Soal TOEFL Structure

1. Amanda Way's career as a social reformer____ in 1851 when, at an antislavery meeting in

Indiana, she called for a state woman's rights convention.
(A) begin
(B) began
(C) have begun
(D) to have begun

2. The celesta, an orchestral percussion instrument, resembles___.

(A) a small upright piano
(B) how a small upright piano
(C) a small upright piano is
(D) as a small upright piano

3. Thomas Paine, _____, wrote Common Sense, a pamphlet that identified the American
colonies with the cause of liberty.
(A) writer of eloquent
(B) whose eloquent writing
(C) an eloquent writer
(D) writing eloquent

4. Although beavers rarely remain submerged for more than two minutes, they can stay
underwater ___fifteen minutes before having to surface for air.
(A) as long
(B) as long as
(C) so long
(D) so long that

5. Protein digestion begins in the stomach ____ends in the small intestine.

(A) while
(B) and
(C) how
(D) because

6. When natural gas burns, its___ into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
(A) hydrocarbon molecules, breaking up
(B) broke up by hydrocarbon molecules
(C) hydrocarbon molecules break up
(D) broken up hydrocarbon molecules

7. _____ ballet dancers learn five basic positions for the arms and feet.
(A) All of
(B) Of every
(C) All
(D) Every

8. Some colonies of bryozoans, small marine animals, form ___with trailing stems.
(A) creeping colonies
(B) which colonies creep
(C) creeping colonies are
(D) colonies creep

9. Ruth Bader Ginsburg argued six women's rights cases before the United States Supreme
Court in the 1970's,____
(A) of five winning them
(B) five winning of them
(C) of them five winning
(D) winning five of them

10. Natural selection is defined as the process ___the course of evolution by preserving those
traits best adapted for an organism's survival.
(A) to which directs
(B) of which directs it
(C) directs it
(D) that directs

11. ____ 363 miles between the cities of Albany and Buffalo in New York State, the Eric
Canal helped link the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes.
(A) The extension of
(B) The extension
(C) Extending
(D) Extends

12.The chief sources of B12, a water-soluble vitamin ____ stored in the body, include meat,
milk and eggs.
(A) is not
(B) that is not
(C) not that is
(D) that not

13. ____ is rooted in experiments in iron and steel conducted in the nineteenth century.
(A) While the history of twentieth-century architecture
(B) The history of twentieth-century architecture
(C) That the history of twentieth-century architecture
(D) Both twentieth-century architecture and its history

14.The primary source of energy for tropical cyclones is the latent heat released when ____
(A) does water vapor condense
(B) condensed water vapor
(C) water vapor condenses
(D) the condensation of water vapor

15. Maufacturing is Canada's most important economic activity, ____17 percent of the
workforce.
(A) engages
(B) and to engage
(C) that it engage
(D) engaging
Pembahasan Soal TOEFL
1. Jawaban (B) began.
Kalimat tersebut terdiri dari dua clause:
1. Amanda Way's career as a social
reformer____ in 1851 when
2. she called for a state woman's rights
convention.
Anda bisa lihat bahwa clause pertama
kehilangan verb (kata kerja) olehnya yang
harus kita cari yaitu verb yang bisa
mengisi clause tersebut. Jawaban A salah.
Clause ke dua menggunakan kata kerja
bentuk past (called) jadi begin yang
berbentuk present tidak paralel dengan
clause ke dua tersebut. Kalimat harus
paralel.Jawaban C berbentu past perfect.
Ingat past perfect tak akan menggunakan
kata keterangan waktu yang pasti seperti
pada kalimat ini. Kata keterangan waktu
yang pasti pada klaimat ini yaitu in 1851.
Jawaban D lebih jelas tak sesuai.
2. Jawaban (A) a small upright piano.
Kalimat ini membutuhkan objek dari kata
kerja resemble = mirip.
3. Jawaban (C) an eloquent writer.
Di antara ke dua koma stelah subject itu
membutuhkan appositive yang
menjelaskan terkait identitas subject
Thomas Paine.
4. Jawaban (B) as long as.
as long as = and.
5. Jawaban (B) and.
dua kata kerja begins dan ends. jadi
dibutuhkan kata penghubung and untuk
menghubungkannya.
6. Jawaban (C) hydrocarbon molecules
break up.
Kata its membutuhkan Noun (phrase)
setelahnya. Phrase hydrocarbon molecules
sesuai dengan persyaratan in, sementara
kata break up menjadi verb dari its
hydrocarbon molecules.
7. kunci jawaban (C) All.
Jika menggunakan jawaban A maka
seharusya all of the ballet dancers.
Jawaban D salah. Kata every harus
bertemu noun singular sementara
dancers berbentuk jamak.
8. Jawaban (A) creeping colonies.
Kata kerja form membutuhkan object.
9. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (D) winning
five of them.
Hanya saja saya kurang yakin bagaimana
cara menjelaskannya. Kalau saya lihat-
lihat bentuk ini masuk di reduction (adverb
clause). Jadi winning five of them itu
merupakan phrase yang direduksi (hasil
reduction) dari adverb clause. Hanya saja
yang saya lihat di buku referensi saya -
Betty semua contoh Phrase hasil reduction
dari adverb clause posisinya di depan
kalimat. Jadi itulah mengapa saya kurang
yakin dengan penjelasan terkait soal ini.
Menurut saya inilah soal TOEFL. Kalau
kita perhatikan di buku-buku akademik
tingkat advanced banyak kalimat yg
menurut kita agak aneh.
10. Jawaban yang sesuai adalah (D) that
directs.
Jawaban soal ini terkait penggunaan
adjective clause yang menjelaskan kata the
process.
11. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (C)
Extending.
Pelajari tentang reduction dalam adverb
clause.
Extending 363 miles between the cities of
Albany and Buffalo in New York State.
merupkan hasil reduction dari the Eric
Canal extends 363 miles between the cities
of Albany and Buffalo in New York State.
12. Jawaban yang tepat ialah (B) that is
not.
Ada dua clause:
1. The chief sources of B12 include meat,
milk and eggs.
2. a water-soluble vitamin ____ stored in
the body.
Clause ke dua menjelaskan subejct dari
clause pertama. Clause ke dua tersebut 14. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (C) water
membutuhkan verb. vapor condenses.
Sudah jelas
13. Jawaban yang benar yaitu (B) The
history of twentieth-century architecture. 15. Jawaban (D) engaging.
Kalimat ini membutuhkas subject. Mirip dengan bentuk soal no. 9.
16. The dwarf lemon tree, grown (A) in many areas of the world, bears fruit (B) when it is
fewer than (C) six inches in high (D)

Jawab: (D) high (yang benar = height)

Keyword: six inches in high.
Pembahasan: Setelah preposisi (in, on, at, by, of, from, etc) harus diikuti noun (kata
benda), jadi kata “high” (adjective/kata sifat) seharusnya diganti kata “height”.

17. The (A) brain composed of a mass of softly (B) gray matter (C) in the skull that (D)
controls our intelligence.

Jawab: (B) softly

Keyword: softly gray matter.
Pembahasan:
Susunan Noun Phrase:
D: Determiner (a, an, the, etc)
O: Opinion
S: Size
A: Age
T: Temperature
S: Shape
C: Color
O: Origin
M: Material
P: Purpose (dalam bentuk V3 atau Ving)
N: NounFrasa
Frasa benda pada kalimat tersebut seharusnya soft (opinion) gray (color) matter
(noun).

18. Polluter (A) is a topic of such importance (B) today that even elementary school children
are well informed (C) about its (D) dangers.

Jawab: (A) Polluter

Keyword: Polluter
Pembahasan: Kata yang seharusnya digunakan adalah pollutant (penyebab polusi).

19. Best (A) represented in a famous oil painting (B) by da Vinci, The Last Supper it (C) is
an important part of the history (D) of Christianity.

Jawab: (C) it
Keyword: The Last Supper it is.
Pembahasan: Dalam satu klausa seharusnya hanya ada satu subjek dan satu predikat,
karena pada kalimat di atas terdapat subjek ganda, maka kata “it” harus dihilangkan.
20. Together with (A) his friend Little John, Robin Hood are (B) fondly (C) remembered (D)
today by millions of people.

Jawab: (B) are

Keyword: Together with.
Pembahasan: Noun setelah together with tidak memengaruhi perubahan predikat.
Pada kalimat tersebut subjectnya adalah Robin Hood, maka predikatnya seharusnya
was (tunggal, lampau).

21. In Vermont, the (A) sap the maple tree is (B) the primary (C) ingredient in (D) producing
maple syrup.

Jawab: (A) the

Keyword: The sap the maple tree.
Pembahasan: Kalimat tersebut memiliki subjek ganda sehingga harus ditambahkan of
sebelum the maple tree. Hal ini karena the sap tersebut merupakan bagian dari maple
tree.

22. After to have (A) won (B) the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for A Bell for Adano, John
Hersey wrote (C) a nonfiction book about (D) the bombing of Japan.

Jawab: (A) to have

Keyword: after.
Pembahasan: Kata “after” sebagai preposisi (kata depan) + Gerund (Ving), Kata
“after” sebagai conjunction (penghubung) + klausa (subyek + predikat).
Pada kalimat tersebut seharusnya “after having won…”

23. The smallest hummingbirds beat (A) their wings 70 times (B) a second (C) and are about
two inched (D) long.

Jawab: (D) inched

Keyword: two Inched long.
Pembahasan: Frasa yang seharusnya digunakan two-inch long, “two-inch” pada
kalimat ini merupakan adjective.

24. Quality, price, and located (A) are (B) often considered to be (C) the primary concerns in
buying (D) a house.

Jawab: (A) located

Keyword: quality, price, and located.
Pembahasan: Penggunaan concord (kesetaraan)
Kata “located” seharusnya diganti menjadi “location” supaya setara dengan quality
dan price yang termasuk kata benda (noun).

25. The name (A) “America” comes from (B) Amerigo Vespucci, who (C) was a 16th-
century Italian explorer (D)

Jawab : (B) comes from

Keyword: a 16th-century Italian explorer.
Pembahasan: Karena nama “America” diambil dari penjelajah Italia abad ke-16,
seharusnya menggunakan past tense (V2) seharusnya dipakai adalah “came from”.
26. Marie Curie won (A) two Nobel Prizes for their (B) discoveries of radioactivity (C)
and radioactive (D) elements.

Jawab: (B) their

Keyword: Marie Curie.
Pembahasan: Karena mengacu pada Marie Curie (tunggal, perempuan), pronoun yang
seharusnya dipakai adalah her.

27. The developing (A) of the submarine was hindered by the (B) lack of a power source (C)
that could propel (D) an underwater vessel.

Jawab: (A) developing

Keyword: the developing of.
Pembahasan: Kata di depan “of” (preposisi) harus dalam bentuk noun, dan bentuk
noun (kata benda) dari developing adalah “development” (perkembangan).

28. Although humans have highly developed (A) brains, most (B) animals have acuter (C)
senses than them (D)

Jawab: (D) than them

Keyword: have more acute senses than them.
Pembahasan: Karena mengacu pada kepunyaan (have more acute senses), maka
pembanding yang seharusnya dipakai adalah “than theirs”.

29. The movement of the stars (A) was first noticed by early (B) travelers, who (C) used the
stars to guide its (D) way across the sea.

Jawab: (D) its

Keyword: travelers.
Pembahasan: Kata “its” seharusnya diganti dengan “their” karena mengacu pada
travelers (jamak).

30. Those who (A) have seen what (B) is believed to be (C) Noah’s Ark says it is the
largest (D) than a modern battleship.

Jawab: (D) the largest

Keyword: than.
Pembahasan: Kata “than” menunjukkan bahwa kalimat tersebut merupakan
comparative comparison, sehingga seharusnya “it is larger than”