|SITE KNOWLEDGE, sr of Relations: Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets consisting of m and n elements nf * B) = n(A) n(B) = m Xn = mn The set of all first element of ordered pair in relation R is called domain. : The set of all second elements of ordered pair in relation R is called codomain, © Peneils of different colours ‘a sot A, which has one clement x,, and another set B, which has one element 9, & 5 Fig. 31. Relation from A, to 8, wBy, wich hain 8. Take a sot A, which has three Ie Ye Ie OBSERVATION. 2 The number of arrows hat isthe number of element in eartesian product (A, = B,) of ts w A, and B, is_x __ and the number of relations is 22 2. The number of arrow {hat is the number of elements in cartesian product (A, B,) of thw Ay and B, is _x __and number of relations is 2 {he number of arrows, that isthe numberof elements in eartesian product (Ay * BY ofthe Ay and B, is _x _ and the number of relations is 341 RESULT, We have verified that for two non-empty finite sets A xB= 1¢ total nul of relations from A to Bis 28 where n(A) =m and m(B) cant MA * B) = mn and the total \ N STUDENT ACTIVITY. To verify that fortwo nonempty fn er maton fom Ao Bi 2°, wher nl) <4 an gg MAB) = 4 8 andthe total mu > |> oy al Act i the system of coordinates measurement in two-dimensianal plane. Draw the two axes at Tehag wh olker on the drawing sheet and selet few points, A, B, C on this system. What the axes are rotated by certain angle, Ga mirror is placed along the x-axis, E-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE * Shifting of origin. The technique of finding the coordinates of a point in a system of coordinate axes with respect to another system of coordinate axes with a different origin is called shifting of origin, * Translation of axes. A shifting of origin without changing the direetion of coordinate of axes called translation of axes, |ATERIALS REQUIRED © Drawing sheet © Compass box: © Measuring seale © Practical workbook * Acalculator © A plain mirror and few pins ROCEDURE. A system of coordinates known as Cartesian coordinates is drawn on the drawing sheet. In this om, the axes are at rt. Zs to each other. Coordinates pairs give the position of a point on a grid g 4.1, Let a point A, has coordinate (3, 2). This implies, unit 8 along the x-axis, and unit 2 along y-axis 1e same system 3-points, A, B and C are marked, by putting pins on the board. Place a plain mirror ong x-axis and put pins Al, B1, C1 to mark the images. Similarly, place the mirror M2 along y-axis, put the pins A2, B2, C2. Measure the coordinates of A2, B2, C2. This will give the effect of rotation xis on the coordinates, 8OBSERVATION, 11 Coordinate measurement system shapes, using a rule. Four ways of transfrsisn have been performed with » pox Paes Fi arin i te corn =" - Mirror at axis Mirror at y-axis e ‘Rotation of axes by 15°Origin 0,0) 1.38, 1.05 22 3,270 Reflection from x 1.85, - 1.05, 2-2 3, - 2.70 Reflection from y = 185, 1.05 =2,2 = 3, 2:70 Rotation 128,1, 75 1.65, 3 2.70, 4.30 Enlargement 125 135 125 “Translation of new origin with respect to (0,0) is (00.35, - 2.20). >RECAUTIONS. 1, Observe the coordinates of the points carefully for precise results. 2. Choose proper scale to represent the coordinates. PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE. For engineering projects, we need to represent points in certain coordinate system and these points axe to be expressed in various manners. This is a very good exercise to understand the behaviour of ‘ordinates when the system is changed from one form to the other. N N STUDENT ACTIVITY with your observations, 1L Carry out the experiment, suggested above in case of Polar Coordinate system and prepare the report 2. In case of plane mirrors, verify the following from the observations taken in the mathematical lab. (@ Z of incidence = £ of reflection. (Distance of the object in front of the mirror = istance of its image behind the mirror. (© Length of the mirror require to see the image = 5 ofthe length ofthe objet