EXAMPLE NO 13.

1
The two protons and two neutrons in the
neucleus of helium atom are held
together by the strong force,which is
required to overcome the electrostatic
repulsion between the protons.The
charge of each proton is qp=1.6×10-19c .A
distance of approximately r=2×10-15 m
separates the protons.Calculate the
magnitude of electrostatic force between
the protons.

ASSIGNMENT no 13.1
A small metal sphere
with a charge of -2.10×10-6 c is brought
near n identicale sphere with a possitive
charge of 1.50×10-6 c,so that the distance
between centers of two spheres is
3.30cm.Calculate the magnitude of the
force that each charge exerts on the
other.

EXAMPLE NO 13.2
 Positive test charge of
30µc is placed in an electrical field.Force
on it is 0.600N.What is magnitude of
electrical field at the location of test
charge.

ASSIGNMENT no 13.2
If a charge of 4µc is
placed in a uniform field of strength
2NC-1.What force will it experience

EXAMPLE no 13.3
How much work must be
done to incerease the potential of a
charge 2.5×10-7C by 100V

ASSIGNMENT no 13.3
How much work is
done in moving a charge of 3C from a
point at 118V to a point at 138V in an
electric field
13.7: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
ELECTROSTATICS
Electrostatic phenomena has wide
applications in daily life.
A.Electrostatic precipitator and dust
extractioins: Electrostatic phenomena
can be used to separate dust from
smoke particles.To reduce air
pollution,modern day coal burning
power stations extract dust from the
smoke in chimneys before releasing it to
the enviroment by a process called
electrostatic precipitation.For this
purpose chimneys have a highly
positively charged grid (usually a wire
gause) and negatively charged plates
as shown in figure 13.12.When smoke
rising from chimney containing smoke
and dust particales pass through the
positivley charged grid they acquire a
positive charge.these charge particles
are attracted by the negativley charged
plate and are deposited on then.thus,the
smoke coming out of chimney is free
from dust and other particles.

B.ELECTRO PAINTING:Electrostatic
spray painting is a method in which
electrostatically charged paint is applied
as shown in figure 13.13.this method
reduce the paint usage and uneven
coating that result from using a regular
spray painter,both for powder and liquid
paint.one type of system applies a
negative electric chartg to the paint
while it is in the container.other systems
apply the charge in the barrel of the
spray painter gun.The paint is then
pushed through the gun,rubbing against
the side ,and gaining a static electric
cgharge as it moves.since the paint
particles all have the same charge,the
repel each other.this helps to distribute
the paint particles evenly and get
uniform coverage.
Usually the object being painted is metal
and grounded,but almost any product
can be finished electrostaticaly.the paint
particles have a charge so they are
attracted to the opposite charge of the
object being painted.this makes the
particles less likely to stay in the air.

13.8 DANGERS OF STATIC CHARGE:

Apart
from usfull appllication of electrostatics it
can sometimes be dangrous.for
example,lightning is the result of large
scale charge separation occuring within a
thunder cloud.lightning involves the
electric breackdown of air.charge
sepparation occurs within a thunder
cloud;the top of the cloud becomes
positive and the lower part becomes
negative.
The negative charge at the bottom of the
thunder cloud induces positive charge on
the Earth just underneath the cloud as
showm in figure 13.14.when the electric
field between the cloud and the earth
becomes large enough,the air undergoes
the electric breackdown,meaning it
momentarily becomes a good conducter
of electricity allowing the negative charge
to jump from the cloud to earth.a lightning
channel is completed and electrons rush
to the ground making the channel glow in
the process.a total of about 20Ċ to 25 of
electronic charge is transferrred from the
thunder cloud to the surface.

EXAMPLE NO 13.4:
A typicall capasitor in an MP3 player has
C=0.10µF.if a charge 5.0µC is placed on
the plates ,what is the voltage across the
capacitor

ASSIGNMENT 13.4:
The potential diffrence across the plates
of capacitor is 500V.the charge on each
plate is 0.02C.what is the capacitense of
capacitor
EXAMPLE NO 13.5:
Two capacitors of 5µF and 10µF are
connected in series with the external
source of voltage is 100V.Calculate the
total capacitance and the potentiol drop
across each capacitor.

ASSIGNMENT NO 13.5:
Two capacitors of capacitance 3 µF and 6
µF are connected in series to a 100V
battrey.calculate the equivalent
capacitance and the voltage across each
capacitor.

EXAMPLE 13.6:
Two capacitors of 4 µF and 8 µF are in
parllale.in each case the external source
of voltage is 100V.calculate the total
capacitane and the charge on each
capacitor.
ASSIGNMENT 13.6:
Two capacitors of capacitance 3 µF and 6
µF are connected in parallel to a 800V
battery.find the equivelent capacitance
and charge on each capacitor.

EXERCISE
1) When combining our hair ,we shift
electrones from our hair onto the
comb.the charge on our hairs is
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Zero
D. Infinite

2) The unit of charge is

A. Farade
B. Coulomb
C. Volt
D. Electron volt
 3) Initially sphere A has charge of -50e
and sphere B has a charge of +20e.the
spheres are made of conducting
material and are identicle in size.if the
spheres then touch,what is the
resulting charge on sphere A
A. +15e
B. -15e
C. +35e
D. -35e
4)if the distance between two charged
particles is halved,the Coulomb force
between the two charge particles
becomes

A. Half
B. One quarter
C. Double
D. Four times

5) The value of coulomb constant

k,depends on
A. Value of charges
 B. Material medium
C. Separetion bewteen
chareges
D. All of the these

6) An eiditional capacitor is added to a

group of capacitors already
connected in series,the equivelent
cpacitance
A. Increase
B. Stay the same
C. Decrease
D. Goes to zero
7) The unit of electric potential is
A. Farad
B. Coulomb
C. Volt
D. NC-1
Four identicale 1 µF cxapacitors are
connected together electrically.what is
the least possible capacitance of the
combination?
A. 4 µF
B. 1 µF
C. 1/4 µF
 D. 1/8 µF
9) A capacitor C ‘has a
charge Q’.the actuall
charge is on its plates are
:
A. Q,Q
B. Q,0
C. Q,-Q
D. Q/2,-Q/2

CONCEPTUALL QUESTINS
Give a brief response to the following
questions
1)normally,objects with large no of
electrons are electrically neutral,Why?
2)how does shuffling feet across a carpet
cause hair to stand on our body?
3)why neutral objects are allways
attracted by charged objects?not repelled.
4)why the pieces of paper initially
attracted by charged comb fly away when
they touch it?
5)is it necessary for a charged actually to
touch the ball of the electroscope for the
leaves to diverg?defend you’re annswer.
6)how the electrostatic painting is better
than conventional spray painting?
7)why are lightning rods normally at a
higher elevations than the buildings they
protect?
8)what would happen if two insulating
plates were used instead of conducting
plates to construct a capacitor?
9)the sum of the charges on both plates
of a capacitor is zero.what does a
capacitor store?
10)if you whish to store a large ammount
of energy in a capacitor bank,would you
connect capacitors in series or
parallel?explain.
 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
1=WHAT IS ELECTRIC CHARGE?how
objects can be electrified?describe with
the help of experiments.
2=what is electrostatic enduction?explain.
3=what is the function of
electroscope?how can we use
electroscope to find the presence and
natuer of charge on a body?
4=state and explain coulomb’s law.
5=what is meant by electric field and
electric field intensity?how the field lines
represent the electric field for islated
positive and negative point charges?
6=what is electric potential?in what units
we measure electric potential?
7=give some practical applications in
which electric field is useful?
8=how lightning occurs?how can we
safeguard ourselves from lightning
hazard?
9=what is capacitor?define capacitance
and its units.
10=what is series combination of
capacitos?how we can dtermine
equivalent capacitors for different
capacitors connected in series?
11=what is parallel combination of
capacitors? how we can dtermine
equivalent capacitors for different
capacitors connected in parallel?

NUMERICAL QUESTIONS
1)Dtermine the magnitude of the
electric force on the electron of a
hydrogen atom exerted by single
proton that is the atom’s
nucleus.assume the average
distance between the elctrone and
the proton is r=5.3×10-11m and
charge on electrons and protons is
1.6×10-19C.
2)a 5µC charge is placed 20cm from
a 10 µC poiunt charge.(a)calculate
the force experienced by the 5 µC
charge.(b)what is the force on 10 µC
charge?(c)what is the field strength
20cm from the 10 µC point charge?

3)in certain region of space,a

uniform electric field has magnitude
of 4.60×1o4N/C and poiunts in the
positive x-direction.find the
magnitude and directin of the force
this field exerts on a charge
of(a)+2.80 µC(b)-9.30 µC

4)the potential diffrence between

two points is 110V.when an unknown
charge is moved between these two
points,work done is 550J.what is the
ammount of charge?

5)the capacitance of a capacitor is

3200pF.if the potential diffrence
between its plates is 220V.what is
the charge on each of its plates?
6)three capacitors of capacitance 1
µC,2 µC and 3 µC are connected in
series to a 110V battery.calculate the
equivalent capacitance and voltage
across each capacitor.

7)two capacitors of capacitance 2pF

and 3pF are connected in parallel to
a 9V battery.calculat the equivalent
capacitance and the charge on each
cxapacitor.