TRANSVERSE SHEAR

At the end of class, student should be able to….

Discuss the shear in straight members and apply the shear

formula
Describe the shear stresses in beams
Explain the concept of shear flow in built-up members and in thin-
walled members.
 SHEAR IN A STRAIGHT BEAM
Shear V is the result of a transverse shear-stress distribution that acts
over the beam’s x-section
Transverse shear stress always has its associated longitudinal shear
stress acting along longitudinal planes of the beam.
 SHEAR IN A STRAIGHT BEAM

Effects of Shear Stress:

As shown below, if top and bottom if boards are bonded together,

surfaces of each board are smooth and
not bonded together, then application of
load P will cause the boards to slide
relative to one another.
longitudinal shear stresses will
develop and distort x-section in a
complex manner

Warping of cross section

As shown, when shear V is applied,
the non-uniform shear-strain
distribution over x-section will cause
it to warp, i.e., not remain in plane.
Shear Formula
Shear Formula
 SHEAR IN BEAMS
Rectangular cross section

Shear –stress distribution is parabolic

2
6V ⎛h 2⎞
τ= 3 ⎜⎜ − y ⎟⎟
bh ⎝ 4 ⎠

V
τ max = 1.5
A
 SHEAR IN BEAMS
Wide-flange beam (I beam)
• Shear-stress distribution is parabolic but has a jump at the flange-to-web
junctions.

Limitations on the use of shear formula

• Not on cross sections that are short or flat
• Not at points of sudden cross sectional changes (e.g. flange-to-web junction in wide flange beam)
• Not at a joint on an inclined boundary
 EXAMPLE 1
Given internal shear force, V = 50 kN. Calculate:
a) shear stress at point A
b) shear stress at point B (flange)
c) shear stress at point B (web)
d) maximum shear stress
 Solution
Determine moment inertia about N.A.
 Solution
Shear stress at point A
 Solution
shear stress at point B (flange)

12
 Solution
• Shear stress at point B (web)
 Solution
Maximum shear stress occur along N.A.
 Solution
Shear stress profile
EXAMPLE 2
SOLUTION
 EXERCISE 1
Given internal shear force, V = 80 kN. Calculate:

a) shear stress at point A (flange)

b) shear stress at point B (web)

c) Maximum shear stress

SHEAR FLOW IN BUILT-UP BEAM
SHEAR FLOW IN BUILT-UP BEAM
 SHEAR FLOW IN BUILT-UP BEAM
Shear flow ≡ shear force per unit length along longitudinal axis of a beam.

VQ
q=
I
EXAMPLE 3
SOLUTION
 EXAMPLE 4
Nails having a total shear strength of 40 N are used in a beam that can be constructed
either as in Case I or as in Case II, Fig. 7–18. If the nails are spaced at 90 mm,
determine the largest vertical shear that can be supported in each case so that the
fasteners will not fail.
 SOLUTION
Since the cross section is the same in both cases, the moment of inertia about the neutral axis is

Case I
For this design a single row of nails holds the top or bottom flange onto the web.
For one of these flanges,
 SOLUTION
Case II
Here a single row of nails holds one of the side boards onto the web.
Thus,
 EXAMPLE 5

• A square box beam is constructed from four planks as shown.

Knowing that the spacing between nails is 1.5m and the beam is
subjected to a vertical shear of magnitude V= 600 N. Determine the
shearing force in each nail.
SOLUTION
SHEAR FLOW IN THIN-WALLED BEAM
 EXAMPLE 6

• Find the shear flow, q acting on point A, B and C.

 SOLUTION

• calculate IN.A:

• We refer to shear flow distribution of the cross-section to calculate QA,

QB and QC:
 SOLUTION

• For QB
 SOLUTION

• For QC
SOLUTION