Lenguaje, John Patrick M. Ar. Elsinore E.

Elcano
CADD 001A – CE12FA8 Assignment #1

A. HISTORY OF COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING DESIGN (C.A.D.D.)

Computer-aided drafting and design (CADD), also known as CAD or computer-aided manufacturing (CAM),
is the process of using special software programs to draw new products or buildings. It is used by drafting professionals
as well as architects, engineers, product designers and builders to create a graphic representation of a project before
it is built. What used to take hours to draw by hand can now be completed in minutes using a computer keyboard or
mouse.

Early History
Up through the 1950s, all drafting work was completed by hand. This process was long and tedious, and a
small mistake or design change could send the drafter back to the drawing board. In 1950, Dr. Paul J. Hanratty invented
a numerically controlled program that allowed designers to draw simple lines with a computer. At the time, computers
were the size of a room, so this type of program was not widely available, though Hanratty is still credited as the "Father
of CAD" for his contribution.

By 1957, researchers at MIT had expanded upon Hanratty's work to create a program called "Pronto." Pronto
allowed designers to draw more advanced objects with a computer, though use was still very limited due to computer
availability and costs at the time.

The First Modern CADD Program

From 1960 to 1980, aerospace and manufacturing firms like Ford and Lockheed Martin invested heavily in
CAD programs for in-house use. Companies like these were among the only ones who could afford this new technology
until the early 1970s. In 1972, Dr. Hanratty formed a company known as MCS, where he produced a program known
as "Automated Drafting and Machining." This program not only worked on a smaller 16-bit computer, but also featured
many of the commands used by modern CAD programs. Instead of numerical inputs, users operate a small table of
drawing commands using a regular keyboard. This program originally came with only an 11-inch screen, but Hanratty's
company was able to increase the screen size over the next few years.

A.1 COMPANIES THAT PRODUCES CADD APPLICATIONS

 Autodesk
An American multinational software corporation, Autodesk offers a wide range of software products for
designers, engineers, and architects. The company has developed a diverse portfolio of CAD software
programs that help users explore design ideas, visualize concepts, and simulate how designs will perform in
the real world. Some of the key CAD products offered by Autodesk include:

 AutoCAD 360, mobile and web-based CAD application, is available on Android, iOS, and Windows devices
Inventor, a mechanical design and 3D CAD software
 Fusion 360, a cloud-based CAD software
Tinkercad, an online (browser based) CAD software
Dassault Systèmes
 A European multinational software company, Dassault Systèmes offers a variety of 3D software applications
and services worldwide. Its product development software applications enable 3D design, 3D CAD,
engineering, simulation, modeling, data management, and process management. CATIA and SOLIDWORKS
are some of its primary CAD software being used in the aerospace and defense sector, consumer packaged
goods (CPG) and retail industries, in the sphere of life sciences, and for transport and mobility purposes.

 PTC
PTC delivers and develops technology solutions such as software and services to optimize business functions
such as manufacturing, engineering, supply chain, and services. Operating through two segments: software
products and services, PTC serves in the areas of CAD, application lifecycle management, supply chain
management, service lifecycle management, and PLM. Its product portfolio consists of Arbortext, PTC Creo,
PTC Integrity, PTC Mathcad, PTC Windchill, and Servigistics. PTC offers CAD through its software PTC Creo.

 Siemens PLM Software

Formerly known as UGS PLM Software, Siemens PLM Software designs, develops, and markets PLM
software solutions and operates as a subsidiary of Siemens. Femap, Fibersim, LMS, NX, PLM Components,
Seat Design Environment, Solid Edge, Syncrofit, Teamcenter, and Tecnomatix are some of its major product
segments.

 Encore
A product development company in information technology, Encore combines core technical expertise with a
global business perspective. The company’s products and services range from DSP-based modem and
speech coding technology to evolving key designs in embedded systems. Encore generates a steady stream
of revenues from its technology licensing and design services. ViaCAD and Shark LT are some of its major
CAD offerings.

 BricsCAD
Developed by Bricsys, BricsCAD is a software application for computer-aided design (CAD). Headquartered
in Ghent, Belgium, some of its major CAD software offerings include BricsCAD Platinum, BricsCAD Pro and
BricsCAD Classic.

 TurboCAD
A CAD software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting, TurboCAD runs on Macintosh and Microsoft
Windows operating systems. TurboCAD Pro, TurboCAD Deluxe, TurboCAD Designer, TurboCAD LTE and
TurboCAD LTE Pro are its major CAD software offerings.

 SolveSpace
A parametric 3d CAD program, SolveSpace has applications in modeling 3D and 2D parts, 3D printed parts,
preparing CAM data and is also used in mechanism design and plane and solid geometry. Parametric 2D/3D
CAD is its primary CAD software offering.
  RealCAD
RealCAD is one of the leaders in 2D and 3D CAD software. RealCAD Pro, RealCAD LT and RealCAD Draft
are some of its popular CAD products. Its CAD solutions are some of the most affordable, intuitive and easy
solutions available on the market.

 Grabert
A leading developer of Custom CAD software, solutions, and services, Grabert’s CAD systems were the first
to support Windows, Mac, and Linux and can be used on both desktop and mobile devices. Some of its major
product offerings include ARES Commander, ARES Touch and ARES Mechanical.

A2. BASIC COMMANDS OF AUTOCADD

L - It can be used for making simple lines in the drawing.

C - It is the command used for making a circle in AutoCAD.

PL - This command can be used to make a Polyline in your drawing.

REC - This command will make a rectangle in AutoCAD.

POL - This command can be used to make a polygon with minimum of 3 sides and a maximum of 1024 sides.

ARC - As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an arc in AutoCAD.

ELLIPSE - As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an ellipse with the major and minor axis.

REG - This command can be used to make a region geometry in AutoCAD.

CO - This command is used to copy object(s) in AutoCAD.

ARRAY - Using this command you can make Rectangular, polar or Path array.

TR - This command is used for trimming a geometry.

OP - Using this command you can open options window which contains most of the settings of AutoCAD.

SC - This command is used to change the scale of an object.

B - This command is used for creating a block, the properties of the block can be defined using the block definition
window.

I -This command can be used to insert an existing block or a drawing as a block in AutoCAD.

ST - Using this command you can open text style window which controls properties of the default AutoCAD text style.

X - This command can be used to explode objects like Polyline to simple lines, an array or a block to a simple geometry
etc.

F - This command can be used to add rounded corners to the sharp edges of the geometry, these round corners are
also called fillets.
CHA - This command can be used to add slant edges to the sharp corners, these slant edges are also called chamfers.

LA - This command can be used to open layer properties manage palette which is a tool for creating and managing
layers in a drawing.

Ctrl + N - You can use this shortcut to open a new drawing a tab in AutoCAD.

Ctrl + S - You can use this keyboard shortcut to save a drawing file.

Ctrl + Shift + S - You can use this keyboard shortcut to save the drawing as a new file, in short, this is the hotkey for
“save as” command.

Ctrl + 0 - Clears screen to show only the drawing area and hides palettes and tabs. Press it again to reset default
AutoCAD interface.

Ctrl + 1 Select and object and press Ctrl + 1 to open the properties palette which lists properties of the object. You can
use this palette to modify most of the properties of the object too. You can also use PR command to open the property
palette.

Ctrl + 2 - You can use it to open design center palette which contains many AutoCAD blocks that can be used directly
in your drawing.

Ctrl + 9 - You can use this keyboard shortcut to toggle the visibility of the command line. If for some reason your
command line is hidden from the drawing area, then use this keyboard shortcut to bring it back.

SOURCES:
https://blog.technavio.com/blog/top-10-vendors-global-cad-market-industrial-machinery-industry
https://thesourcecad.com/autocad-commands/
https://www.techwalla.com/articles/computer-aided-drafting-design-history
https://blog.technavio.com/blog/top-10-vendors-global-cad-market-industrial-machinery-industry