Reference Calculation Output

Design Check for the tilted cassoins of Bridge No. 14/8 on Galagedara Horana Road

Introduction
The bridge no. 14/8 on Galagedara Horana road is one of the bridge of the 1st package of the
construction of 25 nos of bridges under the funding assistance of Kuwait. K.D.Ebert & Sons Holdings
pvt ltd was awarded the contract of the first package.

The type of foundation of this bridge is well foundation. It was noted that one caisson was tilted at
Horana end and another one was tilted at Galagedara end after it sunk up to the bearing level. After that
it was taken remedial actions to get it vertical. but still there is a permanent tilt on those caissons.

Therefore it is decided to recheck the design to find out whether it has sufficient strength to cater the
loads apply on it.

FROM GALAGEDARA TO HORANA

Centre line of Bridge
6050
G1 Flow
H2
6050
H1
2500

2500
G2
3550 3550

G3
H3
13150

8150
8150

Setting out line

83

Centre line of road (R=250m) 13150

G4 H4

900
900
H5
2500

2500
G5
3400 9580 3400

SETTING OUT DETAILS OF CAISSON CAP

Scale : 1 : 100

Front face of the caisson cap at Horana end is almost equal to the original design. Therefore the tilted
H2 is as follows 715
230
485

Pre cast Approach slab

as per Drg. No.T/B/511
450

115 Corbel for

115 Approach slab see detail
Varies 2560 ~ 2297

75 mm Thick 37.5mm
Filter layer
behind stone lining

50 to 200 Dry stone

lining minimum 600 thick

500 600 1400 1000x300 Clay puddle

110 Dia. P.V.C. pipe

600

2500 weepholes @ 1500 c/c

Top plug
600

Conc.grade 20(19)

Saturated sand fill

1330

Bottom plug
Conc.grade 25(19)

254
A
C.SS OF ABUTMENT

Page 1
Reference Calculation Output
Parameters of Backfilling Material

Density of Soil = 17.28 kN/m3

Pressure Coefficient at Rest(for Ф =35) /(K = 0.426
Pressure Coefficient active(for Ф =35) /(Ka = 0.271
Concrete

Concrete Grade
Abutments & Pile cap = 30 N/mm2
wing Walls = 30 N/mm2
Deck concrete(Infill) = 40 N/mm2
Density of Asphalt Concrete = 22.6 kN/m2
Young's Modulus of G30 Conc. = 27 Gpa
Concrete Cover to Reinforcement
Formed = 45 mm
Unformed = 75 mm

Steel
Strength of Tor Steel = 460 N/mm2
Strength of Mild Steel = 250 N/mm2
Young's Modulus of Steel. = 200 Gpa

Others
Max. Surcharge Pressure
2
HA Loading = 10 kN/m
2
HB Loading = 12.5 kN/m

DIMENSIONS OF SUBSTRUCTURE
LENGTH OF ABUTMENT = 10.535 m
WIDTH OF CAPPING BEAM = 0.715 m
HEIGHT OF CAPPING BEAM = 0.45 m
WIDTH OF BALLAST WALL = 0.23 m
HEIGHT OF BALLAST WALL = 0.575 m
WIDTH OF CURTANE WALL = 0.3 m
DISTANCE TO BEARING POINT FROM FACE = 0.23 m
HEIGHT TO BEARING SEAT FROM CAPPING TOP = 0.05 m
WIDTH OF ABUTMENT STEM AT TOP = 0.6 m
WIDTH OF ABUTMENT STEM AT BOTTOM = 0.6 m
CLEAR HEIGHT OF ABUTMENT STEM = 2.56 m
WIDTH OF CAISSON CAP AT RIVER SIDE = 0.5 m
WIDTH OF CAISSON CAP AT LAND SIDE = 1.4 m
THICKNESS OF THE CAISSON CAP = 0.6 m
Thickness of the caisson staining = 0.3 m
Height of the caisson = 5.3 m

DENSITY OF MATERIAL
DENSITY OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE = 24 (kN/m3)
DENSITY OF MASS CONCRETE = 23.6 (kN/m3)
DENSITY OF WEARING SURFACE = 22.6 (kN/m3)
WEIGHT OF HAND RAILS = 0.585 (kN/m)
Density of soil = 17.28 (kN/m3)

Ka = 0.271
KP = 3.69
FRICTION FACTOR BETWEEN SOIL AND CONCRETE= 0.4

Page 2
Reference Calculation Output
Superstructure Loads
Distance to
line of action
from Point A
Vertical load
Superstructure dead load = 72.45 kN/m 0.476 m
Wearing course = 6.50 kN/m 0.476 m
Foot walk = 9.98 kN/m 0.476 m
Hand rail = 3.36 kN 0.476 m
HA UDL = 32.75 kN/m 0.476 m
KEL = 22.78 kN/m 0.476 m
Pedestrian = 8.187 kN/m 0.476 m
HB = 64.20 kN/m 0.476 m

Horizontal load
Tractive force = 16.63 kN/m 8.91 m

Substructure Loads Distance to

line of action
from Point A

Ballast wall = 3.174 kN/m 0.96 m

Capping beam = 7.722 kN/m 0.60 m
Abutment stem = 36.864 kN/m 0.55 m
Caisson cap = 36 kN/m 1.00 m
Top plug = 15.721 kN/m 1.00 m
Staining of the caisson = 45.124 kN/m 1.12 m
Sand fill = 48.256 kN/m 1.12 m
Bottom plug = 34.061 kN/m 1.25 m
Soil backfill = 86.728 kN/m 1.55 m
Live load surcharge = 14 kN/m 1.55 m

Load due to Active earth

pressure above caisson cap
bottom = 41.009 kN/m 6.70 m
Load due to Active earth
pressure below caisson cap
bottom = 132.3 kN/m 2.47 m
Load due to Pasive earth pressure = 387.14 kN/m 1.77 m
Horizontal Load due to live
load surcharge = 25.704 kN/m 4.74 m

Check for Stability

Check for overturning

Total Vertical load = 483.66 kN

Overturning moment (Mot) = 871.41 kNm
Stability moment (Mst) = 1140.7 kNm

FoS = 1.31 > 1.3 Hence OK

e' = 0.56 m
e = 0.69 m

σmax = 515.3 kN/m2

σmin = -128.38 kN/m2
σredistributed = 579.05 kN/m2

Page 3
Reference Calculation Output

Check for sliding

Sliding force = 215.64 kN

Resisting force = 580.61 kN

FoS = 2.69 > 1.5

Hence OK
Centre line of Bridge

FROM GALAGEDARA TO HORANA

R.L.20.775m. R.L.20.775m.
R.L. 19.475m. Fixed Free R.L. 19.275m.

R.L. 17.925m.
R.L. 17.925m.

1.40 1.00

Top plug Top plug

Conc.grade2.60
20(19) Conc.grade
20(19)
2.80
Saturated sand fill
Saturated sand fill
3.80
4.30

5.90
Bottom plug
Bottom plug Conc.grade 25(19)
Conc.grade 25(19)

7.98
21.367

21.400

21.406
Finished road centre
line leveles in metres 10.30
18.840

18.593
Existing road centre
line leveles in metres

14+000 14+005.2 14+030

14.50
LONGITUDINAL SECTION 14.60
Scale : 1:100

17.50
17.60

B.H.1 B.H.2

BORE HOLE No. 1 BORE HOLE No. 2

DATE OF BORING :28-10-2008 S.P.T. VALUES DATE OF BORING :28-10-2008 S.P.T. VALUES
DEPTH IN

DEPTH IN
IN METERS

IN METERS
THICKNESS

THICKNESS
LEGEND

LEGEND
METERS

METERS
DEPTH &

DEPTH &
BLOWS

BLOWS
R.L. ON TOP OF BORE HOLE = R.L. ON TOP OF BORE HOLE =
No. OF

No. OF
RL. 19.475m RL. 19.275m

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

Silty clayey sand. (light brown) Silty clayey sand.

1.00
1.40
1.65 Silty clayey sand. (light brown) 1.65
Silty clayey sand. (whitish brown) 1.95 02 1.95 06

2.60
2.80
Silty clayey sand. (grey) 3.15 3.15
3.45 08 Inorganic silt. (brownish ash) 3.45 10
3.80
4.30
Silty clayey sand. (grey) 4.65 06 4.65 16
4.95 Well graded silty sand. (brownish ash) 4.95

5.90
6.15 14 6.15 17
Silty medium to fine sand. 6.45 6.45
(whitish brown)

7.65 17 7.65 20
7.95 7.98 7.95

Well graded silty sand. (whitish ash)

9.15 9.15
9.45 20 9.45 32

20/0.10m for 20/0.10m for

10.30 1 0.st 0.15m
10.50 1 0.st 0.15m 10.50
10.60 no further 10.60 no further
penetration penetration
Poorly graded sand.
(light brown) 15/0.20m for 25/0.05m for
12.00 1.0st 0.15m 12.00 1.0st 0.15m
12.20 12.20
no further no further
penetration penetration
13.50 20/0.20m for 13.50 20/0.10m for
13.70 1.0st 0.15m 13.70 st
1.0 0.15m
no further no further
14.50 penetration penetration
14.60
Partly weathered rock
Hard rock
psi - 9350

17.50
17.60
T.C.R - 48%
R.Q.D.- 19%
F.I. - Highly fractured

Page 4
Reference Calculation Output
DESIGN OF THE FOUNDATION

BH 1 top level 27.900

GL Bed Level 27.8300
Foundation Bottom level 21.900

Depth Below Ground Level (D) = 6.50 m

Width of the Foundation (B) = 2.50 m

Influence zone = 2B +B/2

= 6.25 m

Bore Hole log

BH no 2

influence
BH Depth SPT
zone

1.50 0
2 0
6.00 0 14 0
6.25 0 14 0
7.50 1.25 17 19.38
9.00 2.75 20 27.75
10.50 4.25 50 52.50
12.00 5.75 50 75.00
12.50 6.25 50 25.00
199.63
Foundation
Analysis & Average SPT value = 31.94
Design by N70
J.E.Bowels Kd = 1 + 0.33D/B f1 0.04
Eqn 4.9 & = 1.858 f2 0.08
4.10 f3 0.3
B= 2.50 f4 1.2

f4 = 1.2

f4 < B
Hence
N  B + f3 
2

qa = kd
f 2  B 
f2 = 0.08 f3 = 0.3

qa = kN/m2
930.52
Hence allowable bearing capacity is 930.5 kN/m2

Page 5
Reference Calculation Output
Design of Satining
Assumed Scoure level = Bottom level of the Caisson cap

Moment at scoure level due to horizontal loads = 1.65 x (41.01 x 1.4 + 0.271 x 10 x
4.1852/2) + 16.63 x 3.61 x 1.375
= 186.64 kNm/m
Tilt at scour level = 0.254 m
Moment Due to = (72.45+9.98+3.174+7.722+36.86+
tilt 36)x0.254x1.265+6.5x0.254x1.925
+55.53x0.254x1.375+86.73x1.65x
0.254+14x1.65x0.254
= 118.185 kNm/m
Total moment at scour level = 304.823 kNm/m

Shear force at the scoure level Q0 = 109.244 kNm

Let y be the distance below scour level where SF is zero

Q0+ Force due to active earth pressurebelow scour level -Force due to passive earth pressure = 0
109.244+1.65x(0.271x4.185x17.28+0.271x(17.28-9.81)y/2)xy-3.469x(17.28-9.81)xy2/2x1.65 =0
109.244+ 32.34y -42.14 y2 = 0
y = 2.039 m
Therefore maximum
16.63x5.65x1.375+1.65x0.271(10x6.232/2+17.28x4.185
moment on the =
staining x2.042/2+(17.28-9.81)x2.043/6)

= 287.98 kNm/m
Therefore 300
2500

1900
300 30 T12.5.150 B/F, 15 E/F
300 300

maximum
Lap Lap
300

8 6 6 8

= 979.1394 kNm
moment acting 7 7

on a caisson Mu

42T12.5.150 Both face, 21 Each face

42T12.5.150 Both face, 21 Each face

6 6

250 Lap250 Lap

2800
3400

6 6

Vertical load Nu = 1724.281 kN 7

T16.6.300
7
300

4T16.4
8 6 6 8

300 300
Lap 250 250 Lap
Lap Lap
30 T12.5.150 B/F, 15 E/F

Mu/Nu = 0.57 m DETAIL OF CAISSON SECTIONAL PLAN OF CAISSON

fcu = 30 N/mm2
h = 2.50 m
b = 3.40 m
d' = 0.15 m
d2 = 2.35 m
provided r/f at
= 4746 mm2
front face
provided r/f at
= 4746 mm2
back face
Strength of steel = 460 N/mm2

Ultimate Axial
load capacity = 0.45fcubdc+fycA's1+fs2As2
NuULS
= 4366.33 kN > 1724.28kN
Ultimate
Bending capacity =
MuULS 0.2fcubdc(h-dc)+fyA's1(h/2-d')-fs2As2(h/2-d2)
= 13137 kNm > 979.14kNm

Hence the tilted caisson can be used without any modification

Page 6