INSTITUTE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY, ISLAMABAD

Department Of Mechanical Engineering

Quaid-e-Azam Thermal Power (Pvt.) Ltd.

1180MW Combined Cycle power Plant, Bhikki

The report has following objectives:

 Complete Understanding of Power Plant & Its Components

 Comparison of LNG and HSD Fuels for H- Class Gas Turbine

Submitted By Ahmed Yaseen

Registration No. 140501047

Batch ME-03

Date Of Submission 12- Sep-2017

Submitted To: Mr. Ahmed Adnan

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1- General Layout of the Plant……………………………………….…03

2-Drawing Of The Plant……………………………………………..….04
3-Overview of Power Plant…………………………………………..…06
4-Basic Plant Features………………………………………………..…07
5-Main Components……………………………………………….…....08
 5.1- GT (Gas Turbine)…………………………………….………….……... 08
 5.2- HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generators)……………………….….….09
 5.3- ST (Steam Turbine)…………………………….………………….….….10
 5.4- Generator……………………………………………………………...….11
6- Factors affecting Performance of Power Plant………………….……12
7- Auxiliaries Of A Combined Cycle Power Plant……………… ….….14
8- Water Circulation System………………………………………….…17
 8.1- Once through cooling system……………………………………….…....17
 8.2- Close Cooling Circulating Water…………………….………………..…18
9- Fuel (RlNG & Liquid Fuel) Specification. …….………………..…...19
9.1- Fuel gas specification for H-Class………………………………….20
9.2-Liquid Fuel specification for H-Class………………………………21
10- Overview Of H-Class Gas Turbines……………………….………..22
11- Main Equipment Parameters ………………………….………..…. 24
11.1- Compressor section…………………………………………..24
11.2-DLN-2.6+ Combustion system ……………………….…….……..25
11.3- Combustor Configurations for Fuel Type………………………..25
12- Efficiency calculation of H Class turbine……………………….…..25
 12.1- H-Class Performance on LNG………………………….…………26
 12.2- H-Class Performance on Liquid Fuel……………………………..27
13- Conclusion…………………………………………………………..29
14-Refrences…………………………………………………….………30

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3
1- General Layout Of The Plant:

Figure 1
4
2- Drawing Of Layout Of The Plant

Figure 2
5
Main Equipment And Facility List:

Building Security List:

6
 3- Overview of Power Plant:
A power plant is an industrial location where electric energy is produced and
distributed on large scale. In power plants, mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.
It is the basic principle of any power plant. After this energy conversion, the electricity is
transmitted through transformers and high voltage transmission lines of the power generating
station.

Power plants are of various types

 Hydel power plants

 Thermal power plants
 Renewable energy generation power plants
In this research, focus will be only on Thermal power plants

Thermal power plants are conventional method of generating electrical power. In thermal
power plants heat energy is transformed (by combustion of specific fuel) into mechanical
energy and further converted into electrical energy through generator.

 Thermal power plants

In a thermal power station the prime mover is a gas turbine. A gas is used as a fuel and
made to enter into the system and then heated. The heat is generated during this process is
further converted into mechanical energy that moves the blades of gas turbines. The turbine
blades further produce mechanical energy which is then converted into electrical energy by
means of a gas generator. In this process, hot gases are evolved which are of high temperature
and these gases are used to convert water into steam by means of boiler. This steam is further
taken into steam turbine where it again moves blades kinetic energy exists during this process
which is further changed into electrical energy.

On the basis of operation, the thermal power plants are of two types

1. Open cycle
2. Combined cycle

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In this report, our focus is on 1180 MW Bhikki power plant combined cycle power plants
as this plant is working on CCPP principle as is more efficient.

4- Basic Project Features

Project Capacity (Gross) 1180MW
Project Technology Combined Cycle power plant(CCPP)
Gas Turbine Type GE H Class 9HA.01 Gas Turbine
Plant Efficiency(Combined Cycle- 61.59%
Net)
Project Cost PKR 81,000 Million
EPC Contractor Harbin Electric Limited ,China And Habib
Rafiq Limited, Pakistan

 NEPRA Tariff
Simple cycle (RLNG) Rs. 7.6616 / kwh

Combined cycle (RLNG) Rs. 6.3676 / kwh

Combined cycle (HSD) Rs. 10.4506 / kwh

*RLNG Price US$ 7.75/MMBTU

 Power Plant Requirements:

To run a power plant following essential systems are required.

1. Fuel systems
2. Water circulation system
3. Power generation systems
4. Switchyard
5. Hydrogen generation systems
6. Central control systems
7. Nitrogen generation systems

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 5- Main Components:
1180 MW Bhikki power plant consists of the following basic components:

 GT (Gas Turbine)
 HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generators)
 ST (Steam Turbine)
 Generator

5.1- Gas Turbine (GT)

A turbine is a kind of rotating device that uses the stroke of a fluid to generate motion.
Distinctive fluids are air, wind, water, steam and helium. A gas turbine is an internal
combustion (IC) engine employing a continuous combustion process. This is different from the
intermittent combustion that occurs in diesel and automotive IC engines. . For aerospace
applications, it is commonly referred to as a jet engine and various other names depending on
the particular engine configuration or application, such as: jet turbine engines, turbojet turbofan
sectors.

SPECIFICATIONS:

1 Unit Identification 9HA.01

2 Manufacturer General
electric(GE)
3 GT’s Rating At ISO Conditions 416MW

4 GT’s Rating At Reference Site Conditions 395,640kW

5 Gross Heat Rate 8548kJ/KWH

6 Thermal Efficiency(LHV) 42.11%

7 GT’s Rated Speed 3000 rpm

8 GT’s Inlet Air Temperature 240C

9 Compression Ratio 23:1

10 Natural Gas Consumption /Day 1800 Ton/day

11 GT’s Exhaust Pressure Drop 69mmH2O

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5.2- Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)

HRSG heat recovery heat exchanger to heal heat from hot gas Flow. It can be used to
generate the steam process (co-production), or to drive a turbine (combined cycle). If we
want to use a closed loop technology, we can generate it by heat recovery turbine. In the co-
generating power plant, it is mostly open cycle technology. The exhaust gases from the
bottom of gas turbine has temperature 628.3 0C which is enough to convert the water into
stream in the boiler so to recover this temperature we use heat recovery steam generator.

Figure 3: Basic diagram for HRSG Gas Flow

SPECIFICATIONS:

1 Model Horizontal

2 HRSG inlet gas temperature 628.30C

3 HP steam pressure at HRSG’s outlet 168.4 bar
4 HP steam temperature at HRSG’s outlet 588.10C
5 HP steam flow at HRSG’s outlet 367.7 Ton/hr
6 HP steam pressure at HRSG’s outlet 6.52 bar
7 HP steam temperature at HRSG’s outlet 317.60C
8 HP steam flow at HRSG’s outlet 44.4 Ton/hr

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5.3- Generator:
Generators are the most important components of electrical equipment for autonomous
power systems. In addition to the basic purpose of generating electricity, it performs a specific
function of the power quality in the stabilizing or monitoring process. Therefore, one of the
requirements of autonomous generators of power plants is treatment. The structural
performance of the generator should ensure its possibility of operating in outdoor air, with
long-term high reliability.
There are two main types of generators that use synchronous or asynchronous generators.
Synchronous generators are the main types of generators used for large-scale energy
production. When the output power level is usually less than 10
MW, the asynchronous generator is widely used. Asynchronous generators are also preferred
in the manufacture of generators because they can operate at different rates at constant
frequencies are less expensive than synchronous types and require less maintenance.
Generators used at this plant has following constraints:
SPECIFICATIONS:

No. Item Unit Rated parameters for H-Class

1 Rated O/P MVA 535

2 Rated Power MW 395.64

3 Rated Power Voltage KV 20

4 Rated Frequency Hz 50

5 Rated Power Factor / 0.8

6 Rated Speed r/min 3000

7 Cooling type Hydrogen Cooling

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5.4- Steam Turbine and condenser (ST&C):
Steam turbines are the simplest and most efficient way of converting a large amount
of thermal energy into mechanical work. As the steam expands, it obtains a high velocity
turbine blade exerting force. The steam enters the high pressure (HP) section from the main
steam line through the stop and control valves. The first stage is slightly spaced from the
subsequent stage to allow the flow to be stable. After passing through the HP turbine, the cold
reheat conduit delivers the steam to the Re heater a typical modern steam turbine has multiple
extraction points in all parts, where steam is used to heat the feed water heater. During its
expansion through the low pressure (LP) turbine, the steam passes through the saturation line.
SPECIFICATIONS:

1 Type/model STF30C
2 Manufacturer General
electric(GE)
3 Steam turbine rating 388,815KW
4 Steam turbine rated speed 3000 Rpm
5 Number of stages 3
6 Output at average site conditions 388,815KW
7 HP Steam pressure at steam turbine 162.9 bar
inlet
8 HP Steam temperature at steam 585.30C
turbine inlet
9 Steam pressure at steam turbine outlet 0.06(vacuum) bar
10 Steam temperature at steam turbine 360C
outlet
11 HP steam flow at ST inlet 204.2 Kg/s
12 Circulating water flow rate for 60584 tons/hr
condenser
13 Circulating water temperature at inlet 250C
of condenser
14 Condenser working pressure 0.0594 bar
15 Thermal efficiency 62%

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 Figure 4: flow diagram of combined cycle power plant

The figure has been marked with the parts of Power Plant. No.1 & 5 point are purely related to
turbines.
1. Compressor.
2. Gas Turbine
3. HRSG
4. Steam Turbine
5. Condenser
6. Fuel Supply

6- Factors affecting Performance of Power Plant

Performance of CCPP depends upon many factors. The main factor is environmental
behavior such as:

 Ambient Temperature
 Relative humidity
 Fuel type

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 a) Ambient Temperature
Air-to-fuel temperature and isentropic efficiencies influence on the overall efficiency of
the Combined Cycle Gas Turbine. The overall efficiency decreases and the total power output
increases linearly with increases in the Ambient Temperature and air-to-fuel ratio. The peak
overall thermal efficiency occurs the higher compression ratio with low Ambient Temperature.

Efficiency can be affected by the ambient temperature of the air entering in the compressor.
Power and efficiency can vary for a gas turbine as ambient temperature changes.GT
performance is bounded by the Ambient Temperature, hot regions because the net O/P is
inversely proportional to the Ambient Temperature. The temperature drop expands air density
and lifts air mass flow rate; this behavior increase the power O/P and efficiency by about 0.7%
per °C for heavy duty gas turbine. Increase in ambient temperature results in decreasing the
generation therefore net heat rate also increases as efficiency decreases. High turbine inlet
temperature results higher energy efficiency. Net heat rate of GT depend heavily upon ambient
temperature. The heat transferred from flue gas to working fluid in each heat exchanger
increases with increase of gas inlet temperature.

b) Relative humidity

The efficiency of 36.17% acquired at 180°C inlet temperature without humidity

reflection increase to 36.21%. At the same temperature at relative humidity of 80% which
shows humidity is an important factor in thermal efficiency.0.77% increases in the specific
power O/P & 0.65 % increase in thermal efficiency for every 15 % increase of relative humidity
of GT cycle power plants.

c) Fuel type:
Natural Gas is a feasible fuel with more efficiency as compared to second fuel as compared
to the high speed diesel oil (HSD). The mass flow rate of fuel used is directly proportional to
the efficiency increased.

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 7- Auxiliaries Of A Combined Cycle Power Plant
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
System Name: Gas Turbine
Auxiliaries:
 Dry low NOx combustion System
 Complete oil system
 State of art control system
 Online and offline compressor washing system
 CO2 firefighting system
 Air cooling and hydrogen cooling system
 Fuel gas control station
 Distillate fuel package
 Demi water package for NOx control
 Inlet filter system with ducts and starins
 Rain hoods electrical hoist for filter change
 Positive and negative pressure relief protection
 Hot gas bypass stack
 Exhaust gas system
 Gas Turbine’s gas distribution system ( gas detection system, gas flow metering)
System Name: Steam Turbine System:
Auxiliaries:

 Electro hydraulic governor system

 Steam control valves
 Complete oil system
 Turbine and generator bearing with 2 plane proximity vibration system
System Name: Condenser System:
Auxiliaries:

 On load tube cleaning system

 Water box rubber coated with sacrificial anodes
 Water box evacuation system
 Condenser evacuation system
System Name: Heat Recovery Steam Generation (HRSG)
Auxiliaries:

 Steam attemperators
 Dosing system for HRSG feed water conditioning
 Complete nitrogen gas injection system
 Diverter dampers

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  Safety valves and silencers
 Drain valves
 Steam pressure sensors
 Feed water control valve station
 Spray water control valve station
System Name: Feed Water System
Auxiliaries:

 Feed water storage tank

 Spray or degassing type de aerator system
 LP Steam or ST bleed system for feed water tank
System Name: Fuel Oil Pumps (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Suction duplex strainers and accumulators

 Local and remote operational control
 Fuel oil pressure pipe
 Differential pressure gauge
 Alarm
 Pressure relief valves
System Name: System A: Once through Cooling System (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Pumps
 Screening system
 Isolation valves
 Chemical injection system
System Name: Closed Cooling Water System (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Water pumps
 Coolers
 On load tube cleaning system
 Complete pipe and valve system
 Elevated cooling water expansion tank
 Booster pumps
 Main cooling water system (associated system)
 Make up water system ( associated system)

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System Name: Fire-fighting Water (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Fire water tank

 Electric motors driven fire pumps
System Name: Industrial Waste Water Treatment and Disposal (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Oily water retention basins

 Oil separators
 Waste water treatment tank
 Measurement and monitoring system
 Treated waste water monitoring basins
 Chemical dosing facilities
 Tanks for GT wash water and boiler cleaning effluents
System Name: Compressed Air System (Itself an auxiliary system)
Auxiliaries:

 Compressors
 Air dryers
 Air filters
 Control system
 Piping pressure switches
 Air receivers
 Valve quick release couplings
System Name: Electrical Systems
Auxiliaries:

 Unit auxiliary transformers

 MV Power distribution
 Low voltage power distribution (MCC)
 DC/UPS system
 MV/LV DC motors
 Earthing / lightening and cathodic corrosion protection system
 Plant lightening
 Cable and support system
 400/230V AC Switchgear system
 Safe ac and dc systems
 Emergency diesel generators
 Anti-condensation heaters
 Motor winding temperature detectors

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8- Water Circulation System
Two main systems for the circulation of water in the plant are:

8.1- Once through cooling system

8.2-Close Cooling Circulating Water

In once through system canal water is used as a cooling source to cool down the
mechanical components and other auxiliary systems of the plant.

Close Cooling Circulating Water:

While in winter due to the shortage of the canal water a close cooling circulating
water system is used which after cooled down from the cooling water circulates to
release the heat of plant component and through back to the cooling tower to maintain
its temperature.

Close Cooling Water Design:

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8.2- Close Cooling Circulating Water Process:

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 9- FUEL (RLNG & LIQUID FUEL) SPECIFICATION

The power plant is fired with Re Gasified Liquefied. Natural Gas (RLNG) as main fuel and
Liquid Fuel (HSFO & HSD) oil as backup fuel. Two turbines have been examined on
different fuels. Both turbines use same source for LNG which is SNGPL. Therefore the fuel
contents are more or less same as far as LNG is concerned.

LHV, HHV& Fuel Consumption:

Thermal efficiency depends upon

(WGT  WAUX )
net  100%
m fuel LHV
.a) Upper/Higher Heating Value (HHV)

Amount of energy released in the form of heat, on complete ignition of a distinct measure of
gas with air, at a constant pressure and with all burning products recurring to the original
temperature of the reagents. The water formed during combustion is in a liquid state.

b) Lower Heating Capacity / Value (LHV)

Amount of energy released in the form of heat, on complete ignition of a distinct measure of
gas with air, at a persistent pressure and with all combustion products returning to the original
temperature of the reagents. The water formed in gaseous state.

The amount of fuel consumed of the project H-Class type GT is given below.

Class Condition Number of Fuel Fuel consumption

unit’s in
(t/h)
operation

H-Class 24℃,70%,0.9895 1xGT Gas 72.62

bar

24℃,70%,0.9895 1XGT HSD 84.21

bar

Table 1 Fuel Consumption table for H Class

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9.1- Fuel gas specification for H-Class
Re-gasified LNG gas will be supplied and installed by the gas supplier (SNGPL) inside the
plant boundary. The composition of the gas is described in table below for both turbines the
same contents for LNG have been used as the source of bot GT is same. In the following table
fuel contents of a certain H-Class turbine has been mentioned.

Gas pressure at interface：20~27.5barg

S/R. Component composition (Mole %)

1. 1. Methane (C1) 88.852 ±5%

2. 2. Ethane(C2) 5.148±5%

3. 3. Propane (C3) 0.257±5%

4. 4. Butane and Heavier 0.183±5%

5. 5. Nitrogen (N2) 4.815±5%

6. 6. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 0.745±5%

7. Total Sulphur, max 20 grains/100 SCF

8. Hydrogen Sulfide, max 1 grain/100 SCF

9. Solid particle size, max 10 micron

10. Hydrocarbon Dew Point max 0℃

11. Water content max 7 lbs./MMSCF

12. Gross Calorific Value 950 to 1000 Btu/SCF

13. Low Heating Value 41102 KJ/Kg

Table 2 LNG Fuel Specification.

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9.2-Liquid Fuel
In this section, contents of LF has been described. These fuel contents determine the LHV
and flow rate of fuel.

 High speed Diesel (HSD) for H Class

NO. TEST TEST METHOD VALUES

Standard for For

Liquid Fuel
HSD

1 Density at 15°C, Kg/L ASTM D 1298 Min. 0.87

2 Flash Point PM(cc), °C ASTM D 93 Min. 54 (130)

4 Water Content, % vol. ASTM D 95 Max. 0.10

(import)

5 Kinematic Viscosity at ASTM D 445 Min. 1.0; Max.

50°C
6.5

6 Pour Point, °C ASTM D 97 Max. 3(37) /

6(43)

7 Sulphur Content, % ASTM D 4294 Max. 1.0

mass

8 Carbon ASTM D 189 Max. 0.2

Residue(Conradson), %
mass

9 Calorific Value, KJ/kg ASTM D 240 41403

Table 3 LF Fuel Specification.

Each parameter has been written in accordance to the respective standard mentioned.

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 10- OVERVIEW OF H-CLASS GAS TURBINES

H-Class Gas Turbine

It is a single-shaft gas turbine designed for use as a simple cycle unit or combination of steam
and gas turbine cycle (STAG). The gas turbine consists of six main components:

1. Air inlet

2. Compressor

3. Combustion System

4. Turbine

5. Exhaust

6. Support systems

This section briefly describes the operation of the gas turbine and the relationship between
the main components.

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 Figure: 5 Components Of Gas Turbine

11- Main Equipment Parameters

11.1- Compressor section:
The compressor section consists of axial compressor and housing compressor. The
compressor housing is a variable inlet entrance. At the same time Variable blade, rotor and
static blades at all stages, exit rotors and compressor outlet. In compressors, the air is
confined to the distance between the rotor and the fixed part, where it is classified by a series
of alternating rotations (rotary) and fixed (static) blades of the flute. The rotor blades provide
the required force for air pressure at each stage, and the blades of the fixed part of the air to
enter the next rotor level at an appropriate angle. The compressed air is discharged through
the exhaust of the compressor into the combustion chamber. During startup, air is pumped
from the compressor to the turbocharger and pulse control.

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 Figure: 6- 9HA-01 Compressor arrangement

Figure 7: Top view of GT 9HA.01

11.2-DLN-2.6+ Combustion system

The combustion system is a countercurrent design in which 16 combustion chambers are
arranged around the compressor discharge sleeve (Figures 3 and 4). The combustion chamber
is numbered counterclockwise from the left side of the chamber at the top dead center (Figure
3). The system also includes fuel nozzles, spark plug ignition systems, flame detectors and
crossfire tubes

11.3- Combustor Configurations for Fuel Type:

 Dual Fuel - This configuration can run natural gas or liquid fuel. When the GT is
running, the fuel type can change from gas to gas.
 Only gas fuel - fuel nozzles can supply natural gas to the combustion system without
liquid fuel.
 Only liquid fuel - fuel nozzles can only enter liquid fuel and water into the
combustion system without the need for gas.

A) On a gaseous fuel, the burner runs six fuel nozzles on each burner, and the number of fuel
nozzles increases as the GT load increases. One nozzle is loaded from the FSNL to a low
load; the three nozzles are loaded from the low-load fuel to the intermediate load; and from
the intermediate load to the base load plus six nozzles

25
Plus a quaternary fuel circuit. Operation in accordance with the emission standards requires
that all fuel circuits are fueled and the fuel temperature is above the critical temperature.

B) During operation of the oil, the burner operates in diffusion mode over the entire load
range, allowing only five external fuel nozzles to burn. The fuel nozzle is also injected into
the burner for NO2 reduction.

12- Efficiency calculation of H Class turbine

Efficiency is calculated according to the following formula. As discussed earlier in the
chapter 5, WAUX has not been considered to find gross output of machine

(WGT  WAUX )
net  100%
m fuel LHV
From the formula it can be seen that fuel flow or fuel consumption factor is considered a
variable and all other parameters are constant. LHV of each fuel will be a constant value. In
the following section each case will be examined.

12.1- Case 1: H-Class Performance on LNG

In the following section performance of machine will be examined on these parameters.
a) Efficiency
b) Emission rate

Efficiency
All the values given in the following table are real time values collected from the desired gas
turbine computer log. Each value has been taken at an interval of 5 minutes. The selected load

26
is base load which is 360,000 KW for H-Class. The fuel consumption depends upon the load
selected therefore it is showing a constant flow of approx. 5900 kg of fuel. Fuel consumption
has been measured through gas analyzer. Heat rate is also changing along with the consumption of
fuel increase in heat rate causes decrease in efficiency as high heat rate indicates more fuel is burning
to generate heat instead of generating O/P.

Emission rate
From table it is is clear that NO2 emmision is consistent in 28 to 30 PPM range. The
nitrogen content calculation can be done to find the efficiency of machine for minimizing
NO2 emmison rates.

H-Class performance on LNG:

27
 Gross NOx
Gas Heat Rate Gross Emission
Sr. No. Consumption Net O/P (KW) (KJ/KWh) Efficiency (ppm)

1 5,988.00 358,717.00 8,233.3 43.724864 29.86

2 5,944.00 358,702.00 8,173.1 44.046692 29.69

3 5,944.00 358,607.00 8,233.3 44.0350265 30

4 5,988.00 358,707.00 8,233.5 43.723645 29.82

5 5,896.00 358,711.00 8,106.9 44.4063952 29.68

6 5,988.00 358,699.00 8,233.7 43.7226699 29.63

7 5,944.00 358,717.00 8,172.8 44.0485339 29.81

9 5,944.00 358,717.00 8,172.8 44.0485341 29.66

10 5,944.00 358,707.00 8,173.0 44.0473059 29.88

11 6,080.00 358,717.00 8,359.8 43.0632377 29.64

12 5,988.00 358,702.00 8,233.6 43.7230356 29.6

13 6,080.00 358,711.00 8,359.9 43.0625174 29.76

14 6,076.00 358,717.00 8,354.3 43.0915875 29.77

15 5,940.00 358,699.00 8,167.7 44.0759844 29.88

Table 4 H-Class Sheet on the basis of LNG

12.2 -Case 2: H-Class Performance on Liquid Fuel (LF)

H-Class machines are the latest machines. In Pakistan there is no H-Class machine on which
performance test would be perform. For that purpose we should rely on the theoretical values.
According to guaranteed values LHV for HSD is 41403KJ/Kg

28
The fuel consumption is also given which was 84.21 t/h.
In case 1 the fuel consumption was taken in kg/5min unit so we need to convert t/h to Kg/5min,
that is:
1 t/h= 0.251995761 kg/sec
1 t/h= (0.251995761*60*5) kg/5min
84 t/h= (75.59*84) kg/5min
84 t/h= 6366 approx.
So we shall use this consumption value
From these values we can calculate the gross efficiency

Fuel Gross
Sr. Consumption(Kg/5- Gross O/P Heat Rate Gross
No. min) (KW) (KJ/KWh) Efficiency

1 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

2 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

3 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

4 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

5 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

6 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

7 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

9 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

10 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

11 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

29
 12 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

13 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

14 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

15 6,366.00 356,499.00 9,620.0 40.5771113

Table 5 H-Class Sheet on the basis of Fuel LF

It can be observed from the theoretical calculations that at the same load, which was used in
case 1, the efficiency is 40.5 % whereas LNG always gives improved efficiency as compared
to Liquid fuel.

13- Conclusion:
1180 MW Bhikki power plant claims efficiency of 61% on combined cycle at gross output and
it can work on two fuels namely Re Gasified Liquid Natural Gas (RLNG) and High speed

30
diesel (HSD) liquid fuel. Power plant will be generating electricity on January 2017. The
theoretical values are provided by manufacturer the results (concluded) are driven from
theoretical values rather than practical implementation of tests as the plant is still in
construction phase testing and performance test will be conducted after first fire of Power plant.
(Collected) is provided by manufacturer Different parameters such as Net heat rate and net
output of power plant have been examined under reference conditions.
Results conclude that plant gives better net output and less heat rate (which results better
efficiency of power plant at LNG (at reference conditions) instead of high speed diesel (liquid
fuel) which shows LNG serves better and efficient as a fuel. Also, it is environment friendly as
compared to HSD as it emits less CO2 & NO2 as compared to HSD. Also, it is cheaper than
HSD. That’s why LNG will be the prime fuel for Bhikki Power plant and HSD will be
used as a contingency fuel for emergency use.

14-References:
 GEK 107551A Standard Field Performance Testing Procedures

 GEK 103623B Gas Turbine Compressor Washing – Liquid washing recommendations for DLN Gas
Turbines

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 GEK 111895B F-Class Gas Turbine Compressor Washing – Liquid washing recommendations for gas
Turbines with pulsed water wash systems

 AGA Rpt. No. 8 – 1994 Compressibility Factors of Natural Gas and Other Related Hydrocarbon Gases

 ASME PTC 4.4 – 2008 Gas Turbine Heat Recovery Steam Generators

 ASME PTC 22 – 2014 Performance Test Code on Gas Turbines

 GPA 2145 – 09 Table of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Other Compounds of Interest to
the Natural Gas Industry.

 ASTM D1945 - 03 (R2010) Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography

 ASTM D4809 - 13 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb

 GPA Standard 2166-86, “Obtaining Natural Gas Samples for Analysis by

 Gas Chromatography.” Gas Processors Association revised 1986.

 GRI-99/0194, “Topical Report, Metering Research Facility Program,

 Natural Gas Sample Collecting and Handling – Phase 1”, Gas Research

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