Abstract:-

The term green chemistry also called sustainable chemistry is defined as the
invention, design and application of chemical products and processes to reduce or to
eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Furthermore, for the purposes of
this definition, hazards must include global threats such as global warming, stratospheric
ozone depletion, resource depletion and bioaccumulation, and persistent chemicals. It is an
inventive science based on fundamental research towards the development of new type of
chemistry focused on a new production system in order to prepare the younger generation to
get a greener future.

Green Chemistry An Overview

Introduction :-
Green Chemistry was introduced in 1991 by an American Chemist Dr.Paul
Anastas who is regarded as Father of Green Chemistry . He defined it as “Green Chemistry
is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of
hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products”. The
concept of green chemistry should not be confused with the design of chemical products and
processes in a hazardous manner, while the latter deals with study of various chemical
reactions taking place in atmosphere. In fact, green chemistry started in 1990s as a mission in
developed countries like U.S.A , U.K, Germany and Japan to make chemistry and chemical
reactions , safe and hazardless upto the maximum extent. Green chemistry is concerned not
only with safety and pollution control, it gives due consideration to quality and cost of the
products and efficiency of adopted procedures as well. To make it more practical and widely
acceptable, chemists all over the world are searching alternative reagents, solvents , catalysts
and newer techniques.
Review of literature:-

Jinliang song and Buxing Han (2015)1 pointed that Green chemistry will be one of the most
important fields in the future. Although this field has developed rapidly in the last 20 years, it
is still at an early stage. Promoting green chemistry is a long-term task, and many challenging
scientific and technological issues need to be resolved; these are related to chemistry,
material science, engineering, environmental science, physics and biology. Scientists,
engineers and industrialists should work together to promote the development of this field.
There is no doubt that the development and implementation of green chemistry will
contribute greatly to the sustainable development of our society.
Suneeta Bhandari and Virendra Kasana (2018)2 indicated that the principle of green
chemistry recommended the use of bio-based materials or use feedstock or raw materials
which are renewable e.g. agricultural waste products.Chemists should emphasize the
work on developing the bio pesticides, bio-fertilizers and biocatalysts for transforming
the agricultural materials into high value products and also enhancing their production
and protection.
Bianca Aparecidade MarcoBárbara SaúRecheloEliane GandolphoTótoliAna
CarolinaKogawaHérida Regina NunesSalgado (2019)3 states that Research advances have
enabled sustainable processes over the years with investments in environmentally correct
analytical and policy techniques in line with world conferences since 1968. Despite these
efforts, industries need to visualize the economic viability of applying green chemistry to
their processes, which prevents us from leveraging the use of this ideology. Investments and
dissemination on the importance of green chemistry and how they affect directly from the
start of pharmaceutical analyzes, employees and patient health until to the environmental
sustainability are extremely important for the process of future improvements.

Objectives of the study:-

1. To know the various principles of green chemistry.
2. To identify the green chemical products and its area also

1. Avoid chemicals derivatives:-

Unnecessary derivation should be minimized or avoided if possible because
such steps require additional reagents and can generate waste. Synthetic transformations that
are more selective will eliminate or reduce the need for protecting groups. In addition,
alternative synthetic sequences may eliminate the need to transform functional groups in the
presence of other sensitive functionality.

2. Use catalysts:-
Catalytic reagents are superior to stoichiometric reagents. Catalysts can serve
several roles during a transformation. They can increase the selectivity of a reaction, reduce
the temperature of a transformation, enhance the extent of conversion to products and reduce
reagent-based waste. By reducing the temperature, one can save energy and potentially avoid
unwanted side reactions.
3. Minimize the potential for accidents :-
One way to minimize the potential for chemical accidents is to choose
reagents and solvents that minimize the potential for explosions, fire and accidents release .
Risks associated with these of accidents can sometimes be reduced by altering the form or
composition of the reagents.

Areas of green chemistry :-

Economic considerations and environmental evaluations have pushed the
chemical industry to adopt new eco-friendly technologies to survive in a market that becomes
more demanding every day. Green chemistry will be one of the fields in which these
sometimes conflicting forces will contend.
The areas for the development of green chemistry have been identified as
follows:
The challenge for chemists is to develop new products, processes, procedures and services
that achieve societal, economic and environmental benefits. This requires a new approach
which sets out to reduce the materials and energy intensity of chemical processes and
products, minimize or eliminate the dispersion of harmful chemicals in the environment,
maximizing the use of renewable resources and extend the durability and recyclability of
products in a way increasing industrial competitiveness. Mature chemical processes that are
often based on technology developed in the first half of the 20th century, may no longer be
acceptable now. The drive towards clean technology in the chemical industry, with an
increasing emphasis on the reduction of waste at source, will require a level of innovation and
new technology.
It concerns the development of chemical technology and processes that are designed to be
incapable of causing pollution. We have dealt with toxicity and pollution throughout our
entire history, but only recently we have understood its sources and consequences.

Green chemical products :-

Through Green WERCS, manufacturers can now drive greener formulations. Green WERCS
analyses the composition of individual products using ingredient data to examine its potential
impact on human health, and the environment. It can utilize multiple and configurable pre-
identified scoring and weighting algorithms to provide information on the chemical
ingredients of the products and indicate whether or not they include
 Bio accumulative and toxic substances
 Carcinogens, mutagens or reproductive toxicants
  Potential hazardous waste
 Probable endocrine disrupters
Once the product formulation is entered into the system , Green WERCS provides a product’s
green source and a visual analysis on how its products rank and where the most immediate
opportunities are to reformulate without hazardous chemicals . One of the most unique
features of the green WERCS tool is the user defined configuration . Because each
organizations has its own criteria for greener chemistry, Green WERCS allows manufactures
to easily develop their own algorithms based on the organistion’s sustainability requirements.
Daimer, a leading supplier of green chemicals, offers an eco-friendly carpet and upholstery
cleaner, a fast acting, all natural, cleaning formula that penetrates stains in the carpets and
upholstery using a patented green chemistry and colloidal technology. This highly effective
carpet cleaning formula consists super small Micro-Blasting molecules which remove stains
from carpeting without the use of harmful spot cleaning liquids. Eco-Green meets the OSHA
standards.
This plant based environmentally safe, non-toxic, formula encapsulates dirt and crystallises
when dry to prevent left over residue from re-soiling treated areas. The encapsulated soil and
residue can easily be vacuumed. This removes 95% of the most common stains in carpets and
upholstery.
Diary stains, ink stains, pet stains and many other difficult stains that normally require
hazardous and expensive spot removers can be removed from the carpets and upholstery
easily and safely. The cleaner can be used with a variety of cleaning equipment including
cold or hot water carpet extraction equipment, shampoo machines and steam extractors. The
solution can also be applied using a hand brush.

1. Energy
The vast majority of the energy generated in the world today is from non-
renewable sources that damage the environment.

 Carbon dioxide
 Depletion of ozone layer
 Efforts of mining, drilling etc.
 Toxics
Green chemistry will be essential in developing the alternative for energy generation
as well as continue the path toward energy efficiency with catalysis and product
design at the forefront.
2. Global change
Concerns for climate change, oceanic temperature, stratospheric chemistry and global
distillation can be addressed through the development and implementation of green chemistry
technologies.

3. Resource depletion
Due to the over utilization of non-renewable resources, natural resources are being
depleted at an unsustainable rate. Fossil fuels are a central issue. Renewable resources can be
made increasingly viable technologically and economically through green chemistry in day to
day life.

4.Food supply
Green chemistry is developing :

 Pesticides which only affect target organisms and degrade to innocuous by-products.
 Fertilizers and fertilizer adjuvants that are designed to minimize usage while
maximizing effectiveness.

Substances that are toxic to humans, the biosphere and all that sustains it are
currently still being released at the cost of life, health and sustainability. One of green
chemistry’s greatest use and strength is the ability to design for reduced hazard.
Conclusion :-
Green chemistry encourages innovation and promotes the creation of products
that are both environmentally and economically sustainable. It deals in environmentally
friendly sustainable chemicals and processes as a result of which pollution is reduced or
eliminated and environmental damage controlled.
The benefits include

 Reduced waste, eliminating costly end of the pipe treatments.

 Safer products
 Reduced use of energy and resources.
  Improved competitiveness of chemical manufacturers and their customers.
Green chemistry ensures that both processes and end products are clean and safe. Use
of green chemistry is growing because it is environmentally friendly and also because of
legislation and international agreements that aim to reduce pollution. One of the basic ideas
of green chemistry is to prevent the production of hazardous and polluting materials rather
than producing them and then clean up.