ADVANCED ENGINEERING

MATERIALS
PRESENTATION #1
GROUP #1
LECTURE 8

CHAPTER 3

CERAMICS
❑Outlines:
➢ Glasses
➢ Types of Glasses
➢ Mechanical Properties of Glasses
➢ Optical Properties
➢ Glass Ceramics
➢ Ceramics Phase Diagrams
 1- GLASSES
✓ Historyof glass.
✓ Glass is an amorphous solid with the structure of a
liquid.
✓ It has been supercooled (cooled at rate too high to
allow crystals to form).
✓ Glass is defined as inorganic Product of fusion that has
cooled to a rigid condition without crystallization.
✓ Glass has no distinct melting or freezing point.
✓ Its behavior is similar to that of amorphous alloys and
amorphous polymers.
2- TYPES OF GLASSES
 2- TYPES OF GLASSES

✓ Glasses also are classified as colored, opaque

(white and translucent), multiform (a variety of
shapes), optical, photochromatic,
photosensitive,…
✓ Glasses also can be referred as hard or soft,
usually in the sense of a thermal rather than
mechanical prooerty.
✓ Soda-lime and lead-alkali glasses are
considered soft, the rest hard.
 3- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSES
✓ The behavior of glass is regarded as perfectly elastic and
brittle.
✓ The modulus of elasticity for commercial glasses ranges from
55 to 90 GPa and Poisson’s ratio from 0.16 to 0.28
✓ The hardness ranges from around 350 to 500 HK.
✓ Glass in bulk form generally has a strength lower than 140
MPa.
✓ Glasses can be strengthened by thermal or chemical
treatment to obtain high strength and toughness.
✓ When molten glass is freshly drawn into fibers (fiberglass), its
tensile strength ranges from 0.2 to 7 GPa. These glass fibers are
stronger than steel.
PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS GLASSES
 4- OPTICAL PROPERTIES
-Traditional glasses are principally used as
they are transparent in the visible region of
the spectrum; windows, containers, and
precision optics are examples. Although
pure silica is highly transmissive overt the
entire visible spectrum, impurities impart
coloration which detract from the
performance of some glasses but which can
also be used to produce beautiful and useful
colored glasses.
 4- OPTICAL PROPERTIES
-Iron is the most common impurity , imparting a
blue-green yellow tint depending on the
oxidization state. It is possible to neutralize but
not bleach impurity colors by “decolorization”
the addition of complementary coloring oxides
to produce an overall neutral gray absorption.
-Traditional glasses do not transmit well in UV or
IR range, with the exception of certain specially
glasses. Pure silica is the best example.
COLORING ADDITIVES TO GLASS
 5- GLASS CERAMICS

✓ Glass ceramics (such as Pyroceram, a trade name) have a

high crystalline component to their microstructure.
✓ Glass ceramics contain large proportions of oxides so their
properties are a combination of those for glass and those for
ceramics.
✓ Most glass ceramics are stronger than glass.
✓ Glass ceramics have a near-zero coefficient of thermal
expansion, they have high thermal-shock resistance.
✓ Their properties can be improved by modifying their
composition and by heat treatment techniques.
 5- CERAMIC PHASE DIAGRAMS
-Phase diagrams that are very useful in the design and
processing of ceramic systems have been experimentally
determined for quite a number of these materials.
-For two-component phase diagrams, it is frequently the case
that the two components are compounds that share a common
element, often oxygen.
-These diagrams may have configurations similar to metal-metal
systems, and they are interpreted in the same way.
1- The Al2O3 - Cr2O3 system 2- The MgO - Al2O3 system
3- The ZrO2 - CaO system 4- The SiO2 – Al2O3 system
5.1- THE AL2O3 - CR2O3 SYSTEM
5.2- THE MGO - AL2O3 SYSTEM
5.3- THE ZRO2 - CAO SYSTEM
5.4- THE SIO2 – AL2O3 SYSTEM
GLASS MAKING
HOW GLASS IS MADE
CERAMIC MUGS
 THANK YOU
Any questions are allowed