
9. Lube Oils, Filters, Grease:
(See subsection 9A on back) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
10. a. Tires: Replacement Cost ÷ Life in Hours
Cost
______ (1) __________ (2) __________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
Life
b. Undercarriage
(Impact + Abrasiveness + Z Factor) 3 Basic Factor
(1) (______ + ______ + ______ ) = ______ 3 ______ = __________ __________

(2) (______ + ______ + ______ ) = ______ 3 ______ =
(Total) (Factor)
11. Repair Reserve
(Extended Use Multiplier 3 Basic Repair Factor)
(1) ______ 3 ______ = (2) ______ 3 ______ = __________ __________

12. Special Wear Items: Cost ÷ Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
13. TOTAL OPERATING COSTS
(add lines 8, 9, 10a (or 10b), 11 and 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
14. MACHINE OWNING PLUS OPERATING
(add lines 7 and 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
15. OPERATOR’S HOURLY WAGE (include fringes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
16. TOTAL OWNING AND OPERATING COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __________ __________
22-3
Owning & Operating Costs Supplemental Calculations to Estimating Form
SUBSECTION 2A: Residual Value at Replacement

Gross Selling Price (1) (___%) __________ (2) (___%) __________
Less: a. Commission __________ __________
b. Make-ready costs __________ __________
c. Inflation during
ownership period* __________ __________
Net Residual Value __________ (___%) __________ (___%) of original
(Enter on line 2) delivered price
*When used equipment auction prices are used to estimate residual value, the effect of inflation during the owner-
ship period should be removed to show in constant value what part of the asset must be recovered through work.
SUBSECTION 9A: Lube Oils, Filters, Grease

Unit Price 3 Consumption = Cost/Hour
Engine (1) __________ 3 __________ = ________ (2) __________ 3 __________ = ________
Transmission __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Final Drives __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Hydraulics __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Grease __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Filters __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Total (1) ________ (2) __________
(Enter total on line 9 or use Quick Estimator Tables)
SUBSECTION 12A: Special Items

(cutting edges, ground engaging tools, bucket teeth, excavator stick repair, etc.)
(1) Cost Life Cost/Hour (2)
1. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 1. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
2. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 2. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
3. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 3. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
4. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 4. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
5. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 5. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
6. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 6. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
Total (1) ____________ (2) ____________
(Enter total on line 12)
REPAIR RESERVE CONVERSION FACTORS (line 11)

For use in countries outside the United States where parts and service costs might differ from those used in charts
and tables:
Labor Rate Ratio (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________
Parts Cost Ratio (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________
22-4
Owning Costs Owning & Operating Costs
Accordingly, it is imperative that careful con-

1-7 ESTIMATING OWNING COSTS sideration be given the selection of depreciation
(Line Items 1 through 7) periods, and that for owning and operating cost
calculations they be based on useful life rather
than tax write-off life. The table of machine oper-
To protect his equipment investment and be able ating conditions (next page) only suggests such use- 22
to replace it, the machine owner must recover over ful life periods in clock or operating hours. Recognize,
the machine’s useful life an amount equal to the loss however, that factors other than operating conditions
in resale value plus the other costs of owning the can influence machine depreciation periods — an
equipment including interest, insurance and taxes. owner’s wish to accelerate recovery of his investment,
The machine owner, for accounting purposes, esti- purchase of a machine for a job of specific duration,
mates resale value loss in advance, and recovers his local customs, local economic conditions, availabil-
original equipment investment by establishing depre- ity of foreign exchange to buy a replacement, and
ciation schedules according to the various uses of the many others.
equipment. Proper financial and tax assistance is Maintenance practices are not considered in this
highly recommended when establishing deprecia- table but play an important part in determining eco-
tion schedules. nomic machine life. For example, operating condi-
The machine depreciation method suggested tions may suggest a 12,000 hour depreciation period
in this handbook is not based on or related to for a machine, but poor maintenance could make it
any tax considerations, but rather is a simple uneconomical to retain the unit beyond 10,000 hours.
straight line write-off based solely on the num- Good, regular maintenance often can extend econom-
ber of years or hours the owner expects to use ical machine life.
the machine gainfully. Considering today’s eco- Therefore, a knowledge of the intended use, oper-
nomic conditions worldwide and the trend toward ating conditions and maintenance practices, plus any
larger, more expensive equipment, many users special factors, is essential in establishing expected
choose to keep these units on the job well after they machine life for depreciation purposes.
have been fully depreciated for tax purposes. On the
other hand, tax incentives in many areas may favor
trading a machine well before it approaches the limits
of its useful life.
22-5
Owning & Operating Costs Owning Costs
● Guide for Ownership Period
GUIDE FOR SELECTING OWNERSHIP PERIOD BASED ON

APPLICATION AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C
Moderate Average Severe
TRACK-TYPE Pulling scrapers, most agricultural Production dozing in clays, sands, Heavy rock ripping. Pushloading
TRACTORS drawbar, stockpile, coalpile. No impact. gravels. Pushloading scrapers, bor- and dozing in hard rock.Work on rock
Intermittent full throttle operation. row pit ripping, most landclearing surfaces. Continuous high impact
applications. Medium impact condi- conditions.
tions. Production landfill work.
D3C-D5C 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr NA

D5M-D6M 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr NA
D6R-D7R 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
D8R 25,000 Hr 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr
D9R 35,000 Hr 25,000 Hr 20,000 Hr
D10R/D11R 50,000 Hr 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr
AGRICULTURAL Pulling combines, grain wagons and Pulling field cultivators, moldboard Pulling layer scrapers, used in con-
grain carts. plows, chisel plows, discing, primary struction applications, ripping, dozing.
TRACTORS and finishing tillage.
CHALLENGER 35, 45 & 55 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr N/A

CHALLENGER 65E-95E 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
‘SR’ TRACTORS 14,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
MOTOR GRADERS Light road maintenance. Finishing. Haul road maintenance. Road con- Maintenance of hard packed roads
Plant and road mix work. Light struction, ditching. Loose fill spreading. with embedded rock. Heavy fill
snowplowing. Large amounts of Landforming, landleveling. Summer spreading. Ripping-scarifying of
traveling. road maintenance with medium to asphalt or concrete. Continuous
heavy winter snow removal. Elevat- high load factor. High impact.
ing grader use.
120H Thru 16H 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr

24H 40,000 Hr 35,000 Hr 30,000 Hr
EXCAVATORS Utility construction, low density mate- Continuous digging in sandy clay/ Continuous digging in rock/natural
rial, rehandling and scrap handling sandy gravel, site development and bed clay, high impact, using ham-
applications. lumber yard applications. mer, working in forests or quarries.
M312-M320, 307B 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr 6,000 Hr

311B-318B L 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
EXCAVATORS Shallow depth utility construction Mass excavation or trenching where Continuous trenching or truck load-
where excavator sets pipe and digs machine digs all the time in natural ing in rock or shot rock soils. Large
only 3 or 4 hours/shift. Free flowing, bed clay soils. Some traveling and amount of travel over rough ground.
low density material and little or no steady, full throttle operation. Most Machine continuously working on
impact. Most scrap handling arrange- log loading applications. rock floor with constant high load
ments. factor and high impact.
320B, 322B 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
325B, 330B 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
345B, 365B, 375 20,000 Hr 18,000 Hr 15,000 Hr
5000 SERIES Continuous loading in loose banks Continuous loading in well-shot rock Continuous loading in poorly-shot
EXCAVATORS or stockpile. Good underfoot condi- or fairly tight bank. Good underfoot rock, virgin or lightly-blasted tight
tions. (Might be considered similar conditions; dry floor, little impact or banks. Adverse underfoot condi-
to “normal” wheel loader conditions.) sliding on undercarriage. tions: rough floors; high impact slid-
ing on undercarriage.
5080 20,000 Hr 18,000 Hr 15,000 Hr

5110B 30,000 Hr 25,000 Hr 30,000 Hr
5130B & 5230 50,000 Hr 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr
22-6

FELLER Continuous felling and stacking in Continuous cycling in good under- Continuous cycling in steep terrain
BUNCHERS good underfoot conditions. Flat foot conditions. Rolling terrain, some over stumps and fallen trees. Most
ground uniform trees below 305 mm trees up to 508 mm (20 inches) or trees 508 mm (20 inches) or larger
(12 inches). some hardwoods. hardwoods.
22
18,000 Hr 15,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
BACKHOE Light duty utility applications in light Utility applications in medium to Production applications or digging
to medium soil. Trenching depths heavy soil. Occasional use of con- in rock. Regular use of constant flow
LOADERS less 1.83 m (6 ft.) stant flow implements. Dig depths to implements. Dig depths over 3.05 m
3.05 m (10 ft.) (10 ft.)
12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 5,000 Hr
FOREST Intermittent skidding for short dis- Continuous turning, steady skidding Continuous turning, steady skidding
PRODUCTS tances, no decking. Good underfoot for medium distances with moder- for long distances with frequent
conditions: level terrain, dry floor, ate decking. Good underfooting: dry decking. Poor underfoot conditions:
few if any stumps. floor with few stumps and gradual wet floor, steep slopes and numer-
rolling terrain. ous stumps.
Harvesters * * *
Forwarders * * *
Wheel Skidders 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr 7,200 Hr
Track Skidders 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
Forestry Machine * * *
Knuckleboom Loaders * * *
PIPELAYERS Little or no use in mud, water or on Typical pipelayer use in operating Continuous use in deep mud or water
rock. Use on level, regular surfaces. conditions ranging from very good or on rock surfaces.
to severe.
561M-572R 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
583R-589 25,000 Hr 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr
WHEEL TRACTOR- Level or favorable hauls on good Varying loading and haul road con- High impact condition, such as load-
haul roads. No impact. Easy-load- ditions. Long and short hauls. ing ripped rock. Overloading. Contin-
SCRAPERS ing materials. Adverse and favorable grades. uous high total resistance conditions.
Some impact. Typical road-building Rough haul roads.
use on a variety of jobs.
613C Series II, 611,
615C Series II 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
621G-627G, 631E-657E 22,000 Hr 17,000 Hr 12,000 Hr
CONSTRUCTION & Continuous operation at an average Continuous operation at an average Continuous operation at or above
gross weight less than recom- gross weight approaching recom- maximum recommended gross
MINING TRUCKS & mended. Excellent haul roads. No mended. Minimal overloading, good weight. Overloading, poor haul
TRACTORS overloading, low load factor. (See haul roads, moderate load factor. roads, high load factor. (See Hourly
Hourly Fuel Consumption section (See Hourly Fuel Consumption sec- Fuel Consumption section for
for definition). tion for definition). definition).
Note — Continual loading beyond
recommended maximum gross
weight will further reduce Zone C
hours.
769D-777D 50,000 Hr 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr
784C-797 60,000 Hr 50,000 Hr 40,000 Hr
*Insufficient data.
22-7
Owning & Operating Costs Owning Costs

ARTICULATED Earthmoving and stockpile use with Varying load and haul road condi- Continuous use on very poorly main-
TRUCKS well matched loading equipment. tions. High rolling resistance and tained haul roads, high rolling resis-
Short to medium hauls on well- poor traction during part of the job. tance and poor traction. Frequent
maintained level haul roads. Free Some adverse grades. Some impact adverse grades and high impact
flowing material. Few impact loads. loads. Typical use in road-building, loads. Poorly-matched loading equip-
dam construction, open-pit mining, ment with continuous over-loading.
etc.
15,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr

WHEEL Light utility work. Stockpile work. Production dozing, pushloading in Production dozing in rock. Push-
Pulling compactors. Dozing loose clays, sands, silts, loose gravels. loading in rocky, bouldery borrow
TRACTORS & fill. No impact. Shovel clean-up. pits. High impact conditions. Land-
COMPACTORS fill compactor work.
15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
WHEEL LOADERS Intermittent truck loading from stock- Continuous truck loading from stock- Loading shot rock (large loaders).
pile, hopper charging on firm, smooth pile. Low to medium density materi- Handling high density materials with
surfaces. Free flowing, low density als in properly sized bucket. Hopper counterweighted machine. Steady
materials. Utility work in governmen- charging in low to medium rolling loading from very tight banks. Contin-
tal and industrial applications. Light resistance. Loading from bank in good uous work on rough or very soft sur-
snowplowing. Load and carry on good digging. Load and carry on poor surfaces. Load and carry in hard digging;
surface for short distances with no faces and slight adverse grades. travel longer distances on poor sur-
grades. faces with adverse grades.
902-908 * * *
914G-972G 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
980G-992G 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr
994D 60,000 Hr 50,000 Hr 40,000 Hr
TRACK Site clearing of small vegitation, Bank excavation, intermittent rip- Loading shot rock, cobbles, glacial
stripping top soil, carrying to stock- ping, basement digging of natural till, caliche. Steel mill work. High
LOADERS pile. Intermittent truck loading from bed clays, sands, silts, gravels. density materials in standard bucket.
stockpile. Free flowing, low density Some traveling. Steady full throttle Continuous work on rock surfaces.
materials with standard bucket. No operation. Large amount of ripping of tight, rocky
impact. Backfilling and grading. materials. High impact conditions.
933C-939C 8,000 Hr 6,000 Hr Not Recommended

953C 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr 6,000 Hr
963C-973C 12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr
INTEGRATED Intermittent truck loading from stock- Continuous truck loading from stock- Loading shot rock (large loaders).
pile, hopper charging on firm, smooth pile. Low to medium density materi- Handling high density materials with
TOOLCARRIERS surfaces. Free flowing, low density als in properly sized bucket. Hopper counterweighted machine. Steady
materials. Utility work in govern- charging in low to medium rolling loading from very tight banks. Contin-
mental and industrial applications. resistance. Loading from bank in uous work on rough or very soft sur-
Light snow-plowing. Load and carry good digging. Load and carry on poor faces. Load and carry in hard digging;
on good surface for short distances surfaces and slight adverse grades. travel longer distances on poor sur-
with no grades. faces with adverse grades.
12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr

*Insufficient data.
22-8

UNDERGROUND Continuous operation at <80% of max- Intermittent operation at maximum Continuous operation at maximum
ARTICULATED imum recommended gross weight. recommended gross weight. recommended gross weight.
Short to medium haul distances: Medium to longer haul distances: Long haul distances:
TRUCKS 300–1000 meters 1000–5000 meters >5000 meters
(990–3300 feet) (3300–16,000 ft) (>16,000 feet) 22
Well-maintained, level haul roads. Varying haul road conditions and/or Poor haul road conditions and/or
Very few tray impacts. grades. steep grades.
Low load factor. Occasional tray impacts. Frequent tray impacts.
Medium load factor. High load factor.
AD40, AE40 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr 15,000 Hr

UNDERGROUND Dig and carry operation from stock Intermittent development/production Continuous production loading of
piles to ground level transfer station. loading into trucks/transfer station. trucks at or near maximum load height.
LOAD HAUL Low density, free flowing ore and Good digging with well shot, low to Difficult digging.
DUMP UNITS waste. medium density ore and waste. Loading haul trucks.
Excellent draw point floor surfaces. Average draw point floor surfaces. Rough draw point surfaces.
Short haul distances: Medium haul distances: Long haul distances:
25–100 meters 100–200 meters 200–300 meters
(80–330 feet) (330–660 feet) (650–990 feet)
Level roads with good surface con- Poor road surfaces with slightly ad- Poor haul roads with adverse grades.
ditions. verse grades. High load factor.
Low load factor. Medium load factor.
R1300, R1600, R1700,
R2900 25,000 Hr 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr
UNDERGROUND Continuous operation at <80% of max- Intermittent operation at maximum Continuous operation at maximum
imum recommended gross weight. recommended gross weight. recommended gross weight.
RIGID TRUCKS Short to medium haul distances: Medium to longer haul distances: Long haul distances:
300–1000 meters 1000–5000 meters >5000 meters
(990–3300 feet) (3300–16,000 ft) (>16,000 feet)
Well-maintained, level haul roads. Varying haul road conditions and/or Poor haul road conditions and/or
Very few tray impacts. grades. steep grades.
Low load factor. Occasional tray impacts. Frequent tray impacts.
69D Dumper, Medium load factor. High load factor.
69D Ejector,
73D Dumper 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr 20,000 Hr
22-9
Owning & Operating Costs Agricultural Tractors Depreciation
1 Delivered Price
2 Residual Value at Replacement
AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR DEPRECIATION Again, assuming an 18-year life, the sum of the
AND REPAIR COSTS digits would be 171. But the digit assigned the first
year would be 1, the second year 2, etc.
Unlike construction tractors which often are depre-
ciated over 10,000 hours, the expected useful life of NOTE: The digital method applied to depreciation
a Caterpillar steel tracked tractor in agriculture can yields an eventual 100% of the purchase
range up to and beyond 20,000 hours (about eighteen price. The American Society of Agricultural
years). The Challenger Tractor Line expected life is Engineers recommends repair costs for
about 10,000 hours. crawler tractors be figured at 78% and wheel
The tractor’s decline in value is always a signifi- tractors at 120% of purchase price.
cant portion of the machinery cost in farming. The
actual market value of any tractor is determined by
many variables ... machine age and condition, rate 1 DELIVERED PRICE
of change in size and farm operations in the area, (Line Item 1a, b and c)
popularity of given makes of tractors in the commu-
nity, etc. Delivered price should include all costs of putting
Whatever the variables, the decline in value is a machine on the user’s job including transporta-
greater the first year than the second, greater the tion and any applicable sales taxes.
second year than the third, etc. The shorter the On rubber tired machines, tires are considered a
machine’s work life, the higher the percentage of its wear item and covered as an operating expense.
value lost in a year. Accordingly, some users may wish to deduct tire
Although the percentage of loss each year depends costs from the delivered price particularly for larger
on the life of the machine, it’s a general rule that machines.
40 to 50% of the value will be lost in the first quar-
ter of the machine’s life. By the halfway point of life-
time, from 70 to 75% of value will be lost. 2 RESIDUAL VALUE AT REPLACEMENT
The sum of digits is a common, easily used method
(Line Item 2 and Subsection 2A)
for predicting the farm tractor’s depreciation value.
Assume a machine’s total life is 18 years. Assign Any piece of earthmoving machinery will have
each of those years a value, beginning with 18 for some residual value at trade-in. While many owners
the first year, 17 for the second, 16 for the third, etc. prefer to depreciate their equipment to zero value,
The sum of all 18 digits is 171 which when divided others recognize the residual resale or trade-in value.
into the initial new machine value, will give a spe- This is at the estimator’s option, but as in the dis-
cific monetary figure. The first year, 18 units of value cussion of depreciation, today’s higher equipment
are written off, 17 the second year, etc. costs almost dictate that resale value be considered
The resale value loss for the first four-year’s of in determining the net depreciable investment. And
machine life progresses as follows: if machines are traded early for tax incentive pur-
End Largest Loss of Loss of poses, resale value becomes even more significant.
of Remaining Value Value Remaining For many owners, potential resale or trade-in value
Year Digit In Year To Date Value is a key factor in their purchasing decisions, since
1 18 18/171 or 10.5% 10.5% 89.5% this is a means of reducing the investment they must
2 17 17/171 or 9.9% (10.5 + 9.9) 20.4% 79.6% recover through depreciation charges. The high
3 16 16/171 or 9.3% (20.4 + 9.3) 29.7% 70.3%
resale value of Caterpillar built machines can reduce
4 15 15/171 or 8.7% (29.7 + 8.7) 38.4% 61.6%
hourly depreciation charges, lower total hourly own-
Repairs — The reverse of the sum of digits for- ing costs and improve the owner’s competitive position.
mula can be used to predict repair costs for agricul-
tural tractors.
22-10
3 Value to be Recovered Through Work Owning & Operating Costs
4 Interest
5 Insurance
6 Taxes
When resale or trade-in value is used in estimat- If the machine will be used for N years (where N
ing hourly owning and operating costs, local condi- is the number of years of use), calculate the aver-
tions must be considered, as used equipment values age annual investment during the use period and
vary widely around the world. However, in any given apply the interest rate and expected annual usage:
used equipment business, factors which have great-
est influence on resale or trade-in value are the num-
ber of hours on the machine at the time of sale or
[ N+1
______
2N ]
Simple Interest
3 Delivered Price 3 % rate
_______________________________________________
22
trade, the type of jobs and operating conditions in hours/year

which it worked, and the physical condition of the
machine. Your local Cat Dealer is your best source for
determining current used equipment values. 5-6 INSURANCE AND TAXES
Subsection 2A can be used to calculate the esti-
mated residual value. If recent auction prices for (Line Items 5 and 6)
used machines are used as a guide, then the value Insurance cost and property taxes can be calcu-
(or percentage) should be adjusted downward to lated in one of two ways. If the specific annual cost
remove the effect of inflation. Governmental indices is known this figure should be multiplied by the
on construction equipment costs or Dealer price estimated usage (hours/years) and used. However,
records can be used to calculate the amount of infla- when the specific interest and tax costs for each
tion for the appropriate useful life. Another way to machine are not known, the following formulas can
estimate residual value is comparing the current be applied:
used machine value to the current new machine
price provided major product changes haven’t Insurance
_____________
occurred. N = No. Years
3
VALUE TO BE RECOVERED
THROUGH WORK
[ N+1
______
2N ]
3 Delivered Price 3 Insurance rate %
_______________________________________________
hours/year
(Line Item 3a and b)
The delivered price less the estimated residual
Property Tax
______________
value results in the value to be recovered through
work, divided by the total usage hours, gives the N = No. Years
hourly cost to protect the asset’s value.
[ N+1
______
2N ]
3 Delivered Price 3 Tax rate %
________________________________________________
4 INTEREST hours/year
(Line Item 4)
Many owners charge interest as part of hourly
owning and operating costs, others consider it as
general overhead in their overall operation. When
charged to specific machines, interest is usually
based on the owner’s average annual investment in
the unit.
Interest is considered to be the cost of using cap-
ital. The interest on capital used to purchase a
machine must be considered, whether the machine
is purchased outright or financed.
22-11
Owning & Operating Costs 8 Fuel Consumption
To estimate hourly fuel cost, select the load factor

8-13 ESTIMATING OPERATING COSTS based on application and find hourly consumption.
(Line Items 8 through 13) Then:
Hourly consumption 3 Local Unit Price of Fuel =
Hourly Fuel Cost
8 FUEL CONSUMPTION When using these tables, keep in mind the many
(Line Item 8) variables which can affect fuel consumption. Two
operators of different temperament or attitude oper-
Fuel consumption can be closely measured in the ating identical machines side by side in the same
field. However, if no opportunity exists to do this, material can have as much as 10-12% difference in
consumption can be predicted when the machine their consumption rates. However, the ranges shown
application is known. should be applicable across a wide spectrum of con-
Application determines engine load factor which ditions. Your Caterpillar dealer representative can
in turn controls engine fuel consumption. An engine help select the most reasonable estimate for your
continuously producing full rated horsepower is oper- specific situation; we suggest you call on him.
ating at a load factor of 1.0. Earthmoving machines Keep in mind also that a fuel consumption study
may reach a 1.0 load factor intermittently, but sel- measured over a short period of operation will give
dom operate at this level for extended periods of higher fuel consumption than shown here because:
time. Periods spent at idle, dozer and pusher travel (1) the study will be at 100% efficiency, without
in reverse, haul units traveling empty, close maneu- breaks or idle time, and (2) the operators will know
vering at part throttle and operating downhill are they’re “under the gun” to produce and look good.
examples of conditions which reduce load factor. On the other hand, these tables allow for “normal”
The following tables provide hourly fuel consump- inefficiencies in the working cycle and will more
tion estimates at various load factors for Caterpillar closely relate to “normal” day to day operation.
built machines. Since machine uses vary, applica-
tion guides are also provided to aid in estimating
load factor.
22-12
8 Hourly Fuel Consumption Tables Owning & Operating Costs
● Track-Type Tractors
● Agricultural Tractors
FUEL CONSUMPTION TABLES & LOAD FACTOR GUIDES

TRACK-TYPE TRACTORS
Model Low Medium High
liter U.S. gal liter U.S. gal liter U.S. gal
D3C & LGP Series III 4-71⁄2 1-2 71⁄2-11 2-3 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 22
D4C & LGP Series III 51⁄2-91⁄2 11⁄2-21⁄2 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 11-15 3-4
D5C & LGP Series III 51⁄2-91⁄2 11⁄2-21⁄2 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2
D4E 51⁄2-91⁄2 11⁄2-21⁄2 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 11-15 3-4
D5M XL & LGP 6-101⁄2 11⁄2-3 101⁄2-141⁄2 3-4 121⁄2-17 31⁄2-41⁄2
D5B 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 11-17 3-41⁄2 15-21 4-51⁄2
D6M XL & LGP 11-15 3-4 121⁄2-191⁄2 31⁄2-5 17-24 41⁄2-61⁄2
D6G 11-201⁄2 31⁄2-5 151⁄2-21 4-6 23-281⁄2 6-71⁄2
D6R XL, XR & LGP 13-221⁄2 31⁄2-6 171⁄2-25 41⁄2-61⁄2 25-301⁄2 61⁄2-81⁄2
D7G Series II* 19-25 5-61⁄2 26-34 7-9 32-40 81⁄2-101⁄2
D7R XR & LGP 19-23 5-6 25-28 61⁄2-71⁄2 32-36 81⁄2-10
D8R & LGP 23-28 6-71⁄2 28-38 71⁄2-10 38-51 10-131⁄2
D9R 36-47 91⁄2-121⁄2 47-58 121⁄2-151⁄2 60-76 16-20
D10R 44-59 111⁄2-151⁄2 59-76 151⁄2-20 76-93 20-241⁄2
D11R 62-87 161⁄2-23 87-112 23-291⁄2 112-134 291⁄2-351⁄2
*D7G fuel consumption data is based on a precombustion chamber equipped engine. Fuel consumption for a direct injection equipped D7G should be approximately 10% less.
AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS
D4E SR 51⁄2-91⁄2 11⁄2-21⁄2 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 11-15 3-4
D6G SR 11-19 3-5 15-21 4-51⁄2 21-26 51⁄2-7
Challenger 35 91⁄2-21 21⁄2-51⁄2 21-32 51⁄2-81⁄2 32-42 81⁄2-11
Challenger 45 91⁄2-23 21⁄2-6 23-38 6-10 38-45 10-12
Challenger 55 11-26 3-7 26-42 7-11 42-53 11-14
Challenger 65E 23-30 6-8 26-38 7-10 38-57 10-15
Challenger 75E 26-34 7-9 34-45 9-12 45-64 12-17
Challenger 85E 26-38 7-10 38-53 10-14 53-68 14-18
Challenger 95E 26-42 7-11 42-57 11-15 57-76 15-20
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Steady ripping, shuttle pushloading and downhill dozing. Agricultural drawbar work at full throttle,
engine lugged to max. power most of the time. Little or no idling or travel in reverse.
Medium: Production dozing, pulling scrapers, most pushloading. Agricultural drawbar work at full throttle but
not always lugging engine. Some idling and some travel with no load.
Low: Considerable idling or travel with no load.
22-13
Owning & Operating Costs 8 Hourly Fuel Consumption Tables
● Motor Graders
● Excavators & Feller Bunchers
MOTOR GRADERS
120H* 9-13 2.4-3.4 13-17 3.4-4.5 17-21 4.5-5.5
135H* 10-14 2.6-3.7 14-18 3.7-4.8 18-22 4.8-5.9
12H 11-16 2.9-4.2 16-21 4.2-5.5 21-26 5.5-6.7
140H* 12-17 3.1-4.4 17-22 4.4-5.7 22-26 5.7-7.0
143H** 12-17 3.2-4.6 17-22 4.6-5.9 22-28 5.9-7.3
160H* 14-20 3.7-5.3 20-26 5.3-6.8 26-32 6.8-8.4
163H** 14-21 3.8-5.4 20-27 5.4-7.0 27-33 7.0-8.6
14H 15-22 4.0-5.8 22-28 5.8-7.5 28-35 7.5-9.2
16H 19-27 5.0-7.1 27-35 7.1-9.2 35-43 9.2-11.3
24H 32-46 8.6-12.2 46-60 12.2-15.8 60-74 15.8-19.4
**Multiply consumption by 1.10 when equipped with Variable Horsepower or Engine Power Management.
**Multiply consumption by 1.15 when operating in All Wheel Drive.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Ditching, fill spreading, spreading base material, ripping, heavy road maintenance, snow plowing.
Medium: Average road maintenance, road mix work, scarifying, snow plowing.
Low: Finish grading, light maintenance, road travel.
EXCAVATORS
301.5 * * * * * *
302.5 * * * * * *
3
307B/307B SB 3-5 ⁄4-11⁄4 5-8 11⁄4-2 7-10 13⁄4-21⁄2
311B 4-6 1-11⁄2 6-9 11⁄2-21⁄4 9-12 21⁄4-31⁄2
312B/312B L 4-6 1-11⁄2 6-9 11⁄2-21⁄2 10-13 21⁄4-31⁄2
313B CR * * * * * *
315B 5-9 11⁄4-21⁄4 9-13 21⁄4-31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4
317B L 6-10 11⁄2-21⁄2 10-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 14-17 33⁄4-41⁄2
318B L 8-12 2-31⁄2 12-14 31⁄2-33⁄4 15-19 4-5
M312 5-9 11⁄4-21⁄4 9-12 21⁄4-31⁄2 12-15 31⁄2-4
M315 6-10 13⁄4-21⁄2 10-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 13-16 31⁄2-41⁄2
M318 8-12 2-31⁄2 12-16 31⁄2-4 17-19 41⁄2-5
M320 9-13 2-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-20 41⁄2-51⁄2
320C 9-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-19 4-5
322B 11-15 3-4 16-18 41⁄4-43⁄4 18-23 43⁄4-61⁄4
325B 13-16 31⁄2-41⁄4 18-21 43⁄4-51⁄2 25-27 63⁄4-71⁄4
330B 18-24 43⁄4-61⁄2 24-30 61⁄2-8 34-38 9-10
345B 25-30 51⁄2-8 35-40 91⁄4-101⁄2 45-50 113⁄4-131⁄4
365B 34-38 9-10 45-51 12-131⁄2 61-67 16-173⁄4
375 40-44 101⁄2-113⁄4 53-59 14-153⁄4 71-77 183⁄4-201⁄2
5110B 69-74 18-19 84-89 22-24 103-108 27-28
5130B 91-95 24-25 110-114 29-30 129-132 34-35
5230 163-193 43-51 193-204 51-54 208-227 55-60
*Insufficient data.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Most pipeline applications in hard rocky material. Digging 90-95% of the daily work schedule.
Medium: Most residential sewer applications in natural bed clay. Digging 60-85% of the daily work sched-
ule. Most log loading applications.
Low: Most utility, urban applications in sandy loam. Digging less than 50% of the daily work schedule.
Scrap handling applications.
22-14
● Front Shovels ● Pipelayers
● Wheel Tractor-Scrapers
FRONT SHOVELS
5080 36-42 10-11 46-53 12-14 62-74 18-20
5130B 91-95 24-25 110-114 29-30 129-132 34-35 22
5230 163-193 43-51 193-204 51-54 208-227 55-60
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Steady cycling in hard to dig material.
Medium: Steady cycling with frequent periods at idle.
Low: Light easy work. Considerable idling.
PIPELAYERS
561M 4-71⁄2 1-2 71⁄2-11 2-3 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2
572R 71⁄2-11 2-3 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-21 41⁄2-51⁄2
583R 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 161⁄2-20 41⁄2-51⁄2 221⁄2-26 61⁄2-71⁄2
589 17-21 41⁄2-51⁄2 26-30 7-8 34-40 9-101⁄2
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

Pipelayer load factor depends largely on amount of time spent at idle speed.
WHEEL TRACTOR-SCRAPERS
613C Series II 15-19 4-5 21-25 51⁄2-61⁄2 271⁄2-34 71⁄4-9
611 23-26 6-7 30-36 8-91⁄2 42-471⁄2 11-121⁄2
615C Series II 23-26 6-7 30-36 8-91⁄2 42-471⁄2 11-121⁄2
621G 27-32 7-81⁄2 38-44 10-111⁄2 49-57 13-15
623G 30-36 8-91⁄2 40-46 101⁄2-12 53-59 14-151⁄2
627G 451⁄2-51 12-131⁄2 64-70 17-181⁄2 85-891⁄2 221⁄2-231⁄2
631E Series II 40-45 101⁄2-12 53-59 14-151⁄2 72-78 19-201⁄2
637E Series II 64-70 17-181⁄2 87-93 23-241⁄2 1131⁄2-121 30-32
651E 47-57 121⁄2-15 66-76 171⁄2-20 87-95 23-25
657E 87-98 23-26 116-1251⁄2 301⁄2-33 153-163 401⁄2-43
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Continuous high total resistance conditions with steady cycling.
Medium: Typical road building use.
Low: Average use but with considerable idling, favorable grades, low rolling resistance and easy loading
material.
22-15
● Backhoe Loaders ● Skidders
BACKHOE LOADERS
416C (NA) 4.5-6.4 1.2-1.7 6.4-8.3 1.7-2.2 8.3-10.2 2.2-2.7
428C (NA) 4.5-6.4 1.2-1.7 6.4-8.3 1.7-2.2 8.3-10.2 2.2-2.7
416C (T) 5.3-7.2 1.4-1.9 7.2-9.1 1.9-2.4 9.1-11.4 2.4-3.0
428C (T) 5.3-7.2 1.4-1.9 7.2-9.1 1.9-2.4 9.1-11.4 2.4-3.0
426C 5.3-7.2 1.4-1.9 7.2-9.1 1.9-2.4 9.1-11.4 2.4-3.0
436C 6.1-8.3 1.6-2.2 8.3-10.2 2.2-2.7 10.2-12.5 2.7-3.3
438C 6.1-8.3 1.6-2.2 8.3-10.2 2.2-2.7 10.2-12.5 2.7-3.3
446B 7.6-9.8 2.0-2.6 9.8-12.1 2.6-3.2 12.1-14.4 3.2-3.8
NA = Naturally Aspirated
T = Turbocharged
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Production work with long cycles and/or constant flow implements.
Medium: General work with regular cycles in medium applications.
Low: Utility work with intermittent cycles in light to medium applications.
FOREST PRODUCTS
525B 10-14 23⁄4-33⁄4 14-18 33⁄4-43⁄4 18-25 43⁄4-61⁄2
535B * * * * * *
545 * * * * * *
517 7-13 11⁄2-31⁄2 13-18 31⁄2-5 15-21 4-51⁄2
527 14-19 33⁄4-5 19-24 5-61⁄4 24-32 61⁄4-81⁄2
550 * * * * * *
570 * * * * * *
580 * * * * * *
554 * * * * * *
574 * * * * * *
320C FM * * * * * *
539 * * * * * *
*Insufficient data.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE — 525

High: Skidding loads over 6800 kg (15,000 lb) in steep terrain (over 10%) with high skidding resistance.
Medium: Skidding loads up to 6800 kg (15,000 lb) in moderate terrain (5-10%) with average skidding resistance.
Low: Skidding loads less than 4500 kg (10,000 lb) in flat terrain (0-5%) with low skidding resistance.
Medium: Skidding loads up to 4536 kg (10,000 lb) in moderate terrain (8-30%) with medium skidding resistance.
Medium: Skidding loads up to 6360 kg (14,000 lb) in moderate terrain (8-30%) with medium skidding resistance.
22-16
● Construction & Mining Trucks/Tractors
● Articulated Dump Trucks ● Telehandlers
CONSTRUCTION & MINING TRUCKS & TRACTORS

769D 20.8-30.3 51⁄2-8 30.3-40 8-101⁄2 40-68 101⁄2-14
771D 22.7-32.2 6-81⁄2 32.2-41.6 81⁄2-11 41.6-55 11-141⁄2 22
773D 24.5-36 61⁄2-91⁄2 36-53 91⁄2-14 53-68 14-18
775D 30.3-41.6 8-11 41.6-56.8 11-15 56.8-73.8 15-191⁄2
776D 53.0-73.8 14-191⁄2 73.8-96.5 191⁄2-251⁄2 96.5-117.3 251⁄2-31
777D 36.0-53.0 91⁄2-14 53.0-73.8 14-191⁄2 73.8-96.5 191⁄2-251⁄2
784C/785C 53.0-79.5 14-21 79.5-109.8 21-29 100.8-145.7 29-381⁄2
789C 68.1-102.2 18-27 102.2-141.9 27-371⁄2 141.9-185.5 371⁄2-49
793C 86-129 23-34 129-172 34-451⁄2 172-215 451⁄2-57
797 121-183 32-48 183-244 48-641⁄2 244-304 641⁄2-80
NOTE: Load factors above 50% may be experienced in many applications.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

Low: 20%-30% Medium: 30%-40% High: 40%-50%
ARTICULATED TRUCKS
D25D 13.1-18.3 3.5-4.8 18.3-25.7 4.8-6.8 25.7-37.1 6.8-9.8
D30D 14.7-20.4 3.9-5.4 20.4-28.7 5.4-7.6 28.7-41.5 7.6-11.0
725 10.6-14.8 2.8-3.9 14.8-20.8 3.9-5.5 20.8-30.1 5.5-8.0
730 11.7-16.3 3.1-4.3 16.3-23.0 4.3-6.1 23.0-33.2 6.1-8.8
D350E Series II 14.4-20.0 3.8-5.3 20.0-28.1 5.3-7.4 28.1-40.6 7.4-10.7
D400E Series II 15.8-22.0 4.2-5.8 22.0-31.0 5.8-8.2 31.0-44.7 8.2-11.8
D400E Series II Ejector 16.3-22.7 4.3-6.0 22.7-31.9 6.0-8.4 31.9-46.0 8.4-12.2
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Long haul time with frequent adverse grades. Continuous use on very poorly maintained haul roads
with high rolling resistance.
Medium: Normal load and haul time. Varying load and haul road conditions. Some adverse grades. Some
high rolling resistance.
Low: Large amount of idling. Short to medium hauls on well maintained level haul roads. Minimum total
resistance.
TELEHANDLERS
Model Intermittent Continuous
liter U.S. gal liter U.S. gal
TH62 5.0-7.0 1.3-1.8 8.0-13.0 2.0-3.3
TH63 5.0-7.0 1.3-1.8 8.0-13.0 2.0-3.3
TH82 5.0-7.0 1.3-1.8 8.0-13.0 2.0-3.3
TH83 5.0-7.0 1.3-1.8 8.0-13.0 2.0-3.3
TH103 6.0-9.0 1.5-2.0 9.0-13.0 2.2-3.3
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

Continuous: Continuous loading/cycling applications.
Intermittent: Average loading/cycle applications with periods at idle.
22-17
● Wheel Tractors & Compactors

● Compaction Equipment
WHEEL TRACTORS & COMPACTORS

814F 21-25 51⁄2-61⁄2 26-30 7-8 36-40 91⁄2-101⁄2
815F 26-30 7-8 36-42 91⁄2-11 44-47 111⁄2-121⁄2
816F 26-30 7-8 36-42 91⁄2-11 44-47 111⁄2-121⁄2
824G 28-32 71⁄2-81⁄2 38-44 10-111⁄2 51-57 131⁄2-15
825G 36-42 91⁄2-11 51-57 131⁄2-15 60-66 16-171⁄2
826G 36-42 91⁄2-11 51-57 131⁄2-15 60-66 16-171⁄2
834G 40-45 101⁄2-12 53-59 14-151⁄2 72-78 19-201⁄2
836G 28-34 71⁄2-9 38-42 10-11 45-53 12-14
844 41-49 11-13 53-61 14-16 64-72 17-19
854G 53-61 14-16 68-76 18-20 83-91 22-24
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Heavy dozing, compacting heavy material. Heavy landfill work.
Medium: Production dozing, most pushloading, shovel cleanup, normal compaction.
Low: Considerable idling or travel with no load.
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
CS-323C 8-11 2-3 11-13 3-31⁄2 11-15 3-4
CS-431C 8-11 2-3 11-13 3-31⁄2 11-15 3-4
CS-433C 11 3 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4
CS-531D * * * * * *
CS-533D * * * * * *
CS-563D 13 31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-21 4-51⁄2
CS-573 13 31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-21 4-51⁄2
CS-583D 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5 19-23 5-6
CP-323C 9-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-19 4-5
CP-433C 13 31⁄2 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5
CP-533D 15 4 17-19 41⁄2-5 19-25 5-61⁄2
CP-563D 15 4 17-19 41⁄2-5 21-25 51⁄2-61⁄2
1
CB-214D 2-3 ⁄2-1 21⁄2-31⁄2 1
⁄2-1 3-4 3
⁄4-11⁄2
1 1
CB-224D 2-4 ⁄2-1 3-4 ⁄2-1 31⁄2-41⁄2 3
⁄4-11⁄2
1
CB-225D 2-3 ⁄2-1 21⁄2-31⁄2 1
⁄2-1 3-4 3
⁄4-11⁄2
CB-334D 3.8-5.7 1-1.5 5.7-7 1.5-1.8 7-10 1.8-2.6
CB-335D 3.5-5.5 0.9-1.4 5.5-6.5 1.4-1.7 6.5-9 1.7-2.4
CB-434C 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5
CB-534C 13 31⁄2 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-23 41⁄2-6
CB-535B 13 31⁄2 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-23 41⁄2-6
CB-544 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5
CB-545 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5
CB-634C 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-19 4-5 19-21 5-51⁄2
PF-300B 13 31⁄2 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-23 41⁄2-6
PS-300B 13 31⁄2 15-17 4-41⁄2 17-23 41⁄2-6
PS-500 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-19 4-5 19-21 5-51⁄2
*Insufficient data.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Vibration 80-100%, heavy cohesive soil, 305 mm (12") lifts or more.
Medium: Vibration 50-80%, granular soil, 100 mm-305 mm (4"-12") lifts.
Low: Vibration 30-50%, asphalt mix, 51 mm-100 mm (2"-4") lifts.
22-18
8Hourly Fuel Consumption Tables Owning & Operating Costs
● Asphalt Pavers
● Wheel Loaders & Integrated Toolcarriers
ASPHALT PAVERS
BG-210B 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-15 31⁄2-4 15-19 4-5
AP-800C 11-15 3-4 15-19 4-5 17-19 41⁄2-5 22
AP-900B 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-21 41⁄2-51⁄2 19-25 5-61⁄2
AP-1000B 18-20 43⁄4-51⁄4 22-24 53⁄4-61⁄4 25-27 61⁄2-71⁄4
AP-650B 11-15 3-4 15-19 4-5 19-21 5-51⁄2
AP-1050B 19-21 5-51⁄2 23-25 6-61⁄2 26-28 63⁄4-71⁄2
AP-1055B 19-21 5-51⁄2 23-25 6-61⁄2 26-28 63⁄4-71⁄2
BG-650 11-13 3-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5
BG-730 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 17-19 41⁄2-5 19-25 5-61⁄2
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Wide width, deep lift paving.
Medium: 3-4 m (10'-12') width, 50-75 mm (2"-3") lift.
Low: Narrow width paving — low production.
WHEEL LOADERS & INTEGRATED TOOLCARRIERS

902 * * * * * *
906 * * * * * *
908 * * * * * *
914G, IT14G 5-61⁄2 1-2 8-101⁄2 2-23⁄4 111⁄2-13 3-31⁄2
924G 51⁄2-71⁄2 11⁄2-2 91⁄2-12 21⁄2-3 13-15 31⁄2-4
928G, IT28G 71⁄2-11 2-3 11-15 3-4 15-19 4-5
938G, IT38G 9-121⁄2 2-3 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 18-22 43⁄4-53⁄4
950G 11-15 3-4 17-21 41⁄2-51⁄2 23-28 6-71⁄2
962G, IT62G 12-16 3-4 18-22 5-6 24-29 61⁄2-8
966G 17-21 41⁄2-51⁄2 23-28 6-71⁄2 32-38 81⁄2-10
972G 19-23 5-6 25-30 61⁄2-8 35-41 9-11
980G 23-26 6-7 30-36 8-91⁄2 42-47 11-121⁄2
988G 30-38 8-10 40-45 101⁄2-12 57-62 15-161⁄2
990 Series II 45-53 12-14 601⁄2-68 16-18 791⁄2-87 21-23
992G 58-66 15-17 83-91 22-24 116-125 30-33
994D 102-1091⁄2 27-29 129-144 34-38 163-178 43-47
*Insufficient data.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

Note: The above table lists general fuel rates (i.e. fuel burned per hour) based on the following load factors.
Machine utilization and job efficiency should be used in conjunction with these load factors to prop-
erly evaluate fuel consumption. However, fuel efficiency (i.e. tons of material moved per unit of fuel
burned) is the best indicator of the impact of fuel consumption on owning and operating costs.
High: Continuous and aggressive tight truck loading, hard bank excavation, and shot rock loading from
a face.
Medium: Maximum productivity in aggregate truck loading and hopper charging. Assumes the normal tramming
and load & carry associated with the high productivity stockpile load-out and batch plant applications.
Low: Light utility, construction, low production aggregate truck loading, and most logging applications
where there is considerable idling, empty travel, and load & carry.
22-19
● Track Loaders
● Underground Mining
TRACK LOADERS
933C 31⁄2-71⁄2 1-2 71⁄2-11 2-3 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2
939C 51⁄2-91⁄2 11⁄2-21⁄2 91⁄2-13 21⁄2-31⁄2 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2
953C 10-15 21⁄2-4 15-20 4-5 20-25 5-7
963C 13-17 31⁄2-41⁄2 19-23 5-6 23-28 6-71⁄2
973C 19-23 5-6 28-34 71⁄2-9 36-42 91⁄2-11
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Continuous excavating and loading from bank. Land clearing.
Medium: Bank or stockpile loading with idling periods. Load and carry.
Low: Large amounts of idling in any application.
ARTICULATED TRUCKS
AE40 Series II 18.9-34 5-9 34-52.9 9-14 52.9-68.1 14-18
AD45 * * * * * *
AD55 * * * * * *
*Insufficient data.
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Continuous operation at the recommended maximum gross weight over long haulage distances,
with adverse grades and poorly maintained roads.
Medium: Normal operation with average gross weight less than the recommended maximum gross weight
on good haul roads with some adverse grades.
Low: Short to medium haulage distances with less than the recommended maximum gross weight on
well maintained level haul roads. Considerable amount of idle time.
22-20
● Underground Mining
LOAD HAUL DUMP UNITS (LHDs)

R1300 11.3-15.1 3-4 15.1-18.9 4-5 18.9-30.2 5-8
R1600 15.1-22.7 4-6 22.7-28.3 6-7.5 28.3-39.7 7.5-10.5 22
R1700G 22.7-26.4 6-7 26.4-34 6-9 34-45.4 9-12
R2900 30.2-37.8 8-10 37.8-45.4 10-12 45.4-56.7 12-15
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

High: Continuous loading cycle. Continuous loading of poorly broken ore from draw points. Long haulage
distances. Adverse grades. Little or no idle time.
Medium: Steady loading cycle. Medium haulage distances. Well maintained roads. Adverse grades. Frequent
periods of idling.
Low: Intermittent load cycle. Loading well broken, low density ore and waste. Short haulage distances.
Long periods of idle time.
RIGID FRAME TRUCKS

69D Dump 20.8-30.3 5.5-8 30.3-40 8-10.5 40-68 10.5-14
69D Ejector 20.8-30.3 5.5-8 30.3-40 8-10.5 40-68 10.5-14
73D Dump 22.7-32.2 6-8.5 36-53 9.5-14 53-68 14-18
LOAD FACTOR GUIDE
}
High: 40%-50%
Medium: 30%-40% Refer to ECM Load Factor
Low: 20%-30%
22-21
Owning & Operating Costs 9 Lube Oils, Filters, Grease
● Lubricants
See the page following these tables for instruc-

9 LUBE OILS, FILTERS, GREASE tions on how to estimate local hourly filter costs.
(Line Item 9 and Subsection 9A) NOTE: These figures are based upon machines
Hourly costs of lube oils and grease can be approx- operating in ideal conditions without loss of
imately estimated by taking consumptions from the lubricants. They were computed by dividing
table below and applying local prices. recommended change intervals (in hours)
into tank capacity. Make-up quantities are
not included in these computations.
APPROXIMATE HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF LUBRICANTS

(When operating in heavy dust, deep mud or water, increase the quantities by 25%.)
Hydraulic Lubricant Grease
Model Crankcase Transmission Final Drives Control Changes* Fittings**
U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Track-Type Tractors liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
D3C/D4C Series III 0.045 0.012 0.011 0.003 0.009 0.002 0.015 0.004 16 320
D5C Series III 0.045 0.012 0.011 0.003 0.012 0.003 0.015 0.004 16 320
D4E 0.076 0.020 0.039 0.010 0.018 0.005 0.011 0.003 11 864
D5M 0.076 0.020 0.120 0.032 0.006 0.002 0.018 0.005 12 336
D5B 0.108 0.029 0.076 0.020 0.022 0.006 0.024 0.006 9 916
D6M 0.104 0.027 0.120 0.032 0.007 0.002 0.015 0.004 11 152
D6G 0.108 0.029 0.095 0.025 0.038 0.010 0.025 0.006 12 132
D6R 0.110 0.029 0.148 0.039 0.014 0.004 0.040 0.011 13 32
D7G 0.110 0.029 0.070 0.019 0.034 0.009 0.046 0.012 14 560
D7R 0.110 0.029 0.178 0.047 0.013 0.003 0.030 0.007 10 20
D8R 0.130 0.034 0.144 0.038 0.014 0.004 0.036 0.010 .313.7 580
D9R 0.182 0.048 0.164 0.043 0.015 0.004 0.039 0.010 .313.3 580
D10R 0.272 0.072 0.189 0.050 0.023 0.006 0.054 0.014 .313.3 628
D11R 0.424 0.112 0.344 0.091 0.030 0.008 0.106 0.028 .313.3 816
Agricultural Tractors
D4E SR 0.038 0.010 0.039 0.010 0.018 0.005 0.011 0.003 11 864
D6G SR 0.109 0.029 0.045 0.012 0.038 0.010 0.024 0.006 13 428
Challenger 35 0.130 0.034 0.121 0.032 *** *** *** *** 10 160
Challenger 45 0.130 0.034 0.121 0.032 *** *** *** *** 10 160
Challenger 55 0.130 0.034 0.121 0.032 *** *** *** *** 10 160
Challenger 65E 0.104 0.027 0.055 0.015 0.197 0.052 0.110 0.029 14 12
Challenger 75E 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.197 0.052 0.120 0.032 14 12
Challenger 85E 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.197 0.052 0.120 0.032 14 12
Challenger 95E 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.197 0.052 0.120 0.032 14 12
Motor Graders
120H 0.092 0.024 0.047 0.012 0.049 0.013 0.019 0.005 12 876
135H 0.092 0.024 0.047 0.012 0.061 0.016 0.019 0.005 12 876
12H 0.108 0.029 0.047 0.012 0.065 0.017 0.019 0.005 12 876
140H 0.108 0.029 0.047 0.012 0.065 0.017 0.019 0.005 12 876
143H 0.108 0.029 0.047 0.012 0.065 0.017 0.019 0.005 12 876
160H 0.108 0.029 0.047 0.012 0.080 0.021 0.019 0.005 12 876
163H 0.108 0.029 0.047 0.012 0.080 0.021 0.019 0.005 12 876
14H 0.108 0.029 0.083 0.022 0.098 0.026 0.032 0.015 12 916
16H 0.136 0.036 0.140 0.037 0.121 0.032 0.032 0.015 12 916
24H 0.272 0.072 0.224 0.060 0.330 0.087 0.127 0.034 20 2056
***Total number of lubricant changes (crankcase, transmission, final drives and hydraulic) over a 2000 hour period. Total may vary depending upon the sulfur content of
your diesel fuel. Always consult your machine’s Lube and Maintenance Guide.
***Total number of grease fittings you can expect to service over a 2000 hour period. Total can vary depending upon how your machine is equipped.
***Common sump with transmission.
22-22
9 Lube Oils, Filters, Grease Owning & Operating Costs
● Lubricants

Model Crankcase Transmission† Final Drives†† Control Changes* Fittings**
Excavators & U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Front Shovels liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
301.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 22
302.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA
307B 0.032 0.008 — — 0.003 0.001 0.047 0.012 15 969
307B SB 0.032 0.008 — — 0.003 0.001 0.047 0.012 15 1067
311B 0.059 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.079 0.021 15 863
312B 0.059 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.081 0.021 15 863
312B L 0.060 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.094 0.025 15 863
312B/312B L (France) 0.017 0.004 — — 0.005 0.001 0.076 0.020 11 863
313B CR 0.077 0.020 — — 0.005 0.001 0.095 0.025 15 863
315B 0.059 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.094 0.025 15 912
315B L (France) 0.034 0.009 — — 0.006 0.001 0.094 0.025 14 912
317B L/317B LN 0.059 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.094 0.025 15 912
318B L/318B LN 0.059 0.016 — — 0.005 0.001 0.094 0.025 15 912
M312 0.034 0.009 0.03 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.058 0.015 17 1088
M315 0.034 0.009 0.03 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.058 0.015 17 1088
M318 0.080 0.021 0.03 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.067 0.018 17 1088
M320 0.080 0.021 0.03 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.067 0.018 17 1088
320C 0.060 0.016 — — 0.020 0.005 0.100 0.026 10 368
322B 0.086 0.023 — — 0.020 0.005 0.133 0.035 14 910
325B 0.080 0.021 — — 0.016 0.004 0.155 0.041 14 910
330B 0.120 0.032 — — 0.030 0.007 0.200 0.053 14 926
345B Series II 0.120 0.032 — — 0.026 0.007 0.265 0.070 14 926
365B 0.120 0.032 — — 0.030 0.007 0.335 0.089 14 924
375 0.260 0.069 — — 0.050 0.013 0.498 0.132 14 1991
5080 FS 0.260 0.069 — — 0.050 0.013 0.498 0.132 11 1492
5110B ME 0.244 0.064 — — 0.056 00.0146 0.540 0.143 14 Auto Lube*
5130B FS 0.250 0.066 0.077 0.020 0.392 0.103 0.600 0.159 20 Auto Lube*
5130B ME 0.250 0.066 0.077 0.020 0.392 0.103 0.600 0.159 20 2800 +
Auto Lube*
5230 FS 0.864 0.228 0.090 0.024 0.499 0.131 0.830 0.169 22 Auto Lube*
5230 ME 0.864 0.228 0.090 0.024 0.499 0.131 0.830 0.169 22 2800 +
Auto Lube*
***The number shown here refers to the total number of grease fittings you can expect to service over a 2000 hour period. Total can vary depending upon how your machine
is equipped.
††Includes hydraulic pump drive (Excavators).
††Includes travel drives and swing drive (Excavators).
NOTE: ME includes manual hose reel for bucket pin lube.
AUTO LUBE* APPROXIMATE HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF GREASE

Grease Auto Lube Number Grease
Kg/hr lb/hr Canister Interval Of Canister
Model Grease Grease Refills* (minutes) Injectors Size (lb)
5110B ME 0.14 0.33 6 10 21 120
5130B FS 0.34 0.75 13 10 48 120
5130B ME 0.27 0.60 10 10 36 120
5230 FS 0.47 1.04 5 10 48 400
5230 ME 0.33 0.73 4 10 38 400
*Total number of times you can expect to refill the auto lube grease canister in a 2000 hour period.
NOTE: These figures are based on auto lube system as set from the factory.
22-23
● Lubricants

Backhoe U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Loaders liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
416C 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.018 0.005 0.015 0.004 11 8012
426C 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.018 0.005 0.015 0.004 11 8012
428C 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.018 0.005 0.015 0.004 11 8012
436C 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.018 0.005 0.015 0.004 11 8012
438C 0.017 0.004 0.010 0.002 0.018 0.005 0.015 0.004 11 8012
446B 0.027 0.006 0.026 0.005 0.029 0.008 0.022 0.006 11 8092
Forest Products
525B 0.076 0.020 0.053 0.014 0.045 0.012 0.034 0.009 13 2436
535B *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
545 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
517 0.034 0.009 0.117 0.031 0.014 0.003 0.023 0.006 12 2336
527 0.044 0.011 0.132 0.034 0.014 0.003 0.034 0.009 11 2152
550 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
570 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
580 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
554 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
574 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
320C FM *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
539 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
Pipelayers
561M 0.102 0.027 0.106 0.028 0.006 0.002 0.030 0.008 16 3400
572R 0.132 0.035 0.117 0.031 0.038 0.010 0.072 0.019 13 3632
583R 0.132 0.035 0.155 0.041 0.011 0.003 0.083 0.022 14 2268
589 0.171 0.045 0.167 0.044 0.023 0.006 0.114 0.030 16 2464
Wheel-Tractor
Scrapers
613C Series II 0.104 0.027 0.035 0.009 0.015 0.004 0.049 0.013 12 5808
611 0.108 0.028 0.036 0.009 0.031 0.008 0.080 0.021 12 5168
615C Series II 0.104 0.027 0.035 0.009 0.015 0.004 0.049 0.013 12 9404
621G 0.108 0.028 0.140 0.036 0.080 0.021 0.066 0.017 12 1224
623G 0.108 0.028 0.140 0.036 0.080 0.021 0.066 0.017 12 1884
627G 0.216 0.056 0.212 0.055 0.104 0.027 0.095 0.025 23 1224
631E Series II 0.180 0.047 0.127 0.033 0.093 0.024 0.095 0.025 12 1368
637E Series II 0.288 0.075 0.176 0.046 0.124 0.032 0.095 0.025 23 1368
651E 0.272 0.071 0.138 0.036 0.098 0.025 0.095 0.025 12 1368
657E 0.452 0.118 0.259 0.067 0.211 0.055 0.095 0.025 23 1368
***Insufficient data.
NOTE: Lubricant changes shown for the tandem powered 627G, 637E Series II and 657E include both tractor and scraper engines.
22-24
● Lubricants

Model Crankcase Transmission Final Drives† Control†† Changes* Fittings**
Construction/Mining U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.

Trucks/Tractors liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
22
769D 0.182 0.048 0.083 0.022 0.083 0.022 0.276 0.073 20 552
771D 0.182 0.048 0.083 0.022 0.083 0.022 0.276 0.073 20 552
773D 0.273 0.072 0.083 0.022 0.155 0.041 0.276 0.073 20 552
775D 0.273 0.072 0.083 0.022 0.155 0.041 0.276 0.073 20 552
776D 0.500 0.132 0.083 0.022 0.326 0.086 0.302 0.080 20 1056
777D 0.500 0.132 0.083 0.022 0.326 0.086 0.302 0.080 20 632
784C 0.531 0.140 0.076 0.020 0.292 0.077 0.337 0.101 .716.7 Auto Lube*
785C 0.531 0.140 0.076 0.020 0.292 0.077 0.337 0.101 .716.7 Auto Lube*
789C 0.796 0.210 0.076 0.020 0.375 0.099 0.531 0.157 .716.7 Auto Lube*
793C 0.584 0.154 0.076 0.020 0.445 0.118 0.580 0.170 .712.7 Auto Lube*
797 0.910 0.240 0.629 0.166 0.587 0.155 0.921 0.243 .714.3 Auto Lube*
††Includes differential.
††Includes brakes, converter hoist system and steering system.
AUTO LUBE* APPROXIMATE HOURLY CONSUMPTION OF GREASE

Grease Auto Lube Number Grease
Kg/hr lb/hr Canister Interval Of Canister
Model Grease Grease Refills* (minutes) Injectors Size (lb)
784C/785C 0.022 0.010 1 60 27 60
789C 0.022 0.010 1 60 27 60
793C 0.023 0.011 1 60 29 60
797 0.045 0.020 2 60 18 60
*Total number of times you can expect to refill the auto lube grease canister in a 2000 hour period.
NOTE: These figures are based on auto lube system as set from the factory.

Underground U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.

Articulated Trucks liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
AE40 Series II 0.182 0.048 0.085 0.022 0.095 0.025 0.584 0.154 18 5200
AD45 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
AD55 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
L.H.D.s
R1300 0.100 0.026 0.045 0.012 0.080 0.021 0.044 0.011 13 3888
R1600 0.112 0.029 0.036 0.009 0.140 0.037 0.061 0.016 13 4288
R1700G 0.112 0.029 0.036 0.036 0.142 0.037 0.132 0.035 13 4288
R2900 0.152 0.010 0.062 0.165 0.246 0.680 0.130 0.345 13 4296
Underground
Rigid Trucks
69D – Dumper 0.182 0.048 0.083 0.022 0.083 0.022 0.276 0.073 20 552
69D – Ejector 0.182 0.048 0.083 0.022 0.083 0.022 0.276 0.073 20 552
73D – Dumper 0.273 0.072 0.083 0.022 0.155 0.041 0.276 0.073 20 552
***Total number of lubricant changes (crankcase, transmission, final drives and hydraulic) over a 2000 hour period.
***Total number of grease fittings you can expect to service over a 2000 hour period.
***Insufficient data.
22-25
● Lubricants

Model Crankcase Transmission Final Drives† Control Changes* Fittings**
U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S.
Articulated Trucks liter gal liter gal liter gal liter gal
D25D 0.136 0.036 0.038 0.010 0.068 0.018 0.100 0.026 15 2488
D30D 0.136 0.036 0.038 0.010 0.068 0.018 0.100 0.026 15 3688
725 0.062 0.016 0.036 0.010 0.065 0.017 0.038 0.010 19 4600
730 0.062 0.016 0.036 0.010 0.065 0.017 0.038 0.010 19 4600
D350E Series II 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.227 0.060 0.125 0.033 17 2816
D400E Series II 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.236 0.062 0.125 0.033 17 2816
D400E Series II Ejector 0.136 0.036 0.055 0.015 0.236 0.062 0.163 0.043 17 4016
Wheel Tractors &
Compactors
814F 0.112 0.029 0.059 0.015 0.033 0.008 0.043 0.011 12 190
815F 0.112 0.029 0.059 0.015 0.033 0.008 0.043 0.011 12 190
816F 0.112 0.029 0.059 0.015 0.033 0.008 0.043 0.011 12 190
824G 0.136 0.036 0.062 0.016 0.045 0.011 0.044 0.011 12 136
825G 0.136 0.036 0.062 0.016 0.045 0.011 0.044 0.011 12 136
826G 0.136 0.036 0.062 0.016 0.045 0.011 0.044 0.011 12 136
834G 0.120 0.032 0.083 0.022 0.073 0.019 0.071 0.019 8 182
836G 0.120 0.032 0.083 0.022 0.073 0.019 0.071 0.019 8 146
844 0.288 0.075 0.070 0.018 0.218 0.057 0.152 0.040 15 266
854G 0.408 0.108 0.169 0.045 0.353 0.093 0.243 0.054 15 76
Wheel Loaders &
Integrated Toolcarriers
902 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
906 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
908 *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
914G 0.014 0.004 0.069 0.018 0.013 0.004 — — 7 600
IT14G 0.014 0.004 0.069 0.018 0.013 0.004 — — 7 600
924F 0.040 0.010 0.023 0.006 0.020 0.006 0.026 0.007 12 404
IT24F 0.040 0.010 0.023 0.006 0.020 0.006 0.026 0.007 12 584
928G 0.080 0.021 0.034 0.009 0.026 0.007 0.035 0.009 12 444
IT28G 0.080 0.021 0.034 0.009 0.026 0.007 0.035 0.009 12 784
938G 0.080 0.021 0.030 0.008 0.026 0.007 0.045 0.012 13 464
IT38G 0.080 0.021 0.030 0.008 0.026 0.007 0.045 0.012 13 464
950G 0.120 0.032 0.034 0.009 0.036 0.010 0.076 0.020 13 444
962G, IT62G 0.120 0.032 0.034 0.009 0.036 0.010 0.076 0.020 13 444
966G 0.112 0.030 0.050 0.013 0.064 0.017 0.104 0.027 13 464
972G 0.112 0.030 0.050 0.013 0.064 0.017 0.104 0.027 13 464
980G 0.112 0.030 0.062 0.016 0.084 0.022 0.104 0.027 13 774
988G 0.240 0.064 0.070 0.018 0.146 0.039 0.134 0.035 13 2526
990 Series II 0.288 0.075 0.070 0.018 0.218 0.057 0.152 0.040 15 266
992G 0.408 0.108 0.169 0.045 0.353 0.093 0.243 0.054 15 76
994D 0.800 0.208 0.291 0.076 0.621 0.164 0.450 0.119 17 3694
Telehandlers
TH62 0.016 0.004 0.030 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.095 0.025 14 1760
TH63 0.016 0.004 0.030 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.095 0.025 14 2000
TH82 0.016 0.004 0.030 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.095 0.025 14 1760
TH83 0.016 0.004 0.030 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.095 0.025 14 2000
TH103 0.016 0.004 0.030 0.008 0.008 0.002 0.095 0.025 14 2000
Track Loaders
933C 0.048 0.012 0.014 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.026 0.007 14 720
939C 0.049 0.013 0.015 0.004 0.008 0.002 0.026 0.007 16 720
953C 0.084 0.022 0.054 0.014 0.015 0.004 **** **** 9 732
963C 0.084 0.022 0.072 0.018 0.015 0.004 **** **** 9 332
973C 0.110 0.029 0.019 0.005 0.029 0.008 0.030 0.008 11 400
****Total number of lubricant changes (crankcase, transmission, final drives and hydraulic) over a 2000 hour period (500 for 834G & 836G). Total may vary depending upon
the sulfur content of your diesel fuel. Always consult your machine’s Lube and Maintenance Guide.
****The number shown here refers to the total number of grease fittings you can expect to service over a 2000 hour period. Total can vary depending upon how your
machine is equipped.
****Insufficient data.
****Included with hydrostatic drive.
*††Includes differential (Wheel Loaders, Integrated Toolcarriers and Articulated Trucks).
22-26
● Filters
GUIDE FOR ESTIMATING LOCAL HOURLY Approx. Approx.

COST OF FILTERS Hourly Hourly
Filter Filter
The approximate hourly filter costs were deter- Model Cost Filters§ Model Cost Filters§
mined by using the following formula:
Backhoe Loaders Telehandlers
416C 0.16 16 TH62 0.29 22
Change #Filters/ Total 426C 0.16 16 TH63 0.29 22 22
Filters Interval* #Filters Cost** 2000 hr. Cost 428C 0.16 16 TH82 0.29 22
Engine 250 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 436C 0.16 16 TH83 0.29 22
Transmission 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 438C 0.16 16 TH103 0.29 22
Hydraulic 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 446B 0.17 16 Articulated Trucks
Fuel — primary 2000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Forest Products D25D 0.19 32
Fuel — final 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 525B 0.21 30 D30D 0.19 32
Air — primary 2000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 535B * ** 725 0.37 26
Air — secondary 1000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ 545 * ** 730 0.37 26
Total 517 0.09 24 D350E Series II 0.50 44
Filter 527 0.10 24 D400E Series II 0.57 44
Cost/2000 hr. = $_____ 550 * ** Wheel Tractors
570 * ** & Compactors
Total Cost $_____ ÷ 2000 hr. = $_____ Hourly Filter Cost. 580 * ** 814F 0.13 28
**Recommended change interval may vary with machine and sulfur content of
554 * ** 815F, 816F 0.14 28
diesel fuel. Always consult Lube & Maintenance Guide. 574 * ** 824G, 825G
**Cost of filter is suggested consumer list price. For the small excavators and the 320C FM * ** 826G 0.18 28
613C, we assumed an average of $6.50 per filter. 539 * ** 834G 0.26 36
Pipelayers 844 0.11 40
561M 0.25 35 854G 0.13 29
NOTE: The approximate hourly filter costs do not 572R 0.20 27 836G 0.11 32
include labor. To determine your labor cost 583R 0.31 33 Wheel Loaders
you can apply your hourly labor rate to 589 0.39 43 & Integrated Toolcarriers
5 minutes per each filter change. For exam- 5000 Series 902 * *
ple, if your labor rate is $50.00 per hour 5110B * ** 906 * *
5130B 0.89 88 908 * *
then your labor cost for one filter change 5230 1.49 140 914G 0.27 23
would be $4.17. Wheel Tractor-Scrapers IT14G 0.27 23
613C Series II 0.14 28 924F 0.15 24
611 0.14 28 IT24F 0.15 24
615C Series II 0.17 28 928G 0.24 26
621G 0.22 28 IT28G 0.24 26
623G 0.18 24 938G 0.22 25
Approx. Approx.
627G 0.29 40 IT38G 0.22 25
Hourly Hourly
631E Series II 0.32 40 950G 0.28 25
Filter Filter
637E Series II 0.46 56 962G, IT62G 0.28 25
Model Cost Filters§ Model Cost Filters§
651E 0.33 40 966G 0.26 25
Track-Type Tractors Agricultural Tractors 657E 0.53 57 972G 0.26 25
D3C Series III 0.08 23 D4E SR 0.09 23 980G 0.39 37
Construction & Mining
D4C Series III 0.08 23 D6G SR 0.12 27 988G 0.44 28
Trucks & Tractors
D5C Series III 0.08 23 Challenger 35 0.31 37 990 Series II 0.43 56
769D, 771D 0.31 43
D4E 0.09 23 Challenger 45 0.31 37 992G 0.70 47
773D, 775D 0.32 47
D5M 0.25 35 Challenger 55 0.31 37 994D 1.31 94
776D, 777D 0.42 50
D5B 0.11 26 Challenger 65E 0.63 36 Track Loaders
784C 0.61 80
D6M 0.27 35 Challenger 75E 0.63 36 933C 0.08 28
785C 0.61 80
D6G 0.09 24 Challenger 85E 0.72 36 939C 0.08 30
789C 0.76 88
D6R 0.13 24 Challenger 95E 0.72 36 953C 0.29 34
793C 0.72 72
D7G 0.10 24 Motor Graders 963C 0.31 36
797 2.09 123
D7R 0.08 24 120H 0.16 26 973C 0.31 36
D8R 0.35 33 135H 0.16 26 ** Insufficient data.
D9R 0.47 51 12H 0.12 22 §Total number of filters changed over a 2000 hour period. Includes engine crank-
D10R 0.52 47 140H 0.12 22 case, transmission, hydraulic, fuel (primary and final) and air (primary and sec-
D11R 0.62 53 143H 0.19 26 ondary). Some models include coolant conditioner and cab air filters.Telehandlers
do not include air filters.
160H 0.12 22
163H 0.19 26
14H 0.12 22
16H 0.16 22
24H 0.67 58
22-27
● Filters
GUIDE FOR ESTIMATING LOCAL HOURLY UNDERGROUND MINING

COST OF FILTERS Total Number of Filters Changed Over 2000 Hr.
The approximate hourly filter costs were deter-
A II
mined by using the following formula:
00
00
00
00
45
55
0
E4
13
16
17
29
D
Model
D
69
73
R
A
Change #Filters/ Total Filter
Filters Interval* #Filters Cost** 2000 hr. Cost
Engine 250 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Engine
Transmission 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Fuel 8 8 8 8 8 ** ** 8 16
Hydraulic 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Oil 8 8 8 8 16 ** ** 16 16
Fuel — primary 2000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Air Cleaner 12 12 12 12 12 ** ** 24 24
Fuel — final 500 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Water Separator 2 8 8 8 2 ** ** 2 2
Air — primary 2000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Hydraulic 8 8 16 16 — ** ** — —
Air — secondary 1000 hr. _____ $_____ _____ $_____ Brake — — 4 — 4 ** ** 4 4
Total Transmission 4 4 4 4 4 ** ** 4 4
Filter Coolant — — 4 — — ** ** 8 —
Cost/2000 hr. = $_____ Pilot — — — 4 4 ** ** — —
Torque Converter — — — — 4 ** ** 4 4
Total Cost $_____ ÷ 2000 hr. = $_____ Hourly Filter Cost. Steering — — — — 4 ** ** 4 4
**Recommended change interval may vary with machine and sulfur content of Total Number
diesel fuel. Always consult Lube & Maintenance Guide. Change 40 48 64 60 58 ** ** 74 74
**Cost of filter is suggested consumer list price.
Model Filters§ Model Filters§

NOTE: The approximate hourly filter costs do not 301.5 ** M318 20
include labor. To determine your labor cost 302.5 ** M320 20
you can apply your hourly labor rate to 5 min- 307B/307B SB 26 320C 23
311B 29 322B 35
utes per each filter change. For example, if 312B (3064) 29 325B 35
your labor rate is $50.00 per hour then your 312B (3054) 27 330B 27
313B CR 26 345B Series II 27
labor cost for one filter change would be $4.17. 315B 29 365B 30
315B L (3054) 30 375 48
317B 32 5080 46
318B L* 32 5110B 70
M312 14 5130B 88
M315 16 5230 140
*France sourced. **Insufficient data.
§Total number of filters changed over a 2000 hour period. Includes engine
crankcase, transmission, hydraulic, fuel (primary and final) and air (primary and
secondary).
EXCAVATORS
Total Number of Filters Changed Over 2000 Hr.
SB
II
4)
)
46
5B ries
4)
4)
7B 305
1B B
31 30
31 306
31 305
31 07
Se
C
L
/3
0
7B
2B
2B
3B
5B
5B
8B
0C
2B
5B
0B
5B
80
31
31
32
Model
30
31
31
31
31
31
32
32
32
33
34
36
37
50
M
Filter
Engine
Fuel 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8
Oil 9 9 9 5 9 9 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Air Cleaner 1 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 0
Water Separator — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8 8 — — — — —
Hydraulic
Return 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 15 15
Drain — 5 5 5 — 5 5 5 5 — — — — 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10
By-Pass — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Pilot 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Screen 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — — — — 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 —
Total Number
Change 26 29 29 27 26 29 30 32 32 14 16 20 20 23 35 35 27 27 30 48 46
22-28
10a Tires Owning & Operating Costs
MOTOR GRADERS
10a TIRES
(Line Item 10a)
ESTIMATED TIRE LIFE — HOURS

Tire costs are an important part of the hourly cost 22
of any wheel machine. The best estimate of this item
is obtained when tire life figures based on experience
are used with prices the machine owner actually
pays for the replacement tires.
For cases in which tire experience is not available,
use the following tire life estimator curves.
Tire Life Estimators
● Curves do not allow for additional life from recap-
ping. They assume new tires run to destruction,
but this is not necessarily recommended.
● Based on standard machine tires. Optional tires
APPLICATION ZONES
will shift these curves either up or down.
● Sudden failure (blow out) due to exceeding Ton-MPH
(tkm/h) limitations is not considered. Nor are pre-
SKIDDERS
mature failures due to puncture.
● Application Zones:
Zone A: almost all tires actually wear through the

tread from abrasion.
Zone B: tires wear out normally but others fail
prematurely due to rock cuts, impacts and non-
repairable punctures.
Zone C: few, if any, tires wear through the tread
due to non-repairable damages, usually from rock
cuts, impacts and continuous overloading.
NOTE: Tire life can often be increased by using
extra tread and extra deep tread tires.
NOTE: Premature failure could occur at any time
due to puncture. APPLICATION ZONES
22-29
Owning & Operating Costs 10a Tires
SKID STEER LOADERS LOAD HAUL DUMP UNITS


55
0-
35
0
35
0-2
00
200
-10
0
A B C
APPLICATION ZONES APPLICATION ZONES
WHEEL TRACTOR-SCRAPERS CONSTRUCTION & MINING TRUCKS

Key:
Zone A — Almost all tires actually wear through the
tread due to abrasion.
Zone B — Some tires wear out normally while others
fail prematurely due to rock cuts, impacts
and non-repairable punctures.
Zone C — Few, if any, tires wear through the tread
because of non-repairable damages, usually
from rock cuts, impacts or continuous over-
loading.
22-30
10a Tires Owning & Operating Costs
UNDERGROUND TRUCKS TRACTORS/WAGONS

12 22
,00
0-8
00
0
80
00
-40
00
400
0-2
000
ARTICULATED TRUCKS WHEEL TRACTORS

WHEEL LOADERS
70
00 60
-5 00
50 -30
0 00
55 30
00 00
-3 -10
00 00
0
100
30 0-5
00 00
-50
0
APPLICATION ZONES
APPLICATION ZONES
Tires Cost Per Hour - Basic Factors
Key: Application Zone A Zone B Zone C
Zone A — Almost all tires actually wear through the Tire Life 8000-5000 5000-2500 2500-500
tread due to abrasion. Model
Zone B — Some tires wear out normally, others fail 990
992G
prematurely due to rock cuts, impacts, and 994D $20-$40 $30-$80 $60-$400
non-repairable punctures.
Zone C — Few, if any, tires wear through the tread
because of non-repairable damages, usually
from rock cuts, impacts, or continuous over-
loading.
22-31
Owning & Operating Costs 10a Tires
GOODYEAR LIFE ESTIMATING SYSTEM No. Condition Factor

As an additional assist in estimating hauling unit V Loads (See No. VIII note)
tire life, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. has furnished T&RA/ETRTO*
the following information which is included here Recommended Loading 1.090
with their permission. READ THE PREAMBLE 20% Overload 0.872
CAREFULLY. 40% Overload 0.545
“… at present, there is no completely accurate, VI Curves
fool-proof method of forecasting tire life. Tire engi- None 1.090
neers have many theoretical methods … but these Medium 0.981
generally are so involved and time consuming Severe 0.872
that they are impractical for field use.
VII Grades (Drive Tires Only)
“However, the tire industry has made many sur-
veys of tire performance and arrived at a system Level 1.090
which can give rough estimates of tire life. Studies 5% Max. 0.981
done by the major tire companies and by at least 15% Max. 0.763
two major equipment manufacturers are in close VIII Other Miscellaneous Combinations
agreement. (See note below)
“The table [which follows] shows how to apply this None 1.090
system …” Medium 0.981
Severe 0.872
ESTIMATED TIRE SERVICE LIFE
OF HAULING UNITS (Trucks & Scrapers) Condition VIII is to be used when overloading is
present in combination with one or more of the
No. Condition Factor primary conditions of maintenance, speeds, sur-
I Maintenance face conditions and curves. The combination of
severe levels in these conditions, together with an
Excellent 1.090
overload, will create a new and more serious con-
Average 0.981 dition which will contribute to early tire failure to
Poor 0.763 a larger extent than will the individual factors of
II Speeds (Maximum) each condition.
10 mph ; 16 km/h 1.090 *Tire and Rim Association/European Tire and Rim Technical Organization.
20 mph ; 32 km/h 0.872 Type of Tire Base Average Life

30 mph ; 48 km/h 0.763 Hours Miles km
III Surface Conditions
E-3 Std. Bias Tread 2510 25,100 40 400
Soft Earth — No Rock 1.090
E-4 Bias Xtra Tread 3510 35,100 56 500
Soft Earth — Some Rock 0.981 E-4 Radial Xtra Tread 4200 42,000 67 600
Well Maintained — Gravel Road 0.981
Using Base Hours (or Miles), multiply by the appro-
Poorly Maintained — Gravel Road 0.763
priate factor for each condition to obtain approximate
Blasted — Sharp Rock 0.654
estimated hours (or miles) as the final product.
IV Wheel Positions Example: An off-highway truck equipped with E-4
Trailing 1.090 drive tires running on a well maintained haul road
Front 0.981 having easy curves and minimum grades and receiv-
Driver (Rear Dump) 0.872 ing “average” tire maintenance attention but being
Driver (Bottom Dump) 0.763 20% overloaded:
Driver (Self Propelled Scraper) 0.654 Condition: I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Factor: 0.981 3 0.872 3 0.981 3 0.872 3 0.872 3 0.981 3 0.981 3 0.981
3 3510 base hours = 2114 hours (say 2100 hours)
22-32
Tires
10a Owning & Operating Costs
10b Undercarriage
As can be seen, this system requires the careful Three primary conditions affect probable life-
application of strictly subjective judgments, and can expectancy of track-type undercarriage:
be expected to result in conservative estimates. Keep 1. Impact. The most measurable effect of impact
in mind, however, that the system is offered only is structural — that is bending, chipping, cracking,
as an aid in estimating and not as a rigid set of spalling, roll-over, etc., and problems with hard-
rules. ware and pin and bushing retention. 22
On the other hand, if tire life on a given job is con-
sidered less than satisfactory, an analysis of these Impact ratings:
factors may point to conditions which can be High — Non-penetrable hard surfaces with
improved to the betterment of tire life. 150 mm (6") or higher bumps.
Replacement tire prices should always be obtained Moderate — Partially penetrable surfaces and
from local tire company sources. bumps of 75-150 mm (3-6") height.
Since tires are considered a wear item in this Low — Completely penetrable surfaces
method of estimating owning and operating costs, (which provide full shoe plate sup-
total tire replacement cost is deducted from machine port) with few bumps.
delivered price to arrive at a net figure for depreci- 2. Abrasiveness. The tendency of the underfoot
ation purposes. Outlay for tires is then included as materials to grind away the wear surfaces of
an item in operating costs: track components.
Replacement Cost of Tires Abrasiveness ratings:
Hourly Tire Cost = _____________________________ High — Saturated wet soils containing a
Estimating Tire Life in Hours
high proportion of hard, angular or
Recapping can sometimes lower hourly tire cost. sharp sand or rock particles.
Considerations are availability of molds, local recap- Moderate — Slightly or intermittently damp
ping costs, and experience with recap life. soils containing a low proportion of
hard, angular or sharp particles.
10b UNDERCARRIAGE Low — Dry soils or rock containing a low
proportion of hard, angular or
(Line Item 10b) sharp sand or rock chip particles.
Undercarriage expense can be a major portion of Impact and abrasiveness in combination can
the operating costs for track-type machines, and accelerate wear rates beyond their individual
these costs can vary independently of basic machine effects when considered alone, thus further
costs. That is, the undercarriage can be employed in reducing component life. This should be taken
an extremely abrasive, high-wear environment while into account in determining impact and abra-
the basic machine may be in an essentially easy siveness ratings or, if preferred, the combination
application, and vice-versa. For that reason, it is can be included in selecting the “Z” factor.
recommended that the hourly cost of undercarriage 3. “Z” factor. Represents the combined effect on com-
be calculated separately as a wear item rather than ponent life of the many intangible environmen-
being included in the repair reserve for the basic tal, operational and maintenance considerations
machine. Notice that the repair reserves (Line on a given job.
Item 11) DO NOT include provision for undercar- Environment and Terrain. Earth which may not
riage replacement. be abrasive itself can pack in sprocket teeth, caus-
ing interference and high stress as the teeth
engage the bushings. Corrosive chemicals in the
materials being moved or in the natural soil can
affect wear rates, while moisture and temperature
can exaggerate the effect. Temperature alone can
play its own role — hot slag and hard-frozen soils
being but the extremes. Constant sidehill work
can increase wear on the sides of components.
22-33
Owning & Operating Costs 10b Undercarriage
Operation. Some operator practices tend to Estimating Undercarriage Cost

increase track wear and cost if not controlled on The guide below gives a basic factor for the vari-
the job. Such practices include high-speed opera- ous track-type machines and a series of conditions
tion, particularly in reverse; tight turns or con- multipliers to modify the basic cost according to the
stant corrections in direction; and stalling the anticipated impact, abrasive and miscellaneous (“Z”)
tractor under load forcing the tracks to slip. conditions under which the unit will be operating.
Maintenance. Good maintenance — proper track
Step 1. Select machine and its corresponding basic
tension, daily cleaning when working in sticky
factor.
materials, etc. — combined with periodic wear
Step 2. Determine range for impact, abrasiveness
measurement and timely attention to recom-
and “Z” conditions.
mended services (CTS) can extend component life
Step 3. Add selected conditions multipliers and apply
and lower costs by minimizing the effects of these
sum to basic factor.
and other adverse conditions.
While impact and abrasion should not be too dif- The result will be the estimated hourly cost for
ficult to judge, selection of the proper “Z” factor will undercarriage in that application.
require careful analysis of job conditions such as
weather, tendency for soil packing, side-hill loading, Undercarriage Basic Factors
corrosive environment, etc.; operational factors such Model Basic Factor
as high-speed reverse, amount of travel, tight turns, 5230 19.0
track slippage under overload, etc.; and maintenance D11R 17.0
considerations such as proper tensioning, use of 5130B 15.0
Custom Track Service, etc. D10R 12.5
Selection of the “Z” multiplier is strictly a matter D9R 10.0
of judgement and common sense, but its effect on D8R 8.5
cost can be the difference between profit on a con- 973, 589, D7R LGP 9.0
trolled job and heavy loss where control is allowed D7R, 963C, 583R, D6R LGP, D7R XR 8.0
to slip. To assist in arriving at an appropriate value 375, 5080 6.4
for the “Z” factor, consider that proper maintenance D6R, 953C, 572R, D6M LGP, D6R XL, D6R XR 6.2
— or the lack thereof — will represent about 50% of 365B 6.1
its effect, environment and terrain 30%, and operator 345B Series II 5.3
practices 20%. For large excavators the amount of D5M LGP, D6 SR, D6M XL, 517, 527 5.0
travel is the critical part of the “Z” factor. A good 330B 4.4
operator working under good field conditions can be D3C (All), D4C (All), D5C (All), 933 (All), 939, 561M 3.7
counterbalanced by poor maintenance practices to 325B 3.4
yield a fairly high “Z” factor. On the other hand, 315B, 317B, 318B L, 322B 3.0
close attention to maintenance, tension and align- D4 SR, 320C 2.5
ment can more than offset a bad underfoot condition 307B, 311B, 312B 2.2
resulting in severe sprocket packing, and lead to
Conditions Multipliers
selection of a moderate to low “Z” factor. Obviously,
flexibility in selection of a “Z” factor has been built Impact Abrasiveness “Z”
into the system, and use of this flexibility is encour- High 0.3 0.4 1.0
aged. Further, a considerable measure of control can Moderate 0.2 0.2 0.5
be maintained over the “Z” factor, and any reduction Low 0.1 0.1 0.2
of its effects is money in the bank. Your Caterpillar
Dealer CTS man can be invaluable in this endeavor Example: D10R in high impact, non-abrasive mate-
as well as helping you establish a comprehensive rial with a moderate “Z” factor.
undercarriage cost control program. D10R Basic Factor = 12.5
Multipliers: I = 0.3
A = 0.1
Z = 0.5
Hourly undercarriage cost = 12.5 (0.3 + 0.1 + 0.5) =
$11.25/hour
22-34
10b Undercarriage Owning & Operating Costs
11 Repair Reserve
NOTE:1. Conditions Multipliers may be selected in Since repair costs are low initially and rise gradu-
any combination. Thus, a multiplier of 0.4 ally, averaging them produces extra funds at first
(all low-range multipliers) represents the which are reserved to cover future higher costs.
best of the best, while 1.7 (all high range Machine applications, operating conditions and
multipliers) would be the worst of the worst maintenance attention determine repair costs. In
conditions. any specific application, actual cost experience on 22
2. The hourly undercarriage cost estimate similar work provides the best basis for establishing
resulting from this method will be made the hourly repair reserve. When local records are
up of approximately 70% parts cost and inadequate or not available, the hourly repair reserve
30% labor charges. The cost of undercar- charts following this discussion may be used. Turn
riage components is based on published for a moment to these charts and examine their gen-
U.S. Consumers List Prices and may be eral format.
adjusted as needed for import duties, These average costs are taken from a variety of
exchange rates, etc. outside the United applications and every attempt was made to assure
States. Labor has been figured at $50.00 accuracy. Recognize that any one application may
(U.S.) per shop hour. vary considerably from these averages. They are
only marginally useful in predicting costs since
3. For further information and guidance, few jobs are ‘average’. The use of these averages
refer to the current issue of the Caterpillar would be especially questioned when special
Custom Track Service Handbook. attachments such as rippers are used, and when a
4. This formula for estimating undercar- machine is moving from job to job. For these rea-
riage cost should not be used for tractors sons, we suggest the use of these averages for
working in stockpile coal handling appli- comparative purposes and gross estimates only.
cations. Undercarriage costs are nominal Your Caterpillar dealer has the ability to make more
in stockpile coal handling, and using this accurate repair cost estimates and we suggest you
formula will result in estimating cost sub- use his experience and expertise if you need help
stantially above actual costs. in estimating operating costs.
Applying these basic factors and multipliers will
11 REPAIR RESERVE result in the average hourly cost over the entire
period. This should produce an excess in the early
(Line Item 11) hours (or a “sinking fund”) to cover normal increases
in actual repair costs as the machine ages.
Repairs are normally the largest single item in
The cost applies to the machine as described in each
operating costs and include all parts and direct labor
individual chart, but does not cover the following:
(except operator’s wages) chargeable to the machine.
● Dozer blade (although hydraulics are included)
Shop overhead can be absorbed in general overhead
● Bucket (although hydraulics are included)
or charged to machines as a percent of direct labor
● Ground engaging tools
cost, whichever is the owner’s normal practice.
● Undercarriage
Hourly repair costs for a single machine normally
● Tires, Chopper Blades or Tamping Feet
follow an upward stairstep pattern since major out-
Assemblies and Rims
lays for repairs usually come in spurts. However,
when broad averages are considered, the stairstep
becomes a smooth, upward curve. Since this hourly
repair cost curve starts low and gradually rises over
time, hourly operating costs must be adjusted upward
as the unit ages. Alternatively an average repair
cost can be used which provides a straight line graph.
Most owners prefer the average method, and it is
the one suggested here.
22-35
Owning & Operating Costs 11 Repair Reserve
● Labor for daily and periodic maintenance As stated, repair costs are affected by applica-
● Material/supply items for daily and periodic main- tion, operation, maintenance, and age of the equip-
tenance ment. The most significant effects on cost will be
● Fuel, oil and grease those factors affecting major component life. A
● Service truck mileage costs second significant factor is whether the repair is
● Serviceman’s travel costs performed before or after catastrophic failure.
● Machine transportation to and from shop Repair before a major component fails can be one-
● Cost of performing Technical Analysis or Sched- third of an after failure repair with only a moder-
uled Oil Sampling ate sacrifice in life (see graphs). Repairing a major
● Operator component just prior to failure achieves optimum
● Risk or insurance cost per hour. Oil analysis and other diagnostic
● Parts and labor price escalation tools, maintenance inspections and indicators, and
● Attachments operator notes are vital to determine the optimum
The basic repair factors are based on the first repair point and thereby achieving lower hourly
10,000 hours of service, parts at published U.S. Con- repair costs. Maintenance practices are significant
sumers List Prices, and labor at a total selling price because they affect component longevity and the
of $60.00 (U.S.) per hour. Extended use multipliers percentage of scheduled, before failure repairs.
are given for those cases where a machine is to be Another important factor in using repair reserve
used beyond 10,000 hours; the adjusted cost-per hour estimates is the Service Meter Unit (SMU) or hour
will apply to the entire use period, not just the addi- basis.The cost estimate should be flexed depend-
tional hours. For applications outside the United ing on the machine’s duty cycle. Fuel consump-
States where import duties and other expenses have tion is often a good indicator of duty cycle, and
a large effect on parts prices, and for other areas this factor may override the application zone. All of
where labor charges (remember to include shop and these factors are significant in estimating repair
tool overhead in addition to mechanic’s wages!) differ costs.Weigh them carefully prior to using the repair
greatly from the $60.00 base, an approximate break- reserve tables.
down of the total factor by percentages for parts and
labor also are given. This breakdown should permit
easy adjustment to local conditions.
AFTER
FAILURE
REPAIR COST $/HOUR
REPAIR COST $
BEFORE
FAILURE
OPTIMUM REPAIR POINT
COMPONENT LIFE (SMU) COMPONENT LIFE (SMU)
22-36
11 Repair Reserve Owning & Operating Costs
INSTRUCTIONS — To estimate hourly repair costs,

enter the chart for the machine in question and
determine the basic factor for the applicable job con-
ditions. Operating conditions zones for each bar are:
A B C 22
These generally conform to the definitions given

earlier in the section on depreciation. If the unit is to
be used more than 10,000 hours, apply the Extended-
life Multiplier for that period.
Example:
1 — A 988F Wheel Loader loading well-shot rock on
a hard, level quarry floor will be used for seven
years or about 15,000 hours.
Basic Repair Factor = 9.50
Extended-life Multiplier = 1.10
Estimated Repair Cost = 9.50 3 1.10 =
$10.45/Hour
2 — A D6R is used about 1600 hours per year on
general utility and clean-up work for a contrac-
tor who does not baby his equipment, but does
insist on careful operation, and has an excellent
preventive maintenance program. He intends to
trade at the end of five years. He can be consid-
ered to be at the lower end of the “normal” or
B zone, if not slightly less.
Basic Repair Factor = 5.00
Total Use: Repair Reserve charts follow …©
5 years @ 1600 hr/yr = 8000 hours
Extended-use Multiplier = 1.0
Estimated Repair Cost = 5.00 3 1.0 =
$5.00/Hour
22-37
TRACK-TYPE TRACTORS $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
D3C/D4C
D5C
D5M
D6M
D6R
Cost distribution D7R
D3 to D7 — 60% Parts D8R
40% Labor
*D9R
D8 to D11 — 70% Parts
D10R
30% Labor
*D11R
Extended-life Multipliers
0-10,000 hours 1.0 *Preliminary information.
0-15,000 1.1
0-20,000 1.3
Includes basic tractor equipped with ROPS canopy,
straight bulldozer and hydraulic control.
$2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00
NOTE: Repair time may be less on Elevated Sprocket
Tractors due to modular design of power *Challenger 35
train components.
*Challenger 45
*Challenger 55
AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS
Challenger 65E
(basic configuration)
Challenger 75E
Cost distribution *Challenger 85E
60% Parts *Challenger 95E
40% Labor
MOTOR GRADERS
Cost distribution $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
12H Thru 163H Extended-life Multipliers
65% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00 120H
35% Labor 0-15,000 1.10
135H
0-20,000 1.33
12H
14H & 16H 140H
65% Parts 0-10,000 hours 0.80
143H
35% Labor 0-15,000 1.00
160H
0-20,000 1.33
163H
24H
14H
60% Parts 0-15,000 hours 0.78
16H
40% Labor 0-20,000 1.00
0-30,000 1.05 24H
0-40,000 1.20
Includes basic motor grader equipped with ROPS cab.
22-38
EXCAVATORS $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
*301.5
**302.5
307B
22
311B
Cost distribution *312B
50% Parts 315B

50% Labor 317B
Extended-life Multipliers 318B L
(Not available) **M315
**M318
0-10,000 hours 0.40 **M320
0-20,000 0.80 320C

0-30,000 1.00 322B
0-40,000 1.21 *325B
0-60,000 1.25
*330B
Includes basic excavator equipped *345B Series II
with largest bucket, one-piece boom 365B
and medium stick. Logger with stan-
*375
dard feller buncher.
5130 & 5230 **Preliminary information.
**Insufficient data.
Cost distribution $20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
70% Parts
30% Labor **5080
**5110B
Includes standard bucket and stick.
*5130B
5230
**Preliminary information.
$2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
FOREST PRODUCTS 525B
*535B
*545
517
527
Cost distribution Extended-life Multipliers
*550
55% Parts (Not available)
45% Labor *570
*580
Includes basic skidder equipped with ROPS canopy,
*554
arch, fairlead and winch. Grapple skidders with Cat
grapple. *574
*320C FM
*539
*Insufficient data.
22-39
PIPELAYERS $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
561M
572R
583R
589

60% Parts (Not available)
40% Labor
Includes basic pipelayer equipped with counterweight
and boom.
WHEEL-TRACTOR SCRAPERS
$4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00
613C Series II
**611
615C Series II
*621G
*623G
*627G
631E Series II
*637E Series II
*651E
657E
**Preliminary information.
Cost distribution: Extended-life Multipliers:

60% Parts Period Single-engine Tandem & Elevator
40% Labor 0-10,000 1.00 1.00 (1.03 for Push-Pull)
0-15,000 1.06 1.08
0-20,000 1.21 1.24
Includes standard wheel tractor equipped with standard scraper.
22-40
CONSTRUCTION
& MINING $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00 30.00
TRUCKS
769D
771D
22
773D
775D
777D
785C
789C
793C
*797
*Insufficient data.

769-777
55% Parts 0-10,000 hours 0.20
45% Labor 0-20,000 1.00
785-793 0-30,000 1.18
70% Parts 0-40,000 1.50
30% Labor 0-60,000 1.50
Includes basic truck equipped with standard earth
body (785/789 — Option I Body) without liners. Off-
highway tractors’ hourly repair costs are approximately
9% less than trucks.
$4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

ARTICULATED TRUCKS
*D25D
*D30D
*725
*730
*D350E
Series II
Cost distribution Extended-life Multipliers *D400E
Series II
55% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00
45% Labor 0-15,000 1.05 *Preliminary information.
0-20,000 Not Available
22-41
WHEEL TRACTORS & $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00
SOIL/LANDFILL COMPACTORS
*814F
*815F
*816F
*824G
*825G
Cost distribution 826G
60% Parts
*834G
40% Labor
844
854G
*836G
*Preliminary information.
(Not available)
Includes: 814F thru 854G — Basic tractor equipped $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
with ROPS canopy and bulldozer.
815F & 825G — Basic compactor equipped
*902
with ROPS canopy and fill-spreading bull-
dozer. *906
816F & 826G — Basic Landfill Compactor **908

equipped with ROPS cab and landfill bull- *914G, IT14G
dozer. *924G
*928G, IT28G
WHEEL LOADERS &
*938G, IT38G
INTEGRATED TOOLCARRIERS
950G
*962G, IT62G
966G
*972G
980G
Cost Extended-life
distribution Multipliers **Preliminary information.
914G-992G **Insufficient data.
60% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00
40% Labor 0-15,000 1.10
994D
75% Parts 0-10,000 0.25
25% Labor 0-20,000 0.54
0-30,000 1.00 $8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00 26.00 28.00
0-40,000 1.07
0-60,000 1.25 *988G
Includes basic wheel loader equipped *990

Series II
with ROPS cab and General Purpose *992G
bucket (988 and 992 with Spade nose
*994D
rock bucket).
*Preliminary information.
22-42
TRACK LOADERS $2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
933C
939C
953C
22
*963C
973C
55% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00 *Preliminary information.
45% Labor 0-15,000 1.13
Includes basic track loader equipped with ROPS
canopy and General Purpose bucket.
$8.00 16.00 24.00 32.00 40.00 48.00

UNDERGROUND LOAD HAUL DUMP UNITS
Cost distribution Extended-life Multipliers *R1300
R1300-R2900 *R1600
60% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00
*R1700G
40% Labor 0-20,000 1.17
*R2900
Includes basic LHD. Equipped with FOPS cab and
standard bucket. *Preliminary information.
UNDERGROUND ARTICULATED TRUCKS $8.00 16.00 24.00 32.00 40.00 48.00
Cost distribution Extended-life Multipliers *AE40

AD40-AE40 **AD45
60% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00
**AD55
40% Labor 0-20,000 1.16
Includes basic Underground Articulated Truck equipped **Preliminary information.
with FOPS cab and standard dump body (AD40) or
standard ejector body (AE40).
UNDERGROUND RIGID FRAME TRUCKS $8.00 16.00 24.00 32.00 40.00 48.00
Cost distribution Extended-life Multipliers *769D Dump

69D – Dump *769D Ejector
69D – Ejector
*773D Dump
73D – Dump
60% Parts 0-10,000 hours 1.00 *Preliminary information.
40% Labor 0-20,000 1.10
Includes basic truck equipped with standard under-
ground dump body or standard underground ejector
body.
22-43
Owning & Operating Costs 12 Special Wear Items
15 Operator’s Hourly Wage
Owning & Operating Examples

● Track-Type Tractor
Enter the value to be recovered through work in
12 SPECIAL WEAR ITEMS space (C).
(Line Item 12 and Subsection 12A) Indicated ownership period is 7 years with annual
usage of 1200 hours per year or 8400 hours of total
All costs for high-wear items such as cutting edges, ownership usage.
ripper tips, bucket teeth, body liners, router bits, etc., Divide the Net Value from space (C), $87,750, by
and welding costs on booms and sticks should be Ownership Usage, 8400 hours, and enter result
included here. These costs will vary widely depending $10.45 in space (D).
on applications, materials and operating techniques.
Consult your Caterpillar Dealer Parts Department Interest, Insurance, Taxes
for estimated life under your job conditions. In this example, local rates are assumed as follows:
Interest 16%
15 OPERATOR’S HOURLY WAGE Insurance 1%
Taxes 1%
_____
(Line Item 15)
18%
This item should be based on local wage scales and
should include the hourly cost of fringe benefits. Using the following formula:
N = 7:
EXAMPLES OF FIGURING OWNING AND
OPERATING COSTS
Example I: ESTIMATING HOURLY OWNING
[ 7+1
______
237 ]
3 $135,000 3 0.16
_____________________________ = $10.29
AND OPERATING COSTS OF A 1200
TRACK-TYPE TRACTOR Enter $10.29 in space (E).
Assume a power shift track-type tractor with
straight bulldozer, hydraulic control, tilt cylinder Insurance and property taxes can also be calcu-
and three-shank ripper, is purchased by a contrac- lated using the same formula as shown for the inter-
tor for $135,000, delivered price at job site. est cost, and entering them on lines 5 and 6.
Application will be production dozing of bank Items 3b, 4, 5 and 6 can now be added and the
gravel. Minimal ripping will be required to loosen result, $22.02 entered in space (H) Total Hourly
material. Owning Costs.
In the following calculations, refer as necessary
to the source material already reviewed. OPERATING COSTS —
OWNING COSTS — Fuel

See fuel consumption tables. The intended appli-
To Determine Residual Value at Replacement cation, production dozing, indicates a medium load
Enter delivered price, $135,000, in space (A). (See factor. Assume that the estimated fuel consumption
example form at end of this discussion.) Since the from the table is 18.1 liter/hr (4.8 U.S. gal/hr.). Cost
machine being considered is a track-type tractor, no of fuel in this locality is $0.34/liter ($1.25/U.S. gal.).
tires are involved. This particular owner’s experience
is that at trade-in time, the tractor will be worth Consumption Unit Cost Total
approximately 35% of its original value. This $47,250 18 liter/hr 3 $0.34 liter = $6.12
trade-in value is entered in space (B) leaving a net 5 gal/hr 3 $1.25 gal. = $6.25
of $87,750 to be recovered through work. Enter this figure in space (I).
22-44
Owning & Operating Examples Owning & Operating Costs
● Track-Type Tractor
Lube Oils, Filters, Grease Special Items

For these items, you can use the lubricants con- Assuming the tractor is equipped with a three-
sumption tables and the filter cost calculator for a shank ripper and an “S” dozer, allowance must be
detailed estimate. Assume the table shows an approx- made for ripper tips, shank protectors, and dozer cut-
imate hourly cost for lube oils, filters and grease ting edges.
(materials and labor) for this tractor of $0.46. Enter Assume your knowledge of the operation indicates 22
this figure in space (J). the ripper will be used only about 20% of total trac-
tor operating time. Estimated tip life while in use is
Tires 30 hours. Therefore, tips will be replaced:
Since this example considers a track-type tractor,
space (K) is left blank. 30 Hours
_________ = each 150 hours of tractor operation
0.20
Undercarriage
Our estimating reference gives an undercarriage Shank protector life is estimated at three times
cost Basic Factor of 6.2 for this tractor. It is antici- tip life or 450 hours of tractor operation. In this
pated that with some ripping on the job, impact medium duty application, no shank replacement is
loading of track components will be medium, indi- expected in the 8400 hour depreciation period of the
cating an “I” multiplier of 0.2. The gravel-sand mix tractor.
in the bank, being dry, should be only moderately Cutting edge life is estimated to be 500 hours.
abrasive for an “A” multiplier of 0.2. In analyzing Using local prices for these items, hourly costs are
the miscellaneous conditions: there is enough clay estimated as follows:
in the bank to produce some packing of the sprock-
3 @ $35.00 ea.
ets; the operator is careful, but is forced into some Tips: ______________ = $0.70 per hour
tight turns because of space limitations; there is 150 hr.
good drainage in the pit; track tension is checked
weekly; and all track-type equipment on the job is 3 @ $55.00 ea.
enrolled in the Custom Track Service program. Shank Protectors: ______________ = $0.37 per hour
450 hr.
Accordingly, the “Z” multiplier is judged to be some-
what greater than low level — 0.3 in this case.
$125 per set
It should be noted that in applying particularly Cutting Edges: ______________ = $0.25 per hour
the “Z” factor, rather wide flexibility is provided and 500 hr.
was used in the above example. Such flexibility is The total of these, $1.32; is entered in space (N).
intended and its use encouraged. Items 8, 9, 10b, 11 and 12 can now be added and
Then: the result, $15.63, is entered in space (O), Total
Hourly Operating Costs.
Cost per hour = Basic Factor 3 (I + A + Z)
Basic Factor = 6.2 Operator’s Hourly Wage
Conditions Multipliers: I = 0.2 Assume this is $20.00 including fringe benefits.
A = 0.2 This figure is entered in space (P).
Z = 0.3 Total Owning Costs, Total Operating Costs and
Cost per hour 6.2 (0.2 + 0.2 + 0.3) = $4.34 which Operator’s Hourly Wage are now added together
is entered in space (L). and the result, $57.65, is entered in space (Q). The
itemized estimate of Hourly Owning and Operating
Repairs Costs is now complete.
In determining the depreciation period, we estab-
lished the intended use of the machine as a Zone B
application. The Repair Reserve graph for track-type
tractors indicates that the mid-range for our tractor
is approximately 4.50 on the basis of 10,000 hours
of use. The tractor is to be used over 8400 hours, so
the Extended-life Multiplier in this case is 1.0.
Therefore, Repair Reserve = 1.0 3 4.50 = $4.50
per hour, which is entered in space (M).
22-45
Owning & Operating Costs Owning & Operating Example II
● Wheel Loader
Example II: ESTIMATING HOURLY OWNING AND Tires

OPERATING COSTS OF A WHEELED Use the tire replacement cost and the best esti-
VEHICLE mate of tire life based on experience and anticipated
With only a few simple changes, owning and oper- job conditions.
ating costs for a wheeled vehicle are calculated using
the same format as that used for the Track-Type Repairs
Tractor. Only the differences will be explained as we Find the applicable basic repair factor for Zone B
look at example calculations for a wheel loader. application from the bar charts (4.00). Again, the
use period for the Wheel Loader is 7500 hours, so
OWNING COSTS — the Extended-life Multiplier is 1.0.
To Determine Residual Value at Replacement Therefore, Repair Reserve = 1.0 3 4.00 = $4.00
per hour.
Enter delivered price in space (A). The cost of tires
is deducted since they will be treated as a wear item. Special Items
For purposes of illustration, the Wheel Loader is esti- Ground engaging tools, welding, etc. are covered
mated to have a potential 48% trade-in value (B) at here. Use current costs for cutting edges and similar
the end of the 5 year/7500 hour ownership usage, items. Use your best estimate of the hours of life
leaving a net value to be recovered through work of which can be expected from them based on previ-
$34,320 (C). ous experience in like materials. Enter the total on
Interest, Insurance, Taxes line 12.
The total of lines 8 through 13 represents hourly
Refer to the formulas using the same rates as operating costs.
before and 1500 operating hours per year. The fac-
tor 4.22 is applied to the interest cost (E). Operator’s Hourly Wage
Insurance and property taxes can also be calcu- To give a true picture of operator cost, include fringe
lated using the same formula as shown for the inter- benefits as well as direct hourly wages (line 15).
est cost.
The sum of lines 3b, 4, 5 and 6 gives the total TOTAL O&O
hourly owning cost, line 7. The total of lines 7, 13 and 15 is the total hourly
owning and operating cost of the machine. Keep in
OPERATING COSTS — mind that this is an estimate and can change radi-
Fuel cally from project to project. For the greatest accu-
racy, the hourly cost reflected in actual on-the-job
See the fuel consumption tables and apply the cost records should be used.
actual cost of purchasing fuel in the project area (I).
Lube Oils, Filters, Etc. ●●●
Use either the item-by-item worksheet or the
summary tables. Enter the total item in space (J)
on line 9.
22-46
Owning & Operating Examples I & II Owning & Operating Costs
● Estimating Form
HOURLY OWNING AND OPERATING COST ESTIMATE DATE _____________

(1) (2)
Track-type Wheel
Machine Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tractor
__________ Loader
__________ 22
Estimated Ownership Period (Years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0007
__________ 0,0005
__________
Estimated Usage (Hours/Year) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
__________ 0,1500
__________
Ownership Usage (Total Hours) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8400
__________ 0,7500
__________
OWNING COSTS (1) (2)

1. a. Delivered Price (including attachments) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,000 (A)
__________ 70,000
__________
b. Less Tire Replacement Cost if desired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0000
__________ 0,4000
__________
c. Delivered Price Less Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,000
__________ 66,000
__________
35
2. Less Residual Value at Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (___%) 47,250 (B) (___%)
__________ 48 31,680
__________
3. a. Value to be recovered through work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,750 (C)
__________ 34,320
__________
(line 1c less line 2)
b. Cost Per Hour:
Value
______ 87,750
(1) __________ 34,320
(2) __________ .................. 10.45 (D)
__________ 4.58
__________
Hours 8400 7500
4. Interest Costs _____
N+1 Simple Int.
3 Del. Price 3
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
7 + 1 3 _______
(1) _____ 135,000 3 ___ 5 + 1 3 _______
16 % (2) _____ 66,000 3 ___
16 %
14 10 10.29 (E) 4.22
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________
1200 Hours/Yr.
_____ 1500 Hours/Yr.
_____
5. Insurance N+1
_____ Insurance
3 Del. Price 3
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
7 + 1 3 _______
(1) _____ 135,000 3 ___ 5 + 1 3 _______
1 % (2) _____ 66,000 3 ___
1 %
14 10 0.64 (F) 0.26
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________
1200 Hours/Yr.
_____ 1500 Hours/Yr.
_____
Or
$ __________ Per Yr. ÷ __________ Hours/Yr. = Estimating form continues next page
22-47
Owning & Operating Costs Owning & Operating Examples I & II
● Estimating Form
(1) (2)
6. Property Tax N+1
_____ 3 Del. Price 3 Tax Rate %
N = No. Yrs. 2N
_________________________________ =
Hours/Year
7 + 1 3 _______
(1) _____ 135,000 3 ___ 5 + 1 3 _______
1 % (2) _____ 66,000 3 ___
1 %
14 10 0.64 (G) 0.26
______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________
1200 Hours/Yr.
_____ 1500 Hours/Yr.
_____
Or
$ __________ Per Yr. ÷ __________ Hours/Yr. =
7. TOTAL HOURLY OWNING COST
(add lines 3b, 4, 5, and 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.02 (H)
__________ 9.32
__________
OPERATING COSTS
8. Fuel: Unit Price 3 Consumption
(1) 1.25
________ 5 6.25 (I) 5.00
3 ___________ = __________ __________
(2) 1.25 4
________ 3 ___________ =
9. Lube Oils, Filters, Grease:
(See subsection 9A on back) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.46 (J)
__________ 0.43
__________
10. a. Tires: Replacement Cost ÷ Life in Hours
Cost
______ 4000
(1) __________ (2) __________ .............. 000 (K)
__________ 1.14
__________
Life 3500
b. Undercarriage
(Impact + Abrasiveness + Z Factor) 3 Basic Factor
0.2
(1) (______ 0.2
+ ______ + ______ 0.7 3 ______
0.3 ) = ______ 6.2 = 4.34 (L)
__________ __________
(2) (______ + ______ + ______ ) = ______ 3 ______ =
(Total) (Factor)
11. Repair Reserve
(Extended Use Multiplier 3 Basic Repair Factor)
1.0 3 ______
(1) ______ 1.0 3 ______
4.5 = (2) ______ 4.0 = 4.50 (M)
__________ 4.00
__________
12. Special Wear Items: Cost ÷ Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32 (N)
__________ 0.60
__________
13. TOTAL OPERATING COSTS
(add lines 8, 9, 10a (or 10b), 11 and 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.87 (O)
__________ 11.17
__________
14. MACHINE OWNING PLUS OPERATING
(add lines 7 and 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.89 (O)
__________ 20.49
__________
15. OPERATOR’S HOURLY WAGE (include fringes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 (P)
__________ 20.00
__________
16. TOTAL OWNING AND OPERATING COST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.89 (Q)
__________
__________ 40.49
__________
__________
22-48
Owning & Operating Examples I & II Owning & Operating Costs
● Supplemental Calculations to Estimating Form
SUBSECTION 2A: Residual Value at Replacement

Gross Selling Price (1) (___%) __________ (2) (___%) __________
Less: a. Commission __________ __________
b. Make-ready costs __________ __________
c. Inflation during
ownership period* __________ __________ 22
Net Residual Value 47,250

__________ 35
(___%) 31,680
__________ 48
(___%) of original
(Enter on line 2) delivered price
*When used equipment auction prices are used to estimate residual value, the effect of inflation during the owner-
ship period should be removed to show in constant value what part of the asset must be recovered through work.
SUBSECTION 9A: Lube Oils, Filters, Grease

Unit Price 3 Consumption = Cost/Hour
Engine (1) __________ 3 __________ = ________ (2) __________ 3 __________ = ________
Transmission __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Final Drives __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Hydraulics __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Grease __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Filters __________ 3 __________ = ________ __________ 3 __________ = ________
Total (1) ________ (2) __________
(Enter total on line 9 or use Quick Estimator Tables)
SUBSECTION 12A: Special Items

(cutting edges, ground engaging tools, bucket teeth, excavator stick repair, etc.)
(1) Cost Life Cost/Hour (2)
105 150 $0.70
1. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 1. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
165 450 $0.37
2. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 2. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
125
3. ____________ 500
÷ ____________ $0.25
=____________ 3. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
4. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 4. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
5. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 5. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
6. ____________ ÷ ____________ =____________ 6. ____________ ÷ ____________ = ____________
Total $1.32
(1) ____________ (2) ____________
(Enter total on line 12)
REPAIR RESERVE CONVERSION FACTORS (line 11)

For use in countries outside the United States where parts and service costs might differ from those used in charts
and tables:
Labor Rate Ratio (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________
Parts Cost Ratio (1) ____________________ (2) ____________________
22-49
Owning & Operating Costs Quick Estimators
● U.S. Dollars Per Hour
QUICK ESTIMATOR HOURLY OWNING Track-Type Tractors Example equipment: straight

AND OPERATING COSTS bulldozer with tilt cylinder, hydraulic control, ROPS
canopy, crankcase and track roller guards, front pull
NOTE: Hourly Owning and Operating Costs for a hook, light system, and vandalism protection.
given model of machinery vary widely
because they are influenced by many factors: O&O/hr.
the type of work the machine does, local Moderate Average Severe
prices for fuel and lubricants, shipping costs D3C Series III $ 9.00 $ 14.00 $ 22.00
from the factory, interest rates, operator’s D4C Series III $ 11.00 $ 16.00 $ 25.00
D5C Series III $ 12.00 $ 16.00 $ 25.00
wages, tire or track life, rock versus earth, D5M $ 20.00 $ 25.00 $ 30.00
hours per year, etc. Use the following figures D5B $ 18.00 $ 21.00 $ 35.00
as QUICK GUIDELINES ONLY. When pre- D6M $ 25.00 $ 31.00 $ 37.00
cise owning & operating cost estimates are D6G $ 23.00 $ 30.00 $ 50.00
required, calculate them using the format D6R $ 27.00 $ 35.00 $ 43.00
on the preceding pages and your particular D7G $ 32.00 $ 41.00 $ 63.00
conditions. D7R $ 36.00 $ 46.00 $ 56.00
Quick estimator figures shown are based on the D8R $ 46.00 $ 61.00 $ 73.00
following assumptions: D9R $ 69.00 $ 86.00 $107.00
D10R $ 86.00 $104.00 $131.00
● List prices f.o.b. factory. D11R $120.00 $135.00 $165.00
● Machines equipped as indicated (certain attach-
ments included may not be normal in some areas). Agricultural Tractors Example equipment: program-
● Ownership period: Guide for selecting ownership mable monitor, 544 kg (1200 lb) front counterweight,
period based on application and operating conditions. additional light group, 132 Lpm (35 gpm) implement
● The basic repair factors are based on the first pump and high torque steering motor.
10,000 hours of service.
O&O/hr.
● Parts at published U.S. Consumers List Prices. Moderate Average Severe
● Labor for repairs at a total selling price of $50.00 D4E SR $15.00 $20.00 $30.00
(U.S.) per hour. D6G SR $22.00 $29.00 $45.00
● MODERATE: Zone A, or moderate job conditions. Challenger 35 $15.00 $20.00 $30.00
Typical U.S.A. Auction Results for Challenger 45 $18.00 $23.00 $33.00
the machine used in computing Challenger 55 $20.00 $25.00 $35.00
resale and depreciation. Challenger 65E $21.00 $26.00 $36.00
● AVERAGE: Zone B, or average job conditions. Challenger 75E $22.00 $28.00 $38.00
Typical U.S.A. Auction Results for Challenger 85E $22.00 $30.00 $39.00
Challenger 95E $23.00 $31.00 $40.00
the machine used in computing
resale and depreciation. Motor Graders Example equipment: hydraulic side-
● SEVERE: Zone C, or severe job conditions. shift with tip, ROPS cab, heater, front lights, van-
Typical U.S.A. Auction Results for dalism protection.
the machine used in computing
resale and depreciation and is O&O/hr.
adjusted for machine condition. 120H $17.00 $22.00 $28.00
● Lubricants and hydraulic oil at $6.35 per U.S. Gal. 135H $18.00 $23.00 $29.00
plus labor. 12H $21.00 $25.00 $31.00
● Grease at $0.71 per fitting (includes labor). 140H $22.00 $26.00 $33.00
● Filters at U.S. Consumer’s List Prices plus labor. 143H $23.00 $29.00 $37.00
● Fuel at $1.25 per U.S. Gal. 160H $23.00 $29.00 $37.00
● Figures include average tire costs at 50% list 163H $24.00 $32.00 $40.00
price. 14H $27.00 $35.00 $46.00
● ALL FIGURES EXCLUDE INTEREST, INSUR- 16H $37.00 $48.00 $64.00
24H 55.00 71.00 87.00
ANCE, TAXES AND OPERATOR (due to wide
variance around the world).
22-50
Quick Estimators Owning & Operating Costs
Excavators, Feller Bunchers and Front Shovels Pipelayers Example equipment: front pull hook,
Example equipment: largest undercarriage (or stan- lighting system and standard vandalism protection.
dard tires), largest bucket or standard feller buncher,
O&O/hr.
medium stick, one-piece boom. Moderate Average Severe
O&O/hr. 561M $17.00 $20.00 $23.00
Moderate Average Severe 572R $30.00 $36.00 $54.00 22
301.5 * * * 583R * * *
302.5 * * * 589 * * *
307B/307B SB * * * *Insufficient data.
311B * * *
312B * * * Wheel-Tractor Scrapers Example equipment: stan-
313B CR * * * dard tractor, standard scraper, standard tires.
315B * * *
O&O/hr.
317B * * *
318B L/318B LN * * *
613C Series II $ 28.00 $ 35.00 $ 49.00
320C $19.00$ $22.00$ $34.00$
611 $ 34.00 $ 46.00 $ 72.00
322B 19.00 25.00 38.00
615C Series II $ 38.00 $ 48.00 $ 66.00
325B 19.00 29.00 46.00
621G $ 40.00 $ 53.00 $ 83.00
330B 27.00 32.00 51.00
623G $ 46.00 $ 57.00 $ 87.00
345B Series II 37.00 49.00 72.00
627G $ 54.00 $ 71.00 $105.00
365B L * * *
627F PP $ 55.00 $ 73.00 $108.00
375 62.00 80.00 124.00
631E Series II $ 64.00 $ 87.00 $137.00
5080 65.00 83.00 130.00
637E Series II $ 89.00 $118.00 $179.00
5110B * * *
637E Series II PP $ 91.00 $121.00 $184.00
5130B * * *
651E $ 83.00 $109.00 $168.00
5230 * * *
657E $108.00 $146.00 $218.00
*Insufficient data.
657E PP $110.00 $150.00 $224.00
Backhoe Loaders Construction & Mining Trucks and Tractors Exam-
O&O/hr.
ple equipment: body liners on trucks, downshift
416C $14.00 $16.00 $20.00 inhibitor, standard E-3 tires, standard body (Option I
426C $15.00 $19.00 $22.00 — 785/789/793) with liners and standard tires.
428C $15.00 $19.00 $22.00 Tractors do not include trailer.
436C $16.00 $20.00 $24.00
O&O/hr.
438C $18.00 $21.00 $25.00
446B $18.00 $22.00 $26.00
769D $ 36.00 $ 45.00 $ 58.00
Forest Products Example equipment: dual function 771D $ 37.00 $ 46.00 $ 58.00
arch, 100" sorting head, 30.5-32 tires, standard blade. 773D $ 48.00 $ 61.00 $ 80.00
775D $ 50.00 $ 63.00 $ 82.00
O&O/hr. 776D $ 56.00 $ 82.00 $119.00
Moderate Average Severe 777D $ 58.00 $ 80.00 $109.00
525B $19.00 $28.00 $40.00 784C * * *
535B * * * 785C $ 76.00 $102.00 $138.00
545 * * * 789C $101.00 $135.00 $175.00
517 * * * 793C 121.00 161.00 206.00
527 $33.00 $40.00 $50.00 797 193.00 241.00 309.00
550 * * * *Insufficient data.
570 * * *
580 * * *
554 * * *
574 * * *
320C FM * * *
539 * * *
*Insufficient data.
22-51
Articulated Trucks Wheel Loaders Example equipment: 980 and up,

O&O/hr. standard ROPS sound suppressed cab, heater and
Moderate Average Severe air-conditioner. 966 and down, standard ROPS sound
D25D $33.00 $37.00 $46.00 suppressed cab, standard tires and smallest bucket
D30D $38.00 $42.00 $52.00
with teeth.
725 $27.00 $37.00 $53.00
730 $31.00 $43.00 $60.00 O&O/hr.
D350E Series II $46.00 $52.00 $63.00 Moderate Average Severe
D400E Series II $51.00 $56.00 $70.00 902 * * *
D400E Series II Ejector $54.00 $60.00 $74.00 906 * * *
908 * * *
Telehandlers 914G $$14.00 $$15.00 $$16.00
O&O/hr. IT14G $14.00 $15.00 $16.00
Moderate Average Severe 924G $14.00 $18.00 $24.00
TH62 $15.00 $18.00 $22.00 924G Hook On $15.00 $20.00 $25.00
TH63 $16.00 $19.00 $23.00 928G $16.00 $21.00 $28.00
TH82 $16.00 $19.00 $23.00 IT28G $18.00 $24.00 $30.00
TH83 $17.00 $20.00 $24.00 938G $20.00 $25.00 $34.00
TH103 $18.00 $21.00 $25.00 IT38G $22.00 $27.00 $36.00
950G $24.00 $$31.00 $ 41.00
Wheel Tractors Example equipment: straight bull- 962G $25.00 $ 32.00 $ 44.00
dozer, ROPS cab, lighting system, vandalism pro- IT62G $27.00 $ 35.00 $ 46.00
tection, standard tires. 966G $31.00 $ 41.00 $ 62.00
972G $32.00 $ 44.00 $ 66.00
O&O/hr. 980G $38.00 $ 54.00 $ 75.00
Moderate Average Severe 988G $60.00 $ 81.00 $109.00
814F $28.00 $32.00 $48.00 990 Series II $75.00 $100.00 $140.00
824G $34.00 $41.00 $70.00 992G $105.00 $125.00 $171.00
834G $51.00 $58.00 $92.00 994D $142.00 $185.00 $228.00
844 * * * *Insufficient data.
854G * * *
*Insufficient data. Windrow Elevators
Compactors Example equipment: fill spreading bull- O&O/hr.
dozer, ROPS canopy, lighting system, vandalism Moderate Average Severe
BG-650 $18.00 $20.00 $26.00
protection.
O&O/hr. Track Loaders Example equipment: canopy, track
Moderate Average Severe roller guards, front pull hook, lighting system, vandal-
815F $28.00 $34.00 $ 52.00 ism protection and GP bucket with teeth and segments.
816F $32.00 $38.00 $ 52.00
O&O/hr.
825G $36.00 $48.00 $ 70.00
826C $48.00 $56.00 $ 82.00
933C $12.00 $18.00 $26.00
836G $56.00 $74.00 $104.00
939C $14.00 $19.00 $28.00
953C $21.00 $30.00 $41.00
963C $25.00 $36.00 $50.00
973C $36.00 $49.00 $62.00
22-52
Quick Estimators Owning & Operating Costs
Paving Compactors Example equipment: standard PM-565B ESTIMATED* PRODUCTION TABLE

equipment with working lights and all CP models (83" ROTOR) AVERAGE APPLICATION/
equipped with leveling blades. SOFT LIMESTONE AGGREGATE/
$274.00/O&O COST PER HR.
O&O/hr.
Moderate Average Severe 115 lbs/cu/ft
CB-214D $ 5.00 $ 7.00 $10.00 Square 86 lbs/sq/ 22
CB-224D $ 7.00 $10.00 $16.00 Depth Yards/ Cost yd/inch/
CB-434C $15.00 $20.00 $24.00 Of Travel Hour Per depth
CB-534C $18.00 $24.00 $26.00 Cut Speed (50 Min Hour) sq/yd US Tons
CB-535B $18.00 $24.00 $26.00 1" 130 FPM 4995 0.05 287
CB-544 $18.00 $24.00 $26.00 3" 90 FPM 3460 0.08 597
CB-545 $18.00 $24.00 $26.00 5" 60 FPM 2305 0.12 663
CB-634C $20.00 $26.00 $29.00 7" 35 FPM 1345 0.20 543
CS-323C $11.00 $18.00 $22.00 10" 25 FPM 960 0.29 550
CS-431C $15.00 $19.00 $24.00
CS-433C $16.00 $22.00 $31.00
CS-563D $14.00 $29.00 $36.00
MODERATE APPLICATION
CS-583D $16.00 $29.00 $36.00 HARD LIMESTONE AGGREGATE
CP-323C $16.00 $22.00 $30.00 $351.00/O&O COST PER HR.
CP-433C $18.00 $29.00 $35.00 115 lbs/cu/ft
CP-563D $25.00 $32.00 $42.00 Square 86 lbs/sq/
PS-150B $ 6.00 $11.00 $18.00 Depth Yards/ Cost yd/inch/
PS-200B $ 8.00 $14.00 $18.00 Of Travel Hour Per depth
PS-300B $12.00 $18.00 $22.00 Cut Speed (50 Min Hour) sq/yd US Tons
PF-300B $12.00 $18.00 $22.00
PS-500 $14.00 $19.00 $22.00 1" 100 FPM 3840 0.09 220
CB-225D $ 5.00 $ 7.00 $10.00 3" 70 FPM 2690 0.13 463
CB-334D $ 9.00 $12.00 $20.00 5" 40 FPM 1535 0.23 440
CB-335D $ 9.00 $12.00 $20.00 7" 30 FPM 1155 0.30 465
PF-290B $11.00 $17.00 $21.00 10" 20 FPM 770 0.46 440
PS-360B $11.00 $17.00 $21.00
SEVERE APPLICATION
Road Reclaimer Example equipment: standard RIVER ROCK & GRANITE/AGGREGATE
equipment with reclamation rotor. $444.00/O&O COST PER HR.
O&O/hr. 115 lbs/cu/ft
Moderate Average Severe Square 86 lbs/
RR-250B $141.00 $167.00 $213.00 Depth Yards/ Cost sq/yd/
SS-250B $ 95.00 $ 99.00 $139.00 Of Travel Hour Per inch/depth
RM-350B $164.00 $190.00 $236.00 Cut Speed (50 Min Hour) sq/yd US Tons
Asphalt Pavers Example equipment: hydraulic 1" 70 FPM 2690 0.16 154
extendable screed, push roller, paddle feeders, lights. 3" 50 FPM 1920 0.23 331
5" 30 FPM 1155 0.38 333
O&O/hr. 7" 25 FPM 960 0.46 385
Moderate Average Severe 10" 15 FPM 575 0.77 330
AP-650B $49.00 $55.00 $66.00 *Production and costs are estimates that are dependent on number of variables.
AP-1050B $52.00 $58.00 $70.00 Factors include, but are not limited to the following: percent asphalt, content,
material density, ambient temperature, asphalt condition, aggregate type.
AP-1055B $55.00 $61.00 $72.00
AP-800C $43.00 $48.00 $57.00
AP-900B $45.00 $50.00 $59.00
AP-1000B $48.00 $52.00 $61.00
Cold Planers Example equipment: standard equip-

ment with stated rotor size.
O&O/hr.
PM-565B (83" rotor) $274.00 $351.00 $444.00
22-53
PM465 ESTIMATED* PRODUCTION TABLE

(79" ROTOR) AVERAGE APPLICATION/
SOFT LIMESTONE AGGREGATE/
115 lbs/cu/ft
Square 86 lbs/sq/
Depth Yards/ Cost yd/inch/
Of Travel Hour Per depth
Cut Speed (50 Min Hour) sq/yd US Tons
1" 110 FPM 4025 0.06 230
3" 70 FPM 2202.3 0.10 440
5" 35 FPM 1280 0.18 368
7" 25 FPM 915 0.25 364
10" 15 FPM 550 0.42 315
MODERATE APPLICATION
HARD LIMESTONE AGGREGATE
115 lbs/cu/ft
Square 86 lbs/sq/
Depth Yards/ Cost yd/inch/
Of Travel Hour Per depth
1" 85 FPM 3110 0.09 178
3" 60 FPM 2195 0.13 377
5" 30 FPM 1100 0.27 315
7" 20 FPM 730 0.40 294
10" 10 FPM 365 0.81 210
SEVERE APPLICATION
RIVER ROCK & GRANITE/AGGREGATE
115 lbs/cu/ft
Square 86 lbs/
Depth Yards/ Cost sq/yd/
Of Travel Hour Per inch/depth
1" 50 FPM 1830 0.20 105
3" 30 FPM 1100 0.33 189
5" 20 FPM 730 0.51 210
7" 10 FPM 365 1.02 147
10" 5 FPM 183 2.04 105
*Production and costs are estimates that are dependent on number of variables.
Factors include, but are not limited to the following: percent asphalt, content,
material density, ambient temperature, asphalt condition, aggregate type.
22-54

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All data taken from the Performance Handbook Edition 31

OWNING and OPERATING COSTS

HOURLY OWNING AND OPERATING COST ESTIMATE DATE _____________

______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________

_____ Hours/Yr. _____ Hours/Yr.

______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________

_____ Hours/Yr. _____ Hours/Yr.

______________________ = ______________________ = __________ __________

_____ Hours/Yr. _____ Hours/Yr.

(1) (______ + ______ + ______ ) = ______ 3 ______ = __________ __________

(1) ______ 3 ______ = (2) ______ 3 ______ = __________ __________

SUBSECTION 2A: Residual Value at Replacement

SUBSECTION 9A: Lube Oils, Filters, Grease

SUBSECTION 12A: Special Items

REPAIR RESERVE CONVERSION FACTORS (line 11)

Accordingly, it is imperative that careful con-

GUIDE FOR SELECTING OWNERSHIP PERIOD BASED ON

D3C-D5C 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr NA

CHALLENGER 35, 45 & 55 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr N/A

120H Thru 16H 20,000 Hr 15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr

M312-M320, 307B 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr 6,000 Hr

5080 20,000 Hr 18,000 Hr 15,000 Hr

ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C

12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 5,000 Hr

ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C

15,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr

15,000 Hr 12,000 Hr 8,000 Hr

933C-939C 8,000 Hr 6,000 Hr Not Recommended

12,000 Hr 10,000 Hr 8,000 Hr

ZONE A ZONE B ZONE C

AD40, AE40 40,000 Hr 30,000 Hr 15,000 Hr

2 Residual Value at Replacement

trade, the type of jobs and operating conditions in hours/year

To estimate hourly fuel cost, select the load factor

FUEL CONSUMPTION TABLES & LOAD FACTOR GUIDES

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

● Backhoe Loaders ● Skidders

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE — 525

CONSTRUCTION & MINING TRUCKS & TRACTORS

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

● Wheel Tractors & Compactors

WHEEL TRACTORS & COMPACTORS

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

WHEEL LOADERS & INTEGRATED TOOLCARRIERS

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

LOAD HAUL DUMP UNITS (LHDs)

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

RIGID FRAME TRUCKS

LOAD FACTOR GUIDE

See the page following these tables for instruc-

________ = =

_ Hours/Yr. _ Hours/Yr.

________ = =

_ Hours/Yr. _ Hours/Yr.

________ = =

_ Hours/Yr. _ Hours/Yr.

(1) ( + + ) = 3 = ______

(1) 3 = (2) 3 = ____