Shaping The Way We Teach English

SHAPING THE WAY WE TEACH ENGLISH 2 PATHS TO SUCCESS IN EFL .
Feedback — Week 1 Pre-viewing Knowledge

CheckHelp Center submitted this quiz on Fri 11 Dec 2015 8:38 PM PST.
You got a score of 15.00out of 15.00.
Directions: Check your knowledge of the ideas and vocabulary in this section. This quick
quiz will not count toward your grade, but it will help you get ready to look at the video and
the readings for this week.
Question 1
Authentic tasks and materials are . . .
Your Answer Score Explanation
Made by teachers for classroom use.
Created by language students for classroom use.
Created especially for language learners.
Used in real life, outside the classroom. Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Question Explanation
Authentic tasks or activities are those used in the “real” world by native speakers for actual
communication needs. Teachers can have learners do simulated or “semi-authentic” tasks
for practice or for real world application.
Question 2
Which of these are the primary receptive skills?
Speaking and pronunciation
Grammar and vocabulary use
Reading and writing
Listening and reading Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00
The primary skills are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Listening and reading are
receptive skills.
Question 3
Which of the following are primary productive skills?
Grammar and pronunciation
Listening and speaking
Reading and writing

Speaking and writing Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00
The primary skills are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Speaking and writing are
productive skills.
Question 4
What are some of the sub-skills required by language learners?
All of the options are correct. Correct 1.00
Vocabulary use
Pronunciation
Grammar
Total 1.00 / 1.00
The sub-skills such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary use, spelling, etc., contribute to
success with the primary skills.
Question 5
Non-verbal skills include ...

Body language, such as facial expressions and Correct 1.00
gestures.
Timelines and mind-mapping.
Vocabulary retention.
Total Physical Response.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Body language, such as facial expressions and gestures, varies by culture and is important
in communicating appropriately with speakers of a language.
Question 6
Brainstorming is . . .
A branch of psycholinguistics.
A process to suggest a lot of ideas quickly. Correct 1.00
A type of psychological event.
A serious neurological illness.
Total 1.00 / 1.00

Brainstorming is an activity where participants suggest a lot of ideas quickly without giving
each a lot of thought. Brainstorming is usually in groups and in preparation for a future
activity, such as writing a paper, developing a play script, or creating a project.
Question 7
What does communicative competence refer to?
Using real communicative purposes as the basis for

instruction.
The ability to pass tests easily .
The ability to communicate for meaningful purposes. Correct 1.00
Using media like radio to learn a language.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Communicative competence is the ability to communicate in a target language for

meaningful purposes. Such an ability requires the use of language skills together in social
interactions.
Question 8
What does content-based instruction require?

Teachers studying subjects outside of their domain.
Students working on math lessons in math class.
Using content to structure lessons around themes or Correct 1.00

topics.
Being happy about the way teaching and learning are

performed.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Content-based instruction uses content (often subject-area material, such as math or

science) to structure curriculum or lessons around central themes or topics.
Question 9
Why are graphic organizers such as diagrams and timelines used in language instruction?
They help students remember lessons and the language Correct 1.00
used.
Pictures can help students who can’t yet read.
Students enjoy drawing and painting.
Students need a break from the more abstract parts of

grammar.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Graphic organizers are visual maps of information, such as graphs, semantic webs,
timelines, diagrams, story maps, etc. Graphic organizers help learners understand and
retain information.
Question 10
Why is it important to use integrated skills in language lessons?
Each skill will later be tested individually.
Using each skill may make students neglect grammar,

vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Each skill can be both productive and receptive.
Each skill helps to reinforce the others, making learning Correct 1.00
easier.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Integrated skills are language skills (reading, writing, speaking, etc.) used together for
communication. Each skill helps reinforce the other, and makes learning and retaining
language faster and easier.
Question 11
Why is task-based learning important?
Learners working together to solve a problem will learn

language better.
Students creating a project will remember vocabulary

better.
Learning occurs through social activity while

completing a task.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Task-based learning is an approach in which learners work together to solve a problem,

complete a task, or create a product. Learning occurs through social activity.
Question 12
What is language retention?
Remembering language over a period of time, not just Correct 1.00

for immediate recall.
Trying to memorize vocabulary consistently.
Learning the most difficult and advanced parts of

language.
Working at a project that helps language learning.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Language retention refers to remembering or storing language mentally over a period of

time so that it can be used when needed.
Question 13
Pragmatics is important for students to study because . . .
It is necessary in becoming a language teacher.
It helps them learn the practical aspects of grammar.
It is needed for learning vocabulary and pronunciation.
It helps describe the social and cultural aspects of Correct 1.00

language.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Pragmatics is the study of social and cultural aspects of language use. Students need to
know not only the mechanics of using language, but also where, when, and with whom to
use what forms of the language.
Question 14
What is rote memorization?
The understanding of a text during extensive reading

outside of class.
Learning something by repetition without gaining a Correct 1.00

deep understanding.
Reciting a lesson correctly in class.
The complete understanding of a text during intensive

reading.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Rote memorization is the process of learning something by repeating without necessarily

gaining a deep understanding of it.
Question 15
Our video mentioned a teaching approach called Total Physical Response or TPR, and
TPR-Storytelling. This approach includes ...

Physical movement.
The use of commands to introduce new vocabulary .
Storytelling with oral performance.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching approach that combines language
learning with physical movement, initially based on commands. TPR-Storytelling (TPR-S)
adds the additional component of oral performance.
Question 16
We hope that you have found this pre-check useful. After you submit your answers, you
can see why answers were correct or incorrect. Use this guide as you look at your score.
90% or more -- you’re ready for this week! Please go on to the video and readings.
50% - 89% -- you already have a good idea of what this subject is about. Please
take a moment to review the definitions in the question explanation, then go on to
the video and readings.
49% or less - you are in the right course to learn more about this topic. Please take
a moment to review the definitions in the question explanation, then go on to the
video and readings.
Total 0.00 / 0.00
GLOSSARY
Authentic tasks: Tasks or activities that are used in the “real” world for actual
communication needs. Teachers can have learners do simulated or “semi-authentic” tasks
for practice or for real world application.
Brainstorming: An activity to suggest a lot of ideas quickly without giving each a lot of
thought, usually in groups and in preparation for a future activity.
Communicative competence: The ability to communicate in a target language for

meaningful purposes. Such an ability requires the use of language skills together in social
interaction.
Content-based instruction: The use of content, often from subject-matter areas such as
math or science, to structure curriculum or lessons around central themes or topics.
Graphic organizers: Visual maps of information, such as graphs, semantic webs,

timelines, diagrams, story maps, etc. that help learners understand and retain information.
Integrated skills: Language skills (reading, writing, speaking, etc.) used together for
communication.
Language retention: The remembering or storing language mentally over a period of time
so that it can be used when needed.
Non-verbal skills: Body language such as facial expressions and gestures.
Pragmatics: Social and cultural aspects of language use.
Primary language skills: Reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Productive skills: The primary skills of speaking and writing.
Receptive skills: The primary skills of listening and reading.
Rote memorization: The process of learning something by repeating without necessarily

gaining a deep understanding.
Sub-skills: Skills such as pronunciation, vocabulary use, spelling, etc. that contribute to
success with the primary skills.
Tangible: A tangible item is something real that can be seen or touched. Intangible is the
opposite.
Task-based learning: An approach in which learners work together to solve a problem,

complete a task, or create a product. Learning occurs through social activity.
Total Physical Response (TPR); TPR-Storytelling (TPR-S): Total Physical Response

(TPR) is a language teaching approach that combines language learning with physical
movement, initially based on commands. TPR-Storytelling (TPR-S) adds the additional
component of oral performance.
Feedback — Week 1 Quiz: Integrating Skills -

Children/Young LearnersHelp Center
You submitted this quiz on Fri 11 Dec 2015 9:15 PM PST. You got a
score of 6.00out of 10.00. You can attempt again, if you'd like.
These questions are based on the required reading assignment ("First Road to Learning")
and the video about integrating skills. This quiz is counted toward your final grade. Feel
free to use your notes from the video and the reading as you answer the questions.
This is a summative assessment, providing a grade. Be sure you are ready to take the quiz.
You can take the quiz twice, but you will lose 20% if you retake the quiz.
Question 1
What are the main advantages of using content-based materials?
They motivate students and can help them remember

vocabulary.
They motivate students and help structure language

learning.
They offer rich resources for learning language and

understanding culture.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Content-based materials motivate students. They also help structure language learning and
offer rich resources for learning language and understanding culture.
Question 2
Why is communicative competence important in modern language teaching?
Students will be able to use media like the radio to learn

a language.
Communicative competence makes it easier for students

to pass tests.
Communicative language teaching is an important

teaching method.
Communicating for meaningful purposes is the goal of Correct 1.00

language learning.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Communicative competence is at the heart of why people learn language - to be able to

communicate effectively and meaningfully with other people.
Question 3
Why are graphic organizers helpful aids in teaching language?
Pictures can help students who can’t yet read.
Students need a break from the more abstract parts of

grammar.
Students enjoy drawing and painting.
They help students remember lessons and the language Correct 1.00
used.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Graphic organizers make language lessons and language more visible and more
structured, thus more memorable.
Question 4
Why is it important to use integrated skills in language lessons?
Each skill can be both productive and receptive.
Each skill helps to reinforce the others, making learning Correct 1.00
easier.
Using each skill may make students neglect grammar,

vocabulary, and pronunciation.
Each skill will later be tested individually.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
When skills are integrated, each skill helps to reinforce the others. It makes learning easier
and more memorable.
Question 5
Why is it important to use tasks and projects in language teaching?
Students creating a project will remember vocabulary

better.
Learning occurs through social activity while

completing a task.
Learners working together to solve a problem will learn

language better.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Tasks and projects enhance language learning. The social activity in solving a problem and
completing a group task motivates students, and students remember vocabulary better
when it is in context and part of a project that they have created.
Question 6
What are some non-verbal skills that might be included in teaching language?
Timelines and graphic organizers.

Total Physical Response (TPR).
Body language, such as head-nodding and gestures. Correct 1.00
Vocabulary retention.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Body language is an important non-verbal skill. It includes movements such as head

nodding and gestures.
Question 7
What kinds of stories can be used with young learners?
Fables and folktales from other Inorrect 0.00 That's true, but it's not the best
cultures. answer.
Stories made up by the teacher.
Stories made up by the students.
All of the options are correct.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
Young learners like a range of stories, including fables and folktales, stories that the
teacher created, and stories created by other learners.
Question 8
According to the reading, which of the following is NOT a good way to use stories?
Orally chanting the story to get a sense of Inorrect 0.00 That's a GOOD idea, not a
the rhythm. bad idea.
Retelling or rewriting the story by

students.
Reading only once so the stories are fresh

each time.
Acting out stories or using Total Physical

Response with them.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
It's best for language learning if students encounter a story repeatedly. This can be by
reading it multiple times, acting it out, chanting the story, retelling it, or otherwise repeating
or manipulating the story.
Question 9
According to the reading, what is an important problem with stories on the television or
radio?
Stories on television or radio aren’t

as good as local folktales.
These stories are often divorced from

the past and from the students' own
culture.
Students won’t learn to read and Inorrect 0.00 No, TV and radio can be good
write if they see and hear television or sources of language material.
radio.
Students’ parents may not want their

children to watch television .
Total 0.00 /
1.00
Many stories on the television or radio are disconnected from important elements in
students' own culture, and from the past. Students benefit from being grounded in their own
culture.
Question 10
What is an important reason to use storytelling to teach language?
Real life stories or true stories can’t often

be used in classrooms.
Teachers can focus on grammar while

students are telling stories.
Stories can lead to cross-cultural

understanding.
Telling stories is a lot of fun for teachers. Inorrect 0.00 That's not the best answer.
Think again.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
Storytelling often gives insight into culture, and so using storytelling can help learners
understand other cultures more easily.

CheckHelp Center
You submitted this quiz on Sat 12 Dec 2015 12:00 PM PST. You got a
Check your knowledge of the ideas and vocabulary in this section. This quick quiz will not
count toward your grade, but it will help you get ready to look at the video and the readings
for this week.
Question 1
What is formative assessment?
All of the answers are correct.
A formal evaluation.
Tests given at the end of the term.
An informal process to see the learner’s progress. Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Formative assessment takes place during the process of learning, as opposed to at the
end. The purpose is to provide feedback, which helps the learning process. Formative
assessment can be relatively informal.
Question 2
What is summative assessment?
Formal testing or evaluation at the end of a learning period. Correct 1.00
A journal that sums up the day’s activities.
An informal evaluation to see learning progress.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Summative assessment is formal testing or evaluation at the end of a learning period to

measure what a student has learned. The student may or may not receive feedback on
his/her work.
Question 3
In peer evaluation or peer assessment ...
Learners find out how they did at the end

of a class.
Learners evaluate each other's work.
All of the answers are correct. Inorrect 0.00 No, only one of the answers is
correct.
The teacher assesses learning progress for

the whole class.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
In peer evaluation or assessment, learners evaluate each other’s work, using pre-set
guidelines, such as a rubric.
Question 4
Learner conferences or interviews give teachers and students a chance to . . .
Discover any problems or situations that hinder learning.
All of the answers are correct. Correct 1.00

Assess the learner’s standing in the class.
Set goals and expectations together.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
One-on-one sessions between the learner and the instructor allow learners to assess their
own standing in the class, using previously set criteria, and determine goals and
expectations together with the instructor, who may also uncover any hindrances to learning.
Question 5
What is an example of performance assessment?
Assessment of oral or written work.
Assessment of an essay.
Assessment of a play.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Performance assessment is the evaluation of how students actually perform - do an activity

- on an oral or written task.
Question 6
Learning journals are used ...
By teachers to keep a record of their students’ reading.
By students to keep a record of their own learning experiences Correct 1.00

and progress.
By teachers to keep a record of their students’ grades.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
In learning journals, students keep a daily or weekly written entry in which they reflect on
their own learning experiences and progress.
Question 7
What is a rubric?
A chart with criteria and levels of quality. Correct 1.00
A math test for language learners.

A language puzzle.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
A rubric is a set of standards or criteria that establish how a performance will be evaluated.
It is usually given as a chart describing levels of quality from poor to excellent. A rubric can
also be used to plan a project or performance.
Question 8
Self-assessment or self-evaluation is a process in which . . .
Students give each other marks on performances.
Students evaluate their own work using pre-set criteria. Correct 1.00
Teachers give students scores on their tests.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Self-assessment or self-evaluation is a reflective process in which learners determine the

quality of their own work based on pre-set criteria.
Question 9
Learner portfolios are used to ...
Systematically evaluate a collection of the learner’s work over Correct 1.00

time.
Hold the teacher’s records.
Keep track of articles and other readings.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
A portfolio is a systematic collection of a learner’s work over a period of time. It

demonstrates learner progress and is evaluated according to pre-set criteria.
Question 10
Students use learning logs to ...
Keep track of their English use during a term.
Track their development or progress over time.
Keep a record of their activities during English class.

Total 1.00 / 1.00
A learning log is a written account in which learners keep track of their own English use,
activities, and progress through the term. It is similar to a learning journal, though a log is
often more abbreviated. A journal generally includes the learner's reflection on his/her work.
Question 11
take a moment to review the definitions below, then go on to the video and
readings.
video and readings.
Total 0.00 / 0.00
QUICK VOCABULARY REVIEW
Formative assessment - A relatively informal evaluation that takes place during the
process of learning, as opposed to at the end. The purpose is to provide feedback, which
helps the learning process
Learner conferences or interviews - One-on-one sessions between the learner and the
instructor. Learners assess their own standing in the class, using previously set criteria,
and determine goals and expectations together with the instructor.
Learning journal - Daily or weekly writing entries by learners in which they reflect on their
own learning experiences and progress.
Learning log - A written account in which learners keep track of their own English use,
activities, and progress through the term.
Peer evaluation or assessment - Learners evaluate each other’s work, using pre-set
guidelines.
Performance assessment - Evaluation of performance on an oral or written task.
Portfolio - A systematic collection of a learner’s work over a period of time. It demonstrates

learner progress and is evaluated according to pre-set criteria.
Rubric - A set of standards or criteria that establish how a performance will be evaluated. It
is usually given as a checklist or chart describing levels of quality from poor to excellent. A
rubric can also be used to plan a project or performance.
Self-assessment or self-evaluation - A reflective process in which learners evaluate their

own work based on pre-set criteria.
Summative assessment - Formal testing or evaluation at the end of a learning period to

measure what a student has learned.
Feedback — Week 2 Quiz: Alternative

Assessment - Children/Young LearnersHelp Center
These questions are based on the required reading assignment and the video about
alternative assessment. This quiz is counted toward your final grade. Feel free to use your
notes from the video and the reading as you answer the questions.
This is a summative assessment, providing a grade. Be sure you are ready to take the quiz.
You can take the quiz twice, but you will lose 20% if you retake the quiz.
Question 1
What is cooperative learning?

An instructional strategy to help students work with

international counterparts.
A teaching method to help establish world peace.
An instructional strategy that utilizes group work to structure Correct 1.00

classroom activities.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
In cooperative learning, group work is used to structure classroom activities. Students work
together to achieve instructional objectives.
Question 2
What is alternative assessment?
A demonstration of teaching approaches and strategies.
An evaluation of specific grammatical points students have

mastered.
A demonstration of new classroom techniques.
An evaluation of how learners use language for actual Correct 1.00

purposes.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Alternative assessment looks at how learners use language for real purposes, not just for
classroom tests and isolated single-skill tasks.
Question 3
Why is alternative assessment a valid choice for assessing student progress?
It uses multiple sources of evidence (notes, checklists, audio,

video, etc.)
It provides documentation of student work.
It is based on day-to-day activities.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Alternative assessment is a valid measure of student progress because it is based on daily

activities, documents student work, and offers multiple sources of evidence.
Question 4
Alternative assessment can ...

Directly display a learner’s progress to others.
Increase motivation.
Demonstrate in action what students have learned.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Alternative assessment can be a powerful tool to increase motivation, demonstrate what

students have learned through action/performance, and directly display the learner's
progress to others.
Question 5
What are heterogeneous groups?
Groups placed in separate classrooms.
Groups of students of different ages or abilities. Correct 1.00
Groups from outside the school who assist the teacher.
Total 1.00 / 1.00

Heterogeneous groups are created by grouping students who are different ages and/or
have different proficiency levels or other abilities.
Question 6
Why is it important to use alternative assessment with collaborative projects?
Students can assist in peer evaluations of each other. Correct 1.00
Students can be kept busy while the teacher performs other

classroom duties.
Students can determine their own grade.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Peer evaluation is a form of alternative assessment that is very useful in collaborative

projects, since it gives students a clear role in encouraging good group work and in
assessing each other.
Question 7
Students can help evaluate each other by...
Correcting each other's homework using a Inorrect 0.00 That's true, but it's not the
form provided by the teacher. best answer.
Helping to edit each other's compositions in

pairs.
Using checklists and rubrics for peer

evaluation.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
There are many ways that students can help evaluate each other, including peer evaluation
with checklists and rubrics, correcting each other's homework with guidance from the
teacher, and peer editing of compositions.
Question 8
What is a rubric?
A standardized test.
A set of criteria used to evaluate student work. Correct 1.00
A set of red marks on a corrected paper.

Total 1.00 / 1.00
A rubric is a set of criteria used to evaluate student work, usually set up as a grid with
criteria and levels of performance for each criterion.
Question 9
One important aspect of alternative assessment is ...
All of the options are

correct.
Provision of computers for Inorrect 0.00 That might be useful, but it's not an important
adaptive tests. element of alternative assessment.
The teacher’s instructions

and expectations.
A strict atmosphere.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
The teacher plays an important role in alternative assessment. Clear instructions and
expectations are an essential component of appropriate use of alternative assessment.
Question 10
Alternative assessment includes the use of ...
Learning journals.
Teacher-student conferences.
Self-recordkeeping, such as learning logs.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Alternative assessment includes the use of learning journals, teacher-student conferences,

and record-keeping by students about their own progress.

CheckHelp Center
Check your knowledge of the ideas and vocabulary in this section. This quick quiz will not
count toward your grade, but it will help you get ready to look at the video and the readings
for this week.
Question 1
What is differentiated instruction?
Teachers follow the curriculum exactly as written, making sure

everyone does the homework.
Teachers instruct different students at different times.
Teachers respond to differences in learners to create a good Correct 1.00

experience for each one.
Teachers use different handouts in each class session.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
In differentiated instruction, teachers plan the lesson so that they take into account learner
differences, enabling different types of learners to have a good experience and be
motivated to learn well.
Question 2
What are learning centers or learning stations?
Areas of the school that are not open to the public.
Areas of the town, such as a community center, that are

created to support learning.

Areas of a library or classroom that are set aside for working Correct 1.00
with objects or learning materials.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
A learning center is generally set up in the library or resource room. A learning station may
be set up in the classroom. They are both areas that are set aside for working with objects
or learning materials.
Question 3
What is a learning strategy?
An approach to learning that may differ from Inorrect 0.00 That's true, but it's not the
student to student. best answer.
An approach to discovering more about a

subject.
A behavior that will help systematize

learning.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
There are a variety of learning strategies, including using behavior that systematizes
learning and taking an approach to discovering more about a subject. Different students
may use different learning strategies.
Question 4
How does a self-access room help students?
Students may choose different

materials and topics for learning on their
own.
Students are allowed to use a self- Inorrect 0.00 A self-access room should build
access room only with their teacher's help. learner autonomy; this approach
doesn't.
Students with different levels of

proficiency will not be able to use a self-
access room.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
In a self-access room, students choose material and topics that match their interests and
can help meet their own needs. They use the material for learning largely on their own,
though there may be a staff person as a facilitator.
Question 5
Why is motivation important to language learning?
Motivation can help even less proficient students make good

progress.
Motivation can lead students to apply more effort to their

study.
Motivation can enhance students’ willingness to learn.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Motivated students are more willing to learn and apply more effort to their study. It also
helps all students make good progress, even less proficient students.
Question 6
What is metacognition?
An awareness of things outside of the physical world.
An awareness of what the teacher wants.
An awareness of one's own language learning processes. Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00

Metacognition is the awareness of own's own language learning processes - the ability to
think about thinking.
Question 7
Why are personality traits important to learning a language?
Different personality traits may require a different curriculum.
Different personality traits may make some activities easier for Correct 1.00
a student.
Personality traits may prevent a student from ever learning a

language.
Personality traits may make a student misbehave in class.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Different personality traits may make some activities easier for different students. Knowing
one’s own personality traits that affect learning is a form of metacognition.
Question 8
What are language proficiency levels?
The highest scoring students in the class.

How much language a learner knows and can use. Correct 1.00
The best scores on written language tests.
The highest grades achieved in school.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
A language proficiency level is a measure of how much language a learner knows and can
actually use.
Question 9
take a moment to review the definitions below, then go on to the video and
readings.
video and readings.
Total 0.00 / 0.00
QUICK VOCABULARY REVIEW

Differentiated instruction - Teacher response to differences in learners; teacher variation in
teaching in order to create the best learning experience possible for individuals or small
groups.
Learning centers; stations - Areas of a classroom that are set up for specific purposes,
such as reading or working with objects
Metacognition - The knowledge and self-awareness a learner has of one’s own language
learning process.
Motivation - Psychological factors that determine how much effort learners are willing to
apply to accomplish or learn something.
Personality traits - Particular qualities in someone’s character.
Proficiency level - The level of a learner’s language ability. How much language the learner
knows and can use.
Self-access room, area - A room or area of a room where materials are available for
students to choose and use by themselves.
Strategy instruction - Teaches students about learning strategies and how and when to use
them; helps students identify personally effective strategies, and encourages them to make
strategic behaviors a systematic part of their learning.
Feedback — Week 3 Quiz: Individual Learning

Differences-Children/Young LearnersHelp Center
These questions are based on the required reading assignments and the video about
individual learning differences. This test is counted toward your final grade. Feel free to use
your notes from the video and the reading as you answer the questions.
This is a summative assessment. You can take the quiz more than once, but you will lose
20% if you retake the quiz.
Question 1
Scaffolding is ...
All of the answers are correct. Inorrect 0.00 Think again. Only one answer is
correct.
A way to help students approach a subject

or lesson.
A building material used in creating skits in

class.
A means to accurately assess individual

student learning.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
The teacher creates and uses scaffolding as a way to help students approach a subject or
lesson, usually by adding to students’ background knowledge and breaking the content into
manageable steps.
Question 2
Learning differences may be based on ...
Present level of proficiency.

Previous learning experiences.
Age or cultural background.
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Learning differences may be based on a number of factors, including age or cultural

background, previous learning experiences, and present level of language proficiency.
Question 3
What is differentiated instruction?
Teachers respond to differences in learners to create a good Correct 1.00

experience for each learner.
Teachers give homework every day to help all learners

succeed.
Teachers instruct different students at different times.
Teachers follow the curriculum exactly so that each learner

gets the same experience.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
In differentiated instruction, teachers respond to differences in learners, such as by creating

a variety of lesson activities, to create a good experience for each learner.
Question 4
Why is motivation important to language learning?
Motivated learners put more effort into

their study.
All of the answers are correct. Inorrect 0.00 Think again. Only one answer is
correct.
Motivation will eliminate all individual

student differences.
Motivation can improve student intellect.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
Motivation can help students put more effort into learning, which allows them to achieve
better learning outcomes.
Question 5
What are language proficiency levels?
The highest grades achieved in school.
The best scores on language tests.

The highest scoring students in the class.
How much language a learner knows and can use. Correct 1.00
Total 1.00 / 1.00
Language proficiency levels are used to describe the amount of language that a learner
knows and can actually use.
Question 6
How does a self-access room help students?
Students with different levels of proficiency can

use material at their own level.
Students can build their ability to learn without

a teacher’s direct guidance.
Students may choose different materials and Inorrect 0.00 That's true, but it's not the
topics for learning on their own. best answer.
Total 0.00 /
1.00
A self-access room offers many benefits to students, including the ability to choose different
topics and materials, independent learning without a teacher’s direct control, and material
at that addresses individual language proficiency levels.
Question 7
What are some parts of the classroom experience that can be varied for different learners?
Processes, such as how students approach a problem or

content.
Products, such as what the students will create or produce to

demonstrate knowledge.
Content, such as how the student will gain access to materials

used in class .
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Many elements of the classroom experience can be varied in order to differentiate

instruction. These include processes, such as how students deal with a problem or content;
content, such as how students access class material; products, such as what students
create or do to demonstrate knowledge; and the learning environment, such as classroom
routines and study guidelines.
Question 8
Why should teachers try to differentiate instruction in elementary classrooms?
Learners are very different, even at a young age. Correct 1.00

Learners are very similar at a young age, so the teacher just
needs some variety.
Learners have to be active in the elementary grades.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Even very young learners have different interests and aptitudes. Differentiated instruction
works well for learners of any age.
Question 9
If differentiation is to be ongoing, what kinds of things does the teacher need to keep in
mind?
Assessment should be linked to instruction and to planning the Correct 1.00

next steps in teaching.
Always keep students in the same groups so that the classroom

routine can stay the same.
Drills should be part of every lesson so that all students will

have the same level of knowledge about grammar.

Total 1.00 /
1.00
Good teaching practice, including good use of differentiated instruction, means linking
assessment, instruction, and planning the next steps in teaching.
Question 10
What is some good advice to give to teachers who wish to start differentiating their
instruction?
Reflect frequently on your own teaching practices and how you

want the class to be.
Think about management routines and instructions, and teach

students the routines.
Prepare students for differentiation and talk to them about

how the class is structured.
Total 1.00 /
1.00
Teachers who want to start differentiating take a number of preliminary steps, including
preparing students by talking to them about how the class is structured, thinking about
management routines and instructions, teaching students classroom routines, reflecting
frequently on teaching and what the class should look like.

Shaping The Way We Teach English

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SHAPING THE WAY WE TEACH ENGLISH 2 PATHS TO SUCCESS IN EFL .

Feedback — Week 1 Pre-viewing Knowledge

Your Answer Score Explanation

Made by teachers for classroom use.

Created by language students for classroom use.

Created especially for language learners.

Used in real life, outside the classroom. Correct 1.00

Total 1.00 / 1.00

Your Answer Score Explanation

Speaking and pronunciation

Grammar and vocabulary use

Reading and writing

Listening and reading Correct 1.00

Total 1.00 / 1.00

Your Answer Score Explanation

Grammar and pronunciation

Listening and speaking

Reading and writing

Total 1.00 / 1.00

Your Answer Score Explanation

All of the options are correct. Correct 1.00

Total 1.00 / 1.00

Your Answer Score Explanation

Timelines and mind-mapping.

Total Physical Response.

Your Answer Score Explanation

A process to suggest a lot of ideas quickly. Correct 1.00

A type of psychological event.

A serious neurological illness.

Total 1.00 / 1.00

Your Answer Score Explanation

Using real communicative purposes as the basis for

The ability to pass tests easily .

The ability to communicate for meaningful purposes. Correct 1.00

Using media like radio to learn a language.

Communicative competence is the ability to communicate in a target language for

Your Answer Score Explanation

Students working on math lessons in math class.

Using content to structure lessons around themes or Correct 1.00

Being happy about the way teaching and learning are

Content-based instruction uses content (often subject-area material, such as math or

Your Answer Score Explanation

Pictures can help students who can’t yet read.

Students enjoy drawing and painting.

Students need a break from the more abstract parts of

Your Answer Score Explanation

Each skill will later be tested individually.

Using each skill may make students neglect grammar,

Each skill can be both productive and receptive.

Learners working together to solve a problem will learn

Students creating a project will remember vocabulary

All of the options are correct. Correct 1.00

Learning occurs through social activity while

Task-based learning is an approach in which learners work together to solve a problem,

Your Answer Score Explanation

Remembering language over a period of time, not just Correct 1.00

Trying to memorize vocabulary consistently.

Learning the most difficult and advanced parts of

Working at a project that helps language learning.

Language retention refers to remembering or storing language mentally over a period of

Your Answer Score Explanation

It is necessary in becoming a language teacher.

It helps them learn the practical aspects of grammar.