GE Digital Energy

Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Network Topologies
 Point-to-point

JungleMUX JungleMUX
CONTROL SUBSTATION
CENTRE
1 Pair of fibers

 Linear Add/drop Terminal Node

JungleMUX JungleMUX JungleMUX

SUBSTATION
CONTROL
CENTRE GENERATION
FACILITY

Intermediate (Add/Drop) Node

Slide 3-1

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Self-healing Unidirectional Path Switched Ring

GENERATION
FACILITY

JungleMUX

ADMINISTRATIVE
BUILDING JungleMUX JungleMUX
CONTROL
CENTRE

1 Pair or fibers

JungleMUX

SUBSTATION

 Provides protection against Fiber or Network Element Failure

Slide 3-2
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Multiple Rings with VT-Tie and/or CBW-Tie/SPE-Tie Traffic

SUBSTATION
GENERATION JungleMUX JungleMUX
FACILITY

VT-TIE
JungleMUX RING #1 JungleMUX JungleMUX RING #2 JungleMUX
SUBSTATION CBW-TIE CONTROL
CENTRE
(or SPE-TIE)*

ADMINISTRATIVE
BUILDING
JungleMUX JungleMUX

SUBSTATION SUBSTATION

 Traffic may be passed from one ring to another without leaving SONET
* CBW-TIE is n/a to OC-1 and legacy (86432-0X-based) OC-3 nodes. CBW-TIE and SPE-TIE are n/a to OC-1 nodes.
Slide 3-3

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

CBW/SPE Tie vs. VT-Tie Between Rings

CBW/SPE tie
R L
 Two tie cables. Must be
connected R-to-L / L-to-R R L
(if carrying Ether-10/100/1000 traffic)
 Protection switching CBW Tie or
SPE Tie
takes place at R L
L R
destination only Loss of
Ring 1 Ring 2 traffic
 Generally, cannot R L R L
survive simultaneous
cable cuts (one per ring)
 Potential common
conduit problem
(see next slide)
L R L R
R L
VT-Tie R L
 One tie cable
 Per-ring protection switching
VT
 VT-tie circuits are capable of L R Tie L R
sustaining simultaneous fiber cuts Ring 1 Ring 2
(one per ring) R L R L

 No common conduit problem

 Requires additional hardware at tie
site (JIF-Share or CDAX units) JIF-Share or
CDAX Unit
L R Pair L R Slide 3-4
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Common Cable Conduits Between SPE/CBW-Tied Rings

R L

 To ensure that online and BAD

L
standby traffic paths are Loss of
not sharing a common R
traffic
conduit, abide by the L
following rules: Right-to-Left Right-to-Left
R
 If there is a common L
cable conduit section R R
between tied rings, the tie R
site shall be placed L L
adjacent to that section. CBW Tie or
No JungleMUX nodes L R SPE Tie links R L
shall be placed along that
section. R L
 All contiguous rings shall GOOD
implement the same R
optical connectivity –
either clockwise R-to-L or L
clockwise L-to-R (as L Right-to-Left* Right-to-Left*
viewed from above). * Clockwise
R Right-to-Left
 CBW/SPE Tie cables R connectivity is
shall be connected R-to-L R L
acceptable if
/ L-to-R. L implemented
L R in both rings
CBW Tie or
L R SPE Tie links L R Slide 3-5

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Dual-Homed Rings

L JungleMUX R L JungleMUX R

L R
CBW-TIE
JungleMUX JungleMUX
R L
R L
JungleMUX Ring 1 Ring 2 JungleMUX
L R
L R
JungleMUX JungleMUX
CBW-TIE
R L

R JungleMUX L R JungleMUX L

 Dual homing eliminates single point of failure (single tie site) for
inter-ring circuits by having their main and backup paths routed via
different tie sites
 CBW-Tie links must be used for tie traffic
 Usually implements an atypical sync solution Slide 3-6
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Interconnecting Non-Adjacent Rings

JungleMUX JungleMUX

JungleMUX Ring #1 JungleMUX JungleMUX Ring #2 JungleMUX

T1 T1

Foreign T-carrier/SONET
system or network (e.g.
T1 microwave radio link,
leased T1 line etc.)
JungleMUX JungleMUX

 DS0 circuits can be passed between non-adjacent SONET rings via T1 links
Slide 3-7

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Interoperation with Foreign SONET Backbone

N x STS-1 OC-192 OC-192 JMUX
SPE (N≤12)

OC-192 OC-192 JMUX JMUX

JMUX JMUX
Foreign OC-192 Ring Ring

JMUX
OC-192 OC-192 OC-192 OC-192
OC-12 or
OC-3 or
OC-12 or
STS-1
OC-3 or
STS-1
JMUX JMUX
VT or CBW Ties VT or CBW Ties

JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX

JMUX Ring JMUX Ring

JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX

 Traffic local to individual JungleMUX rings is not tied to the virtual JungleMUX ring
Slide 3-8
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Interoperation with Foreign SONET Backbone

JMUX JMUX JMUX
OC-N
(N≤48)
JungleMUX Ring
Segment 1

N x STS-1 OC-192 OC-192 N x STS-1

SPE (N≤48) SPE (N≤48)

OC-192 OC-192
Foreign OC-192 Ring

OC-192 OC-192 OC-192 OC-192

N x STS-1 JMUX
SPE (N≤48)
JungleMUX Ring
Segment 2 JungleMUX Ring
OC-N OC-N Segment 3
(N≤48) (N≤48)
JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX

 JungleMUX ring segments are “closed” through a higher-order foreign ring

Slide 3-9

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Interoperation with Foreign SONET Backbone

JMUX JMUX JMUX DS1
OC-N
(N≤48)
JungleMUX Ring
Segment 1

OC-192 OC-192

OC-192 Foreign OC-192 Ring OC-192 DS1

(capable of switching at VT level)

OC-192 OC-192 OC-192 OC-192

JMUX

JungleMUX Ring
Segment 2 JungleMUX Ring
OC-N OC-N Segment 3
(N≤48) (N≤48)
JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX

 If DS1 circuits are established between JungleMUX and foreign SONET nodes,
all JungleMUX-originated VTs are routed through the foreign ring independently Slide 3-10
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

 Mixed SONET and T1 Networks

CONTROL
CENTER
T1MX SUBSTATION
T1

JungleMUX T1 Multiplexer (T1MX)

JMUX JMUX

JungleMUX
SONET
Ring

JMUX JMUX
VT-Tie T1 SUBSTATION
JMUX T1
SUBSTATION T1MX
Foreign
T1
T-carrier or SONET T1MX
Network

JMUX T1
= CDAX

 DS0 connectivity to remote T1MX channel banks via direct m/w T1MX
radio or optic links or via Foreign T-carrier or SONET network SUBSTATION
Slide 3-11

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics
Hide? JungleMUX Training

 Example of Mixed Network Architecture

T1

OC-3

OC-3
T1 radio

OC-3/12/48
OC-192

T1 Foreign
OC-192 OC-192
OC-48/192
T1
T1 T1
OC-192
T1

Slide 3-12
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Network Synchronization – Quick Facts

 SONET = Synchronous Optical Network
 Synchronous = Referenced back to the same clock source
 All nodes within a SONET ring must be synchronized
 All SONET rings exchanging VT/SPE traffic, channelized T1 traffic and/or NMS data must be
synchronized
 Node that distributes clock to other nodes is referred to as ‘headend’.
It can be configured to:
 Generate its own clock (Node Type = Headend; no External Sync Units)
 Use external clock from BITS or traffic-carrying T1 (Node Type = Slave;
External Sync Units are equipped)
 BITS and IRIG-B timing sources are different devices (‘pacing’ vs. real
time clock) although both are normally timed from GPS
 Use of external clock is required only when one or more synchronous
data circuits are passed on to non-JungleMUX transport systems
 Solutions with two externally-timed headend nodes (main+backup)
are supported. (N/A to networks with OC-1 and legacy OC-3 optical units)
 Provides uninterrupted GPS supply upon loss of headend
 Eliminates timing disturbance upon headend recovery
 Right-to-Left optical connectivity must be maintained in each ring Slide 3-13

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Node Type
 JungleMUX SONET node can be configured for one of
the following Node Types (setting in optical aggregate units):
 HEADEND – node generates its own reference clock
 SLAVE – reference clock is provided externally…
 from a collocated JungleMUX node belonging to another Ring or
Linear network using a dedicated Sync Tie cable, OR
 from a BITS source or traffic-carrying T1 in which case External Sync unit
must be equipped
 NORMAL – reference clock is derived from optical agg. signal
 CBW PORT A/B/… – reference clock is derived from a
traffic-carrying CBW Port Tie signal 1)
 Node Type is normally set the same on both agg. units
 Exception are CBW-timed tie nodes in dual homing applications

1) Not supported by OC-1 and 86432-0X OC-3 JMUX units

Slide 3-14
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Solutions with Single Clock Source (I)

BITS

EE
R L R L
HE S

L R L R
Sync Sync
distribution distribution
N N N N
path path
R L R L

L
N R L
N R

Node Type setting:

BITS = Building Integrated
HE = Headend Timing Source
N = Normal E = External Sync Unit
S = Slave
Slide 3-15

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Solutions with Single Clock Source (II)

( BITS )

( EE )
R HE L R L
(S) N

L
Sync R L
Sync R 2 kHz Sync Tie:
distribution distribution Two rings can be in
N N S N
path 2 kHz path same NMS domain
R L Sync Tie R L
(no SSM)
Node Type setting:
HE = Headend L
N R L
N R
N = Normal
S = Slave
CBW = CBW Port p
( BITS )
(p=A, B…)
( EE )
R HE L R L
(S) N
CBW Tie
(embedded CBW Tie:
L
Sync R SSM) L Sync R Two rings cannot
N distribution N CBW distribution N be in same NMS
path path domain (unless
R L R L
CSSU is used at
E = External Sync Unit tie nodes)
N N
L R L R Slide 3-16
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Solutions with Dual Clock Source

BITS BITS
AB BITS
AB
PRIMARY PRIMARY SECONDARY
EE EE EE
R L R L R L
S S S

L R L R L R
Sync Sync Sync
N distribution N N distribution S S distribution N

EE

EE
path path path
R L R L Intelligent R L
Sync Tie
S N (embedded SSM) N
L R L R L R
EE
SECONDARY Two rings can be in
BITS same NMS domain

PRIMARY PRIMARY SECONDARY

EE EE EE
R L R L R L
S S S

L R L R L R
Sync Sync Sync
N distribution N N distribution S S distribution N

EE

EE
path path path
R L R L Intelligent R L
Sync Tie
S N (embedded SSM) N
L R L R L R
EE
SECONDARY E = External Sync Unit Slide 3-17

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Dual Homed Rings (n/a to OC-1 and legacy OC-3)

AB

( EE )
Solution 1 R HE L R L
(S) Intelligent N
L R Sync Tie L R

R Sync L R Sync L
distribution distribution
L path R L path R

R L CBW Tie R L
N N NMS can be tied at the
Node Type setting: L R L R

HE = Headend Intelligent Sync Tie site

N = Normal AB only (unless CSSU is
S = Slave used at tie nodes).
( EE )
CBW = CBW Port p (p=A, B…) Intelligent Intelligent Sync Tie
R HE L R
N
L

L
(S)
R
Sync Tie L R
cannot be used at both
tie sites.

R Sync L R Sync L
distribution distribution
L path R L path R

R L R L
CBW Tie
L
N R L
N R
E = External Sync Unit
Slide 3-18
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Dual Homed Rings (n/a to OC-1 and legacy OC-3)

AB

( EE )
Solution 2 R HE L R L
(S) N
L R CBW Tie L R

R Sync L R Sync L
distribution distribution
L path R L path R

R L CBW Tie R L
N N
Node Type setting: L R L R
In this solution, the two
HE = Headend rings can be in the same
AB
N = Normal
NMS domain only if CSSU
S = Slave
( EE ) is equipped at tie nodes.
CBW = CBW Port p (p=A, B…)
R HE L
CBW Tie
R
N
L
(S)
L R L R

R Sync L R Sync L
distribution distribution
L path R L path R

R L R L
CBW Tie
L
N R L
N R
E = External Sync Unit
Slide 3-19

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Timing from Traffic-Carrying T1 AB

( EE )
R HE L
(S)

Telco L R
Sync
N distribution N T1MX T1MX
T1 T1 T1
path
R L

DACS / PBX N
L R
No SSM

T1
T1 T1 optical or microwave link
or foreign T-carrier network
EE
R S L
T1

L
Sync
R EE
R S L
N distribution N
path L R
R L Sync
N distribution N
N path
L R R L

L
N R

E = External Sync Unit

= CDAX Unit Slide 3-20
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

SSM (Synchronization Status Messaging)

 SSM is carried in bits 5-8 of byte S1 in TOH
 Indicates quality of clock used to generate the OC-N signal at its source
 Supported by OC-48, OC-12 and B86432-41 OC-3 units
 Allows for implementation of Backup Headend node and Dual Homing
 ‘Generation 1’ set of SSM values is supported by OC-3/12/48 units and B86480-11 External Sync Unit
SSM S1 bits
Quality Level Description
Value (b5-b8)
1 QL=1 0001 Traceable to Stratum 1
1
0 QL=2 or QL=15 0000 Synchronized –
Generation 1 traceability/quality unknown
SSM messages 7 QL=3 0111 Traceable to Stratum 2
A (10) QL=4 1010 Traceable to Stratum 3
C (12) QL=5 1100 20 ppm clock traceable
E (14) QL=6 1110 Reserved for network sync NOTE:
F (15) QL=15 1111 Do not use for synchronization
LOS, LOF, Line-AIS, Line
Freq Alarm and OOF
 ‘Generation 2’ set is supported by OC-48 unit only. Rarely needed. conditions detected on a
received optical signal are
SSM S1 bits
Quality Level Description processed as SSM=15
Value (b5-b8)
1 QL=1 0001 Traceable to Stratum 1 (DUS).
1
0 QL=2 or QL=15 0000 Synchronized –
traceability/quality unknown
Generation 2 7 QL=3 0111 Traceable to Stratum 2
SSM messages 4 QL=4 0100 Traceable to Transit clock
D (13) QL=5 1101 Traceable to Stratum 3E
A (10) QL=6 1010 Traceable to Stratum 3
C (12) QL=7 1100 20 ppm clock traceable
E (14) QL=8 1110 Reserved for network sync
F (15) QL=15 1111 Do not use for synchronization
1 User configurable on OC-12 and OC-48. QL=15 on OC-3. Slide 3-22

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Selection Logic – Headend & Normal Nodes

Node Type = Headend Node Type = Normal
Sync Priority = L Sync Priority = L
SSM=12*
SSM=12 HE HE SSM=15 SSM=15 N N SSM=15**

L 2 kHz R L 2 kHz R

SSM=12* SSM=12
SSM=12* SSM=12
SSM=12* SSM=12
Internally-timed Shelf-timed Line-timed Shelf-timed
(flashing * or any SSM<15
* SSM=10 for OC-48
NOTE: Figures show typical SSMs green LED) ** SSM<15 if adjacent to HE
received in a ring-configured system.
 Node times from input receiving best SSM.
 The Left optical unit is internally timed  If same SSM is received on both sides, node times
(20 ppm for OC-3/12, 4.6 ppm for OC-48). from the Sync Priority unit’s optical input (Left by
 Both optical ports are sending SSM=12 (for default, and don’t change it).
OC-3/12) / SSM=10 (for OC-48) by default, but  The line-timed unit sends SSM=15 on local optical
user-configurable (forced to SSM=1 in some dual output (to prevent timing loops) and forwards SSM
homing applications). to the companion unit’s optical output.
 If both SSMs received are DUS (QL=15) or bad
 If the Left optical unit fails, the Right unit takes over. optical signals are received, node smoothly
switches to internal timing and SSM=14 is sent on
both ports.
HE HE SSM=15
SSM=14 N N SSM=15
L R
L 2 kHz R
SSM=12*
Internally timed SSM=14
Free-run Shelf-timed
* SSM=10 for OC-48 Slide 3-23
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Internally Timed Ring (1)

Normal Condition Headend
Sync Priority = L
HEADEND
OC-48 OC-48
SSM=10 R L
4.6 ppm
SSM=10
SSM=15 2 kHz SSM=10

NODE 1
OC-48 OC-48
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
2 kHz NODE 4
Sync Priority = L NODE 2 clock distribution Sync Priority = L
OC-48 OC-48
R L

OC-48 OC-48
L R
SSM=15 SSM=15
2 kHz

SSM=10 SSM=10
NODE 3

Normal
Sync Priority = L
Slide 3-24

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Internally Timed Ring (2)

When fiber failure is repaired, normal
Fiber Failure Headend timing distribution is re-established
Sync Priority = L seamlessly. Outage of any Normal
node has a similar effect.
HEADEND
OC-48 OC-48
SSM=10 R L
4.6 ppm
SSM=15
SSM=15 2 kHz SSM=10

NODE 1
OC-48 OC-48
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
NODE 2 2 kHz NODE 4
Sync Priority = L clock distribution Sync Priority = L
OC-48 OC-48
R L
LOS

SSM=10
SSM=14 OC-48 OC-48 SSM=10
SSM=15
L R
SSM=10 2 kHz

LOS Interim State

SSM=15
SSM=14 (Right optical unit at
NODE 3 NOTE: MultipleNode
fiber3failures
in “mini-holdover”)
in a
ring system will still allow the nodes
Normal
within each island to continue their
Sync Priority = L
inter-node communications. Slide 3-25
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Internally Timed Ring (3)

Situation shown is for when signal
Headend Headend from Headend is first lost at Node 2.
Outage Sync Priority = L If signal was first lost at Node 4,
Node 2 would provide reference
HEADEND clock. Sync switchover is seamless.
OC-48 OC-48
R L
SSM=10
4.6 ppm
SSM=14
2 kHz SSM=10
LOS SSM=14
NODE 1 LOS

OC-48 OC-48
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
2 kHz NODE 4
Sync Priority = L NODE 2 clock distribution Sync Priority = L
OC-48 OC-48
R L

OC-48 OC-48
L R
SSM=15 SSM=14 2 kHz SSM=14

SSM=15

NODE 3
When Headend is back, it takes some
Normal time for ring to resynchronize.
Sync Priority = L During that time, traffic is lost! Slide 3-26

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Selection Logic – Slave Node (no Ext. Sync)

Node Type = Slave (no Ext Sync Units)
Sync Priority = L
2 kHz Sync Tie (no SSM)

SSM=12 S S SSM=15  Node times from 2kHz sync tie input.

L R
SSM=12
Externally-timed Externally-timed
 Sends SSM=12 in both directions but may be
forced to a user-configurable value.
SSM=12

SSM=14 S S SSM=15
 If 2kHz tie clock is lost, node smoothly goes into
L 2 kHz R internal mode and sends SSM=14 in both
directions…
SSM=14 SSM=14
Free-run Shelf-timed
NOTE: Any forced SSM is overridden when 2 kHz sync tie is lost.

SSM=15 S S SSM=15
 …then keeps checking received SSMs on line
L 2 kHz R ports and if either one is better than 14, acts as a
Normal Node. (This feature is rarely used.)
SSM=12
SSM=12* SSM=12
Line-timed Shelf-timed
(flashing
green LED) * or any SSM<14 received Slide 3-27
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Selection Logic – Slave Node (with Ext. Sync)

Node Type = Slave (with Ext Sync Units)
Sync Priority = L  Online External Sync Unit provides 2kHz clock with
embedded SSM to optical units. Optional standby
Ain Bin/Cin Aout, Bout, Cout (with SSM) unit times from the online unit.
7 x 2kHz Sync Tie (no SSM)
EE  SSM is taken from the selected sync input.
SSM=1 S S SSM=15  Provisionable sync inputs are Ain (framed T1), Bin
2 kHz (framed T1), Cin (intelligent sync tie), Line L and Line
L R R (optics), but can’t have both Bin and Cin
SSM=1 SSM=1 provisioned. It’s important to provision only the
inputs that may be used for timing in the given
Externally-timed Externally-timed application.
 Ain, Bin and Cin can have their associated SSM
Ain Bin/Cin Aout, Bout, Cout (with SSM) forced to any user-selected value. This is used when
7 x 2kHz Sync Tie (no SSM)
either an input does not support SSM or it needs to
EE
SSM=15 SSM=15
be overriden.
S S
2 kHz  The input with best SSM received/forced is used. If
L R best SSM is received on multiple inputs, A and B/C
are prioritized over Line L and Line R, A is prioritized
SSM=1 SSM=1 over B/C, while Line L is prioritized over Line R.
Externally-timed Externally-timed
 Switching between sync inputs is smooth.

Ain Bin/Cin Aout, Bout, Cout (with SSM)

7 x 2kHz Sync Tie (no SSM)
EE
SSM=12 S S SSM=15  If all provisioned inputs are either bad or have SSM
2 kHz worse than 12 (SONET Min Clock), online unit enters
L R Holdover mode and outputs SSM=12 to optics and all
provisioned local outputs (Aout, Bout, and/or Cout).
SSM=12 SSM=12
Externally-timed Externally-timed Slide 3-31

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Selection Logic – CBW-Timed Node

Node Type = CBW Port p (both optics)
Sync Priority = L
From R optics at CBW Tie (with SSM) From L optics at  Used at tie node when NMS tie is not required and
collocated node collocated node no alternate sync tie point exists.
CBW Port p

SSM=12*
SSM=12 CBW CBW SSM=15
 Node is timed from the Left unit’s CBW Port p as long
L R as the SSM is 14 or better. The SSM is forwarded to
both optical inputs unchanged (but SSM=14 converts
SSM=12* SSM=12
SSM=12* to SSM=12).
CBW-Port-p-timed Shelf-timed
* or any SSM<15 received on CBW Port p

CBW Port p

SSM=12*
SSM=12 CBW CBW SSM=15  If CBW Port p input on Left unit is lost, node smoothly
switches its timing to the Right unit’s CBW Port p.
L R
SSM=12* SSM=12*
SSM=12
CBW Port p timed Shelf-timed

CBW Port p
 If CBW Port p input is lost on both units, node goes
SSM=14 CBW CBW SSM=15 into internal mode and sends SSM=14 in both
2 kHz directions. Then keeps checking received SSMs on
L R
the optical ports and if either is better than 14, acts
SSM=14 SSM=14 as a Normal node.
Free-run Shelf-timed Slide 3-39
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Selection Logic – Normal/CBW-Timed Node

Node Type (L/R) = CBW Port p / Normal Node Type (L/R) = Normal / CBW Port P
Sync Priority = L Sync Priority = L
CBW Tie (with SSM) CBW Tie (with SSM)
CBW Port p CBW Port p (usually forced to ST3)
SSM=1 CBW N SSM=15 SSM=15 N CBW SSM=15

L R L 2 kHz R
SSM=1 SSM=1 SSM=1 SSM=1
CBW Port p timed Shelf-timed Line-timed Shelf-timed
 Used at the Primary Tie Node in some dual-homing
applications.  Used at the Secondary Tie Node in some dual-
homing applications.
 Node is timed from the Left unit’s CBW Port p as
long as its SSM is 14 or better. The SSM is  Node is line-timed as long as SSM received from
forwarded to both optical inputs unchanged (but either fiber input is better then SSM on Right unit’s
SSM=14 converts to SSM=12). CBW Port p.
 If CBW Port p input is lost, node goes into internal  If SSMs on both fiber inputs become worse than
mode and sends SSM=14 in both directions. Then SSM on CBW Port p, node starts timing from CBW
keeps checking received SSMs on the optical ports Port p and forwards its SSM to both optical ports.
and if either is better than 14, acts as a Normal Node.
CBW Tie (with SSM)
CBW Port p CBW Port P (usually forced to ST3)
SSM=15 CBW N SSM=15* SSM=10 SSM=15
N CBW
L R L R
SSM=10 SSM=10 SSM=10 SSM=10
Line-timed Shelf-timed Shelf-timed CBW Port p
* SSM=10 if adjacent to secondary tie node timed Slide 3-40

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Typical Dual Homed Rings

GPS
Normal Condition
BITS
Main
Headend 1

EE
Force
Rcv SSM=10
S S N N
SSM=1
1 1 Site A 1 1 SSM=1
L R
CBW-N
N CBW Secondary
Backup
1 Tie
GPS Headend N N Node
N N
E
BITS
E Ring 1 1 1 Ring 2
N 1 N
S S Primary
Force E Intelligent E
E Sync Tie E Tie
Rcv SSM=7 S S Node
CBW-N
R L
SSM=1 1 1 1 1
Site B
N N N N

E = External Sync Unit

= Intelligent Sync Tie
= CBW Tie Cable carrying sync ref.
= CBW Tie Cable carrying no sync ref. Slide 3-41
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Typical Dual Homed Rings

GPS
Fiber Cut
BITS
between R2B’s Main
1
Headend
Right & R2A’s
EE
Left Optical Unit Force
Rcv SSM=10
S S N N
SSM=1
1 1 Site A 1 1 SSM=1
L R
CBW-N
N CBW Secondary
Backup
1 Tie
GPS Headend
N N Node
N N
E
BITS
E Ring 1 1 Ring 2
N 1 N
S S Primary
Force E Intelligent E
E Sync Tie E Tie
Rcv SSM=7 S S Node
CBW-N
R L
SSM=1 1 1 1 1
Site B
N N N N

E = External Sync Unit

= Intelligent Sync Tie
= CBW Tie Cable carrying sync ref.
= CBW Tie Cable carrying no sync ref. Slide 3-42

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Typical Dual Homed Rings

GPS
Fiber Cut
BITS
between R2B’s Main
1
Headend
Left & R2A’s
EE
Right Optical Unit Force
Rcv SSM=10
S S N N
SSM=1
1 1 Site A 1
L R
CBW-N
N CBW Secondary
Backup
1 Tie
GPS Headend N N Node
N N
E
BITS
E Ring 1 1 1 Ring 2
N 1 N
S S Primary
Force E Intelligent E
E Sync Tie E Tie
Rcv SSM=7 S S Node
CBW-N
R L
SSM=1 1 1 1 1 SSM=1
Site B
N N N N

E = External Sync Unit

= Intelligent Sync Tie
= CBW Tie Cable carrying sync ref.
= CBW Tie Cable carrying no sync ref. Slide 3-43
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution – Typical Dual Homed Rings

GPS
Loss of
BITS
Int. Sync Tie Main
1
Headend
or R1B node
EE
outage Force
Rcv SSM=10
S S N N
SSM=1
1 1 Site A 10 10 SSM=10
L R
CBW-N
N CBW Secondary
Backup
1 Tie
GPS Headend
N N Node
N N
E
BITS
E Ring 1 1 10 Ring 2
N N
S S Primary
Force E Intelligent E
E Sync Tie E Tie
Rcv SSM=7 S S Node
CBW-N
R L
SSM=1 1 1 10 10
Site B
N N N N

E = External Sync Unit

= Intelligent Sync Tie
= CBW Tie Cable carrying sync ref.
= CBW Tie Cable carrying no sync ref. Slide 3-44

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Timing in OC-1 & Legacy (86432-0X) OC-3 Networks

 Simple sync messaging scheme
 CLKOK value (True or False) is carried in LSB (bit 8) of S1 byte in TOH
 Indicates whether the OC-N signal is good for timing or not
 Backup Headend and Dual Homing applications are not supported
 One “sync leader” per ring (Headend or Slave). Other nodes are Normal.
 In linear networks, Right-to-Right optical connectivity at Headend and Slave nodes
 Sync Logic at Headend Node:
 Right JMUX unit is Internally timed. Left JMUX unit is shelf timed. Both units output CLKOK=True.
 Left JMUX unit takes over if the Right one is out of service.
 Sync Logic at Normal Node:
 If CLKOK=True on Left fiber input: Left JMUX unit is Line timed; Right JMUX unit is Shelf timed
 If CLKOK=False (or bad signal) on Left fiber input AND good signal on Right fiber input:
Right JMUX unit is Line timed, Left JMUX unit is Shelf timed
 If CLKOK=False (or bad signal) on Left fiber input AND bad signal on Right fiber input: Right JMUX unit is
Internally timed, Left JMUX unit is Shelf timed
 Only Line timed unit is outputting CLKOK=False on its fiber output.
 Sync Logic at Slave Node:
 Used when node is timed through either 2 kHz Sync Tie or External Sync Units.
 Normally, both Left and Right JMUX units are Shelf timed. Both units output CLKOK=True.
 If 2 kHz shelf clock is lost: Right JMUX is Free Running, Left JMUX is Shelf timed (also Free Running @ OC-1).
Both units output CLKOK=False.
 If installed legacy 86480-01 External Sync unit is in ‘Holdover’, Right JMUX starts outputting CLKOK=False.
Slide 3-45
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution in OC-1 and Legacy OC-3 Rings

Normal Condition
Headend
HEADEND
OC-1 OC-1
CLKOK=True R L CLKOK=True
4.6 ppm

CLKOK=False 2 kHz CLKOK=True

NODE 1
OC-1 OC-1
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
NODE 2 2 kHz NODE 4
clock distribution
OC-1 OC-1
R L
Normal
OC-1 OC-1
L R
CLKOK=False CLKOK=False
2 kHz

CLKOK=True CLKOK=True
NODE 3

Slide 3-46

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution in OC-1 and Legacy OC-3 Rings

When fiber failure is repaired, normal
timing distribution is re-established
Fiber Failure seamlessly. Outage of any Normal
node has a similar effect.
Headend
OC-1 OC-1
CLKOK=True R L CLKOK=False
4.6 ppm

CLKOK=False CLKOK=True

NODE 1
OC-1 OC-1
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
NODE 2 2 kHz NODE 4
clock distribution
OC-1 OC-1
R L
LOS
Normal
CLKOK=True OC-1 OC-1 CLKOK=True
CLKOK=False
L R
CLKOK=True 2 kHz
LOS
CLKOK=False

NODE 3 NOTE: Multiple fiber failures in a

ring system will still allow the nodes
within each island to continue their
inter-node communications. Slide 3-47
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Distribution in OC-1 and Legacy OC-3 Rings

If Headend is out of service, Normal
node connected to Headend’s Left
Headend Outage JMUX unit takes over and provides
Headend clock reference for all Normal nodes.
OC-1 OC-1
R L
CLKOK=True
4.6 ppm
CLKOK=True
CLKOK=True
LOS CLKOK=True
NODE 1 LOS

OC-1 OC-1
L Denotes the fiber R
Normal used for reference 2 kHz Normal
NODE 2 2 kHz NODE 4
clock distribution
OC-1 OC-1
R L
Normal
OC-1 OC-1
L R
CLKOK=False CLKOK=True 2 kHz CLKOK=True

CLKOK=False

NODE 3
When Headend is back, it takes some
time for ring to resynchronize. During
that time, traffic is lost! Slide 3-48

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Synchronizing T1 Multiplexers
 All multiplexers involved in originating, terminating or cross-
connecting individual DS0 circuits must be synchronized
 A T1MX node can time either internally or from a T1/Optic input
 A T1MX network “attached” to a SONET network times from the
SONET network
 In a standalone T1 multiplexer network, one T1 multiplexer is
designated “sync master”. The master is timed either internally
or from an external BITS source (GPS). All other T1 multiplexers
are “slaves”, i.e. timed from T1 inputs traceable to the master.
 Multiple T1/Optic inputs can be provisioned for timing. Their
timing priority is user-configurable.
 Clock is taken from the highest-priority T1/Optic input available
 If all inputs provisioned for timing are lost, the node times internally
 To prevent timing loops in various failure scenarios, EXTREME CAUTION
must be exercised when multiple T1/Optic inputs are provisioned for timing!
 Typically, only one T1/Optic input is provisioned for timing
 Provisioning multiple T1/Optic inputs for timing is usually safe only when
“parallel” T1/Optic links traceable to the Master are fed to the node

Slide 3-49
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Synchronizing Standalone T1MX Networks (1)

 Point-to-point
Priority 1

T1MX T1MX T1MX T1MX

Master Master
Priority 1 Priority 2

 Linear

T1MX T1MX T1MX

Master
Priority 1 Don’t Use Priority 1

Clock Distribution
Slide 3-50

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Synchronizing Standalone T1MX Networks (2)

 Tree Topology
T1MX
T1MX
T1MX

T1MX

T1MX T1MX
Master T1MX
T1MX
T1MX
T1MX T1MX

T1MX T1MX

T1MX
NOTE:
 T1MX rings are not allowed.
 For proper NMS operation, max 20 T1/Optic hops between any two T1MX nodes are allowed.
Slide 3-51
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Synchronizing Standalone T1MX Networks (3)

 T1 Link “Tunneled” through SONET Backbone
SONET Master
OC-48 OC-48
Standby T1 Path ADM ADM
SONET Ring

OC-48 OC-48 OC-48

ADM ADM ADM
Online T1 Path

T1MX T1MX

T1MX
T1MX T1MX T1MX
Master

NOTE: If T1MX-originated T1 links are “tunneled” through SONET,

the SONET and T1MX networks are independently timed.

Yes, this is also considered a standalone T1MX network!

Slide 3-52

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Synchronizing “Attached” T1MX Networks

Attached = DS0 circuits are individually routed from T1MX to/through SONET nodes!

T1MX

SONET
Master
OC-48 OC-48
ADM ADM
JungleMUX SONET Ring
OC-48 OC-48 OC-48
ADM ADM ADM

CDAX installed
at JungleMUX
T1MX T1MX SONET node

DS0 circuit

T1MX T1MX T1MX

NOTE: If T1MX-originated DS0 circuits are individually routed through

SONET network, the T1MX nodes must be timed from SONET! Slide 3-53
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

What constitutes an NMS Domain (I)

 Nodes within the same SONET ring/linear system belong to the same NMS domain if
they are configured to use the same NMS overhead bytes.
 All nodes within NMS domain are visible from any of its Service Units.

DCC1,DCC2,DCC3 DCC1,DCC2,DCC3

Node A Node A

DCC1, DCC1, DCC1, DCC1,

DCC2, JungleMUX DCC2, DCC2, JungleMUX DCC2,
Node D Ring Node B Node D Ring Node B
DCC3 DCC3 DCC3 DCC3

Node C Node C
DCC1,DCC2,DCC3 DCC1,DCC2,DCC9

Node C is invisible
from other nodes!

Slide 3-55

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

What constitutes an NMS Domain (II)

Use NMS Location = POH when the local ring/linear system includes…

…at least one microwave radio hop or at least one foreign SONET node
R3,R4,R5 R3,R4,R5

Node A Node A

R3, R3, R3,

R4, JungleMUX R4, R4, JungleMUX
Node D Ring Node B Node D Ring
R5 R5 R5
Foreign
SONET
node

Node C Node C
R3,R4,R5 R3,R4,R5

Slide 3-56
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

What constitutes an NMS Domain (III)

 NMS domain can be extended across multiple SONET ring/linear systems using
NMS-Tie cables

Node A Node E

NMS Tie
Node D JungleMUX Node B Node H JungleMUX Node F
Ring 1 Ring 2

Node C Node F

 Within each ring, all nodes must be set as…

or

Must match
between tied
rings!
Slide 3-57

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

What constitutes an NMS Domain (IV)

 All contiguous T1MX nodes interconnected by T1 links with provisioned NMS
channel belong to the same NMS domain (CDAX group, CDAX cluster)
 All T1MX nodes are visible from any CDAX unit within the group
T1
CH 3
CH 4 CH 12
Foreign T-carrier/SONET
T1 T1
system or network
(used for T1 “tunneling”) C C C C

T1 T1MX T1MX
CH 2
C CH 4 T1 ‘Optic T1’ CH 1
C CH 8 CH 3

C C CH 8 C C
T1MX
T1MX T1MX
T1
CH 1 CH 2 CH 12

C C
C CDAX Unit
T1MX
CDAX Paddleboard
T1 Link (Electrical or Optical) Slide 3-58
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

What constitutes an NMS Domain (V)

 CDAX groups attached to JMUX SONET rings are visible from SONET nodes
 SONET nodes are not visible from within attached CDAX groups

CH 20
CDAX Group #1 CH 7

T1 C
CH 20 C T1MX
CH 9 CH 12
CH 7
T1
C C C C C C
T1
CDAX Group #2 T1MX T1MX
CH 6 CH 6
CH 2 JungleMUX CH 7
C C CH 7 T1 CH 7
CH 9 SONET C T1
C CH 9 CH 9
CH 20 Ring C C C C

T1MX T1MX
Foreign T1
C C T-carrier/SONET
system or network
CH 6
C C CH 6 CH 12
CH 11
CH 11 CH 2
Foreign T1MX C CDAX Unit
Channel CDAX Paddleboard
Bank T1 Link Slide 3-59

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

NMS Ties between SUs / IPSUs

 Require use of either 2 kHz Sync Tie or Intelligent Sync Tie
 No redundant NMS Tie sites between rings
 NMS domain can consist of max 100 JungleMUX SONET Nodes
JMUX JMUX

NMS Tie
HE JMUX JungleMUX JMUX JMUX JungleMUX JMUX
Ring 1 Ring 2
2 kHz Sync Tie or
Intelligent Sync Tie
JMUX JMUX

SU or IPSU
JMUX
2 kHz Sync Tie or JMUX
Int. Sync Tie
HE JMUX JungleMUX JMUX
Ring 1 JungleMUX
NMS JMUX JMUX
Ring 2
2 kHz Tie
JMUX Sync JMUX JMUX
Tie
JungleMUX
Ring 3 JMUX
JMUX
Slide 3-60
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

NMS Ties between CSSU units

 Do not require Sync Tie or Intelligent Sync Tie as long as the tied rings are timed from
the same clock (e.g. GPS)
 Redundant NMS Tie sites between rings are allowed
 NMS domain can consist of 250 JungleMUX SONET nodes (if only CSSUs are used)

JMUX JMUX

JMUX JMUX
NMS Tie
GPS JMUX JungleMUX JungleMUX JMUX GPS
Ring 1 Ring 2
NMS Tie
JMUX JMUX

JMUX JMUX

CSSU
CBW Tie (with sync)
JMUX JMUX

JMUX JMUX
NMS Tie
HE JMUX JungleMUX JungleMUX JMUX
Ring 1 Ring 2
NMS Tie
JMUX JMUX

JMUX JMUX
CBW Tie (with sync)
Slide 3-61

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Sync Ties
SYNC Phase SSM From To Cable Dir Dual
Hmg
2kHz  Shelf (P37) Shelf (P37) 035-86430-82 (36”) ►
Sync Tie Sync Dist. Assy (86430/D) 035-86430-81 (60”)
Ext Sync Unit p/b (TB3) 035-86430-80 (130”)
Intelligent   Ext Sync Unit p/b (RJ45) Ext Sync Shielded Xover CAT-5 ► 1)
Sync Tie p/b (RJ45) (up to 33 ft) (◄)

CBW Tie  CBW port CBW port 40-wire flat IDC (Note 2) ► 
(n/a to OC-1 & old OC-3) (n/a to OC-1 035-86430-71 (4 ft)
& old OC-3) 035-86430-72 (5 ft)
035-86430-73 (6 ft)
035-86430-74 (7 ft)
035-86430-75 (8 ft)
BITSout –  Ext Sync p/b (Aout/Bout) Ext Sync Balanced pair ≤ 655 ft) ► 4)
BITSin Tie p/b (Ain/Bin) (standard T1 link)
CDAX T1 CDAX p/b at SONET node Ext Sync Balanced pair ≤ 655 ft) ►
Tie (port in T1 mode) p/b (Ain/Bin) (standard T1 link)
(Note 3)

NOTES:
1) Can be used at Primary Tie Site only.
2) Max IDC cable length depends on CBW port mode (CBW-3: 10 ft, CBW-4: 8 ft, CBW-6: 6 ft, CBW-12: 4 ft, CBW-24: 3 ft)
3) Requires use of 035-86486-01 cable assembly.
4) Practically not used for Dual Homing because CBW-Tie can be used instead (less expensive). Slide 3-62
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

NMS and Orderwire/Partyline Tie Links

NMS Sync Phase From To Cable Redundant NMS
Req’d Req’d Tie (Dual Hmg)
Between   JPM on JPS on 035-86430-40 (2 ft) (NOTE)
SU/IPSU’s SU/IPSU p/b SU/IPSU p/b 035-86430-41 (2.5 ft)
035-86430-42 (3 ft)
035-86430-43 (3.5 ft)
035-86430-44 (4 ft)
035-86430-45 (5 ft)
035-86430-46 (6 ft)
035-86430-47 (12 ft)
Between  JPM on JPS on Same as above 
CSSU’s CSSU p/b CSSU p/b

OW / PL Sync From To Cable Redund’t OW/PL

Req’d Tie (Dual Hmg)
Orderwire TB2 (pin 5/6/7/8) on TB2 (pin 1/2/3/4) on AWG 22-24 wire
Tie Orderwire p/b Orderwire p/b
Partyline TB2 (pin 5/6/7/8) on TB2 (pin 1/2/3/4) on AWG 22-24 wire
Tie Partyline p/b Partyline p/b

NOTE: In dual homing applications, NMS-Tie can be established only at Primary Tie Site if Intelligent Sync Tie is used.
Slide 3-63

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

Traffic Ties
Traffic Sync Phase Capacity From/To Cable De- Dual
Req’d Req’d lay Hmg
VT Tie   1 x VT JIF-Share / CDAX p/b 035-86430-76 (3 ft) L
(or legacy JIF-Tie p/b) 035-86430-77 (5 ft)
CBW Tie  Up to 28 VTs CBW port 40-wire flat IDC (Note 2) L 
and/or many1 (n/a to OC-1 & old OC-3) 035-86430-71 (4 ft)
STS-1 SPEs 035-86430-72 (5 ft)
035-86430-73 (6 ft)
035-86430-74 (7 ft)
035-86430-75 (8 ft)
SPE Tie   1 x STS-1 SPE SPE port on old OC-3 40-wire flat IDC (≤10 ft) L
(or CBW Port in SPE-Tie See above.
mode on new OC-3/12/48)
CDAX T1  Up to 24 DS0’s CDAX p/b at SONET T1: Balanced pair ≤ 655 ft H
Tie node (port in T1/Optic Optic: Depends on SFP
mode) transceiver used

Baseband 4) Baseband Respective interface Interface dependent H

Ties3) unit p/b

NOTES:
1) Exact max number of bulk STS-1 SPEs that can be tied via CBW Tie link depends on JMUX unit type & selected CBW mode.
2) Max IDC cable length depends on CBW port mode (CBW-3: 10 ft, CBW-4: 8 ft, CBW-6: 6 ft, CBW-12: 4 ft, CBW-24: 3 ft)
3) Popular for tying Ethernet. N/A to CDR units.
4) Sync required for 64 kb/s, Nx64 kb/s and synchronous 56 kb/s circuits. Slide 3-64
 GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

CBW Port Modes (CBW = Configurable BandWidth)

Mode Capacity Max OC-3 OC-3 OC-12 OC-48 2 kHz Sync / Notes
Cable JMUX JMUX JMUX JMUX Int. Sync Tie
Length (Old) (New) Needed
Used when connected
VT-Drop 28 x VT 10 ft √ √ √ √ -
to SPE-JIF unit
Used when connected
SPE-Drop 1 x STS-1 SPE 10 ft √ √ √ √ -
to DS3 Mapper*

VT-Tie 28 x VT 10 ft √ √ √ √ √ Referred to as SPE Tie

links. Used when tying
to old OC-3 only.
SPE-Tie 1 x STS-1 SPE 10 ft √ √ √ √ √
Cannot pass ref. clock.
3 x STS-1 SPE,
CBW-3 10 ft - - √ - -
28 x VT + 2 x STS-1 SPE
Used for dropping traffic
4 x STS-1 SPE, to STS-1 SPE level
CBW-4 8 ft - √ √ √ -
28 x VT + 3 x SPE units or tying traffic.
6 x STS-1 SPE,
CBW-6 6 ft - - √ √ - When used for tying,
28 x VT + 5 x STS-1 SPE
referred to as CBW Tie
12 x STS-1 SPE, links. Can pass
CBW-12 4 ft - - √ √ -
28 x VT + 11 x STS-1 SPE reference clock along
with traffic.
24 x STS-1 SPE,
CBW-24 3 ft - - - √ -
28 x VT + 23 x STS-1 SPE

* Also used when connected to VMapper-40 unit (discontinued) or ETHER-100 unit (at nodes with old OC-3 JMUX units).
Slide 3-65

GE Digital Energy
Lentronics JungleMUX Training

CA86499

Ethernet Baseband Tie 035-86430-4X

CA86499 (Sheet 1) lists
cable assemblies used
with JungleMUX.
Flat, 8-wire ribbon (non-keyed) 2 – 12 ft

035-86430-8X
Crossover at one end! 035-86430-76 /-77
Straight Crossover

1 – 5 ft Flat, 40-wire IDC cable

035-86430-7X (3 – 83ft)/
3 – 20 ft
5 / 11 ft

Slide 3-66