1. A jet of water having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s.

The jet
makes an angle of 20° with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of 130° to the direction of
motion of vane an outlet. Calculate :
(i) Vane angles, so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock.
(ii) Work done per second per unit weight of water striking the vane per second

Given: Vf1 = 6.84 m/s

V1 = 20 m/s
=
u1 = 10 m/s
Vw1 = 18.794 m/s
= 20°
=
= 180° – 130° = 50° -

u1 = u 2 = 37° 52.5’

Vr1 = Vr2 =
To Find:
Vr1 = Vr2 = 11.14 m/s

es
=?
b. From outlet Velocity triangle
=?
Applying sine rule
W.D per unit weight =?
ot
=
Solution:
N
y = 180 – = 130°

x = 43°26’
h
ec

x+y+ = 180°

= 6°33’

c. Work done per unit weight:

M

Vw2 = 1.067 m/s

a. From inlet velocity triangle W.D =

= W.D = 20.24 Nm/N

2. A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20
m/s. The jet makes an angle of 30° with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at an angle of
90° to the direction of motion of vane outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet determine the
vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the water enters and leaves the vane without shock.
Given: = 30°
V1 = 40 m/s
= 180° – 90° = 90°
u1 = 20 m/s
u1 = u 2
 Vr1 = Vr2 d. From inlet velocity triangle

To Find:
=
=?
Vf1 = 20 m/s
=?
=
Solution:

Vw1 = 34.64 m/s

=
-

= 53° 47.4’

Vr1 = Vr2 = 24.78 m/s

e. From outlet Velocity triangle

es
=

= 36° 10’
ot
N
3. A jet of water of diameter 50 mm, having a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved vane which is moving with a
velocity of 10 m/s in the direction of the jet. The jet leaves the vane of an angle of 60° to the direction of
motion of vane at outlet. Determine:
h

(i) The force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of motion
(ii) Work done per second of the jet
ec

Given:

d = 0.05 m
M

V1 = 20 m/s

u1 = 10 m/s

= 0°

= 180° – 60° = 120°

u1 = u 2

Vr1 = Vr2

To Find: From inlet velocity triangle

Force exerted by the jet =? Vr1 = V1 – u1 = 10 m/s

W.D per second =? Vw1 = V1 = 20 m/s

Solution: Vr2 = Vr1 = 10 m/s

From outlet velocity triangle

 Vw2 = 5 m/s
=
a. Force exerted by the jet:
x = 60° FX = aVr1 -
FX = 294.45 N
x + 60 + = 180°
b. Work done per second:
= 60°
W.D = aVr1 - xu
- W.D = 2944.5 Nm/s
=

4. A jet of water having a velocity of 15 m/s strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s. The
vane symmetrical and is so shaped that the jet is deflected through 120°. Find the angle of the jet at inlet of the
vane so that there is no shock. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at outlet in magnitude and direction and
work done per unit weight of water? Assume the vane to be smooth.

Given: From inlet velocity triangle

V1 = 20 m/s Applying sine rule

es
u1 = 10 m/s
=

p = 180° - 30° = 150°

= 180° – 120° = 60°
ot
q = 9.596°
= 30°
N
p+q+ = 180°
= 30°
= 20 24’
h

u1 = u2, Vr1 = Vr2

Applying sine rule
To Find:
ec

=? =
V2 =?
M

Vr1 = Vr2 = 10.46 m/s

*
=?
From outlet velocity triangle
W.D per unit weight =?

Solution: = Vw2 = 4.06 m/s

= , Vf2 = 5.23 m/s

V2 = (V2f2 + V2w2) = 6.62 m/s

= 52°10’
*
= 180 – = 127°50’

Work done per unit weight:

W.D =

W.D = 9.225 Nm/N

5. A jet of water moving at 12 m/s impinges on vane shaped to deflect the jet through 120° when stationary. If the
vane is moving at 5 m/s, find the angle of the jet so that there is no shock at inlet. What is the absolute velocity of
the jet at exit in magnitude and direction and the work done per second per unit weight of water striking per
second? Assume that the vane is smooth.

Given: From inlet velocity triangle

V1 = 12 m/s Applying sine rule

u1 = 5 m/s
=

p = 180° - 30° = 150°

= 180° – 120° = 60°
q = 12.02°
= 30°
p+q+ = 180°
= 30°
= 17 59’
u1 = u2, Vr1 = Vr2

To Find: Applying sine rule

=? =

es
V2 =?
Vr1 = Vr2 = 7.41 m/s
*
=?
ot From outlet velocity triangle
W.D per unit weight =?

Solution: = Vw2 = 1.417 m/s

N
= , Vf2 = 3.705 m/s
h

V2 = (V2f2 + V2w2) = 3.96 m/s

ec

= 69°4.2’
M

*
= 180 – = 110°55.8’

Work done per unit weight:

W.D =

W.D = 6.537 Nm/N

6. A jet of water having a velocity of 15 m/s, strikes a curved vane which is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s in the
same direction as that of jet at inlet. The vane is so shaped that the jet is deflected through 135°. The diameter
of jet is 100 mm. Assuming the vane to be smooth, find: (i) Force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of
motion,(ii)Power exerted on the vane,(iii) Efficiency of the vane.

Given: = 180° – 135° = 45°

V1 = 15 m/s = 45°
u1 = 5 m/s
u1 = u2, Vr1 = Vr2
 To Find: From inlet velocity triangle

Force exerted by the jet =? Vr1 = V1 – u1 = 10 m/s

Power exerted by the vane =? Vw1 = V1 = 15 m/s

Efficiency of the vane =? Vr2 = Vr1 = 10 m/s

Solution: From outlet velocity triangle

Vw2 = 2.07 m/s

a. Force exerted by the jet
FX = aVr1
FX = 1340.6 N
b. Power of the vane

P= = 6.703 kW

c. Efficiency:

es
Efficiency =

W.D = aVr1 x u = 6703

ot
Nm/s
K.E = V13
N
K.E = 13253.6 Nm/s
h

Efficiency = 50.5 %
7. A jet of water having a velocity of 35 m/s impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The jet
ec

makes an angle of 30° to the direction of motion of vanes when entering and leaves at an angle of 120°. Draw

the velocity triangles and find: (a) the angles of vane tips so that water enters and leaves without shock, (b) the
M

work done per unit weight of water entering the vanes (c) the efficiency
Given: Solution:

V1 = 35 m/s

u1 = 20 m/s

= 30°

= 180° – 120° = 60°

u1 = u 2

Vr1 = Vr2

To Find:

=?

=? From inlet velocity triangle

W.D per unit weight =?

=
Efficiency of the vane =?
 Vf1 = 17.50 m/s x = 58.75°

= x+y+ = 180°

Vw1 = 30.31 m/s = 1.25°

Work done per unit weight:

=
- =
= 60° Vw2 = 0.24 m/s
W.D =
= W.D = 62.28 Nm/N

Vr1 = Vr2 = 20.25 m/s Efficiency:

From outlet Velocity triangle

Efficiency =
Applying sine rule K.E = ------ (per unit weight m =
1/g)
= K.E = 62.43
Efficiency = 99.74 %
y = 180 – = 120°

es
8. A jet of water having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel which is
ot
rotating at 200 r.p.m. The jet makes an angle of 20° with tangent to the wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a

velocity of 5 m/s at an angle of 130° to the tangent to the wheel at outlet. Water is flowing outward in radial
N
direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 0.5 m and 0.25 m respectively. Determine : (a) vane angle at
h

inlet and outlet (b) work done per unit weight of water (c) efficiency of the wheel
Given:
ec

u2 = R2 = 5.235 m/s
V1 = 30 m/s
N = 200 r.p.m Refer diagram in above problem
= 20.94 rad/s V2 is given so easy to find data in velocity triangles
M

= 20° From inlet velocity triangle

= 30° 4.2’
= 180° – 130° = 50° From outlet Velocity triangle
= 24° 23’
V2 = 5 m/s Work done per unit weight:
R1 = 0.5 m 2 2
W.D = --------- (radial)
R2 = 0.25 m
W.D = 31.8 Nm/N
To Find: Efficiency:

=? Efficiency =
=?
K.E = ------ (per unit weight m =
W.D per unit weight =? 1/g)
K.E = 45.87
Efficiency of the vane =?
Efficiency = 69.32 %
Solution:
u1 = R1 = 10.47 m/s