Penetrant Classification System

Penetrants: Type I Fluorescent

Type II Visible (Red)

Removal Method: Method A Water Removable Sherwin Incorporated provides a full line of products
Method B Lipophilic Emulsifier (oil base) and related services, including:
Method C Solvent Wipe
Method D Hydrophilic Emulsifier (water base)
Penetrant Products
Removers: Class (1) Halogenated (nonflammable) Visible & Fluorescent
Class (2) Nonhalogenated (flammable)
Cleaners & Removers
Developers: Form a Dry powder
Emulsifiers
Form b Water Soluble
Form c Water Suspendable Developers
Form d Nonaqueous
Form e Nonaqueous
Specialized Penetrants

Fluorescent Level 1/2 Ultra Low Magnetic Particle Products

Sensitivity: Level 1 Low
Test Panels
Level 2 Medium
Level 3 High PSM-5
Level 4 Ultra High KDS Twin Panels
Panel Recalibration

Frequency of In-Use Penetrant Tests Laboratory Services

ASTM E-1417 In-Use Testing
Each Shift Monthly Custom Products
Water Wash Pressure and Temperature Penetrant Water Content (method a only)
Penetrant Removability* (method a only) Penetrant Inspection Accessories
Daily Emulsifier Water Content (lipophilic only)
Penetrant Contamination Emulsifier Removability*
Dry Developer Condition
Developer Contamination (form b & c) Quarterly
System Performance Penetrant Brightness*
Black Light: Intensity, Reflectors & Filters Calibrate Drying Oven
Examination Area Cleanliness
Semi-Annually
Weekly Calibrate Light Meter
Emulsifier (hydrophilic) Concentration Water Pressure Gage Calibration
Penetrant Sensitivity* Water Temperature Gage Calibration
Water Content (water based)
Aqueous Developer Concentration (b & c)
Visable & Black Light Integrity

* These tests may be combined and performed

Note: Table as it appears is not a complete during the “system performance” test in ac- Represented by:
summary of the required in-use material tests. cordance with 7.8.4.

5530 Borwick Ave. • South Gate, CA 90280

Phone (562) 861-6324 • Fax (562) 923-8370
www.sherwininc.com • info@sherwininc.com

10/1/06
 Products Classification Available Biodegradable Description Typical Application Special Features Approvals &
to AMS-2644 in aerosol Specifications SHERWIN GUIDE TO PENETRANT PROCESSES
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT TYPE I–FLUORESCENT PENETRANTS
Water-washable (Method A & C)
TRI-A N/A surfactant-based ceramic, plastic, and porous parts crack detection without staining or use of developer Method A – Water Washable
HM-1 Level 1/2 low sensitivity SHERWIN
DEVELOPER
DRY DWELL
HM-2D Level 1 low sensitivity non-ferrous metal casting
penetrant materials APPLICATION PENETRANTS <160°F
D-90G
10 min–4 hrs
D-90G.1
HM-220 Level 1 X low sensitivity excellent washability, low penetrant Dipping, HM-1 HM-430 <71.1°C D-99A
spraying, HM-2D HM-604
HM-3A Level 2 medium sensitivity consumption due to low viscosity, are listed in the Qualified flowing or HM-220 HM-607
DWELL
WASH
50–100°F D-100
DWELL
INSPECTION
10–60 min
welds, castings forging and extrusions brushing HM-3A HM-704 10–30+
10–38°C D-106
HM-406 Level 2 X medium sensitivity excellent electrostatic spray capability Product List (QPL) of HM-406 HM-707 minutes
40 psi max
of automotive and aerospace, HM-412 WB-100
HM-412 Level 2 high level 2 sensitivity flash point over 200 degrees F HM-440 WB-200
DEVELOPER
DRY DWELL
ferrous and non-ferrous, air frame and MIL-I-25135E and HM-602
D-110A.1 <160°F 10–120 min
HM-440 Level 2 X medium sensitivity <71.1°C
turbine engine components
HM-602 Level 2 X medium sensitivity AMS-2644-1

Method B – Post-Emulsifiable, Lipophilic
HM-430 Level 3 high sensitivity
NOTE: Some specialty DEVELOPER
HM-604 Level 3 X high sensitivity turbine engine components including resists over-washing, low background DRY
D-90G DWELL
<160°F 10 min–4 hrs
HM-607 Level 3 X high sensitivity turbine blades and critical welds, and excellent electrostatic spray capability products
do not meet APPLICATION PENETRANTS
<71.1°C
D-90G.1
D-99A
Dipping, RC-29 WASH
HM-704 Level 4 X ultra-high sensitivity castings, forging and extrusions flash point over 200 degrees F
requirements and are
spraying,
flowing or
FP-22B
RC-50
DWELL
10–30+
EMULSIFIER
ER-85 50–100°F D-100 DWELL INSPECTION
10–38°C D-106 10–60 min
HM-707 Level 4 X ultra-high sensitivity brushing RC-65 minutes
40 psi max
only used for special RC-77
RC-88
DEVELOPER
DRY
D-110A.1 DWELL
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT <160°F
inspections. D-113G.1 10–120 min
Post-Emulsifiable (Method B, C & D) <71.1°C

RC-29 Level 1 low sensitivity Rolls-Royce

Method C – Solvent Removal
FP-22B Level 2 medium sensitivity welds, castings, forging in automotive, airframe
low penetrant consumption due to low viscosity, DEVELOPER
RC-50 Level 2 medium sensitivity and turbine engine
excellent electrostatic spray capability, superior heat
Pratt
& Whitney APPLICATION PENETRANTS D-90G
DWELL
10 min–4 hrs
D-90G.1
Dipping, HM-1 HM-602 WB-200
RC-65 Level 3 X high sensitivity critical turbine engine components, resistance, fully approved and proven over two decades
General Electric spraying, HM-2D HM-430 RC-29 SOLVENT D-99H
DWELL
RC-77 Level 4 X ultra-high sensitivity e.g. turbine blades, turbine engine rotating parts, flash point over 200 degrees F flowing or HM-220 HM-604 FP-22B 10–30+
WIPE INSPECTION
brushing HM-3A HM-607 RC-50 DR-60
RC-88 Level 4 ultra-high sensitivity discs, fan-blades Snecma
DMC HM-406 HM-704 RC-65
minutes
DR-62 DEVELOPER
HM-412 HM-707 RC-77 D-100 DWELL
HM-440 WB-100 RC-88 D-104A 10–60 min
FLUORESCENT PENETRANT Aerospatiale
D-106
Water-based (Method A & C)
Turbomeca Method D – Post-Emulsifiable, Hydrophilic
I-319 Water-based N/A X liquid oxygen applications water-base, LOX compatible DEVELOPER DWELL

WB-100 Water-based Level 1 X low sensitivity castings, forging in automotive first approved water-based fluorescent penetrants
FIAT
Aviazone APPLICATION PENETRANTS D-90G 10 min–
D-90G.1 4 hrs
WB-200 Water-based Level 2 X medium sensitivity airframe and turbine engine biodegradable, resists over-washing, non-flammable Dipping, RC-29
Augusta spraying, FP-22B DWELL PRE-RINSE EMULSIFIER WASH DRY
D-99A
flowing or RC-50 10–30+ course ER-83A 50–100°F <160°F DWELL
D-100
10–38°C
EMULSIFIERS MTU brushing RC-65
RC-77
minutes spray
40 psi max
<70°C D-106 10–60 min INSPECTION

RC-88
ER-83A Method D X hydrophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 qualified to 30% max. concentration – high tolerance to contamination D-110A.1 DWELL
Garrett
EMS D-113G.1 10–120 min
ER-85 Method B lipophilic use with P.E. penetrants and DP-40 slow diffusion with lower risk of over-emulsification
Allison
DEVELOPERS TYPE II–VISIBLE PENETRANTS
D-90G
Douglas

DMS
dust chamber – hand application,
D-90G.1 form a dry powder stabilizes and enhances brilliance to indications Airbus Industry Method A – Water Washable
or powder bulb
D-90H
DRY DEVELOPER
D-100 form d & e X nonaqueous alcohol aerosol, sprayer refined white particles give thin, more uniform layer Boeing BAC 5423 <160°F D-100
DWELL
10-60 min
D-106 form d & e X nonaqueous acetone aerosol, sprayer refined white particles, dries fast into uniform layer PENETRANTS
WASH
<71.1°C D-106

D-110A.1 form c water-suspendible dip tank nonhazardous, economical developer for testing Sikorsky
Aircraft DP-51
DP-50
DWELL
50–100°F
10–30+ INSPECTION
DP-52 10–38°C
D-113G.1 form b water-soluble dip tank large number of parts minutes
Lockheed DP-54 40 psi max
DRY
BY-LUX DEVELOPER DWELL
<160°F
CLEANERS / REMOVERS General Dynamics
D-110A.1 <71.1°C 10-120 min

DR-60 Class 2 X hydrocarbon based excellent solvent action- pre-cleaner and remover Method B – Post-Emulsifiable, Lipophilic
use with all visible or fluorescent more volatile than DR-60, excellent pre-cleaner Northrop
DR-62 Class 2 X hydrocarbon based DRY DEVELOPER

ASME
DWELL
LA-1 Cleaner N/A hot tank - alkaline dilution, spray or immersion non-corrosive, non-toxic, sodium-free <160°F
Code Sec V <71.1°C
D-100
D-106 10-60 min
DWELL EMULSIFIER
WASH
PENETRANTS
VISIBLE DYE PENETRANT
RDT-F3-6T DP-40 10–30+ ER-85
50–100°F
INSPECTION
minutes 10–38°C
40 psi max
DP-40 Method B & C & D X P.E. type welding, castings, forging and
AMS/SAE 2647
sharp indications through high color content DEVELOPER
DRY
DWELL
DP-50 Method A & C X water washable extrusions of both ferrous and <160°F
resist over-washing, high color content D-110A.1 <71.1°C 10-120 min
DP-51 Method A & C X water washable non-ferrous components and AMS-3155

flash point over 200 degrees
DP-52 N/A water washable some plastics and ceramics Method C – Solvent Removal
DP-54 Method A & C X easily water washable rough castings easy wash-off for use on heavily textured parts AMS-3156
PENETRANTS

BY-LUX N/A X visible and fluorescent second look with black light no second application when closer look needed DP-40 DWELL SOLVENT WIPE DEVELOPER
AMS-3157 DP-51 10–30+ DR-60
DEVELOPER
D-100
DWELL
INSPECTION
DP-50 D-110A.1 D-106 10-60 min
minutes DR-62
HIGH TEMPERATURE SYSTEM
Embraer
DP-52
DP-54
BY-LUX
K-017 Penetrant Method A & C X X high temp. visible dye
welding, castings, forging inspection on hot surfaces, no need to cool down Bombardier
K-019 Remover Class 2 X high temp. remover parts reducing processing time and inspection costs 5530 Borwick Ave. • South Gate, CA 90280 • Phone (562) 861-6324 • Fax (562) 923-8370
at high temperature
D-350 Developer form d & e X high temp. developer dwell up to 350 degrees www.sherwininc.com • info@sherwininc.com