Relations Medieval Theories 1250-1325 MARK G, HENNINGEI CLARENDON PRESS - OXFORD 1989Man Hoar 199° niente mated ao bee ‘ena rg pore oa ‘Sheps Sa ay as iy gh ie Dae i Met 38 gen 0180 eet ioe a 1. sand ng PA tt anaseins 190 Tis snus Panty at st es Tomyparens, Davidand leerAcknowledgements 1 should tet acknowledge the det of gate Lowe ro he Jesuits ofthe Detrt Province of the Soy of Fess far ee ‘watering suppor, bot personal znd finan In particule a Eland Ne an dc enn {uring mene, Joha O'Milie or his oustanding example as ‘Shumune schol nd pret and John MeMamamon,callengue, ‘nent rte, ation Tay mone pl he ‘rceionly warm and stv oppor hat ected ding oy ‘feseuchfrom ay Jesters -ayola Unies of Chic, rte Colla 5. Reber Delarnino in Rome, at Loy ‘Marmont Universi as Angeles, and atthe Jesu Nowa tSanta orion, Tamas very happy toaenowledge Mariya McCord Adams, any dict dating ty sles at he Univers of Cao Ete Angles, fret high standards, hard work and lasing persona esample For zea eer dats of parts ofthisbonk | {hank Alan Wale, Clue Kessel, Gordon Wison, Raymond ‘Macken, an Jerome Brow, Fal, 1 taok te Amerian Philosophies Socey or ter generous grant, Lala University (l Chiago foray research ese 1987-8, andy clegucs ‘the pero deparinent therefor thee warm and constant encourgement MGHContents 1, Introduction 2, Relation as Being and Raio:"Thomas Aquinas 3. Relation as Mode of Being: Henry of Gent 4, Relation as Thing: Richard of Mediailla 5. Relation as Thing: John Duns Sots 6. Relation as Condition: Henry of Harlay 17. Relative Terms as Comnoativ: Wiliam of ‘Ockham 8, Relation as Concept: Peter Aureoi 9. Conclusion Works Cited Inde B 9 @ 98 9 150 m 187 11—- ing tee neperon sea aso no) TiN acento valle to fhe Wes inthe threes cer, sought 0 destand more cleat the ace ofthe Pint by wing ‘ome of Ars’ hohi on res fn adin, hs thea ina doce tclfnced ream in. sone plea ‘erst hie te feet es elton is el ao spl product of 0 i feral ome tht none madsen our ma Sanpaing he igs eed Part pista coneresrssedqusionssbowthe peat scare arp nome ‘omit eoneptain a cay and Wis of (Seth, ed ay eens in het acount anveras ‘Therealas charge ta hese secon render unreal concep {ibrar and secre cane ented oy alter eterna ‘ether the snr relions obtaning between co-spete Unlcr-peicinditlsaretemsevesabary anu ‘ier questions conceningretatinw came tom. How enone xpi the velaedaes ofthe elt and wil hte? ‘te these fees in soe way etna by arr? What Selene forma sn nse eae ofthe ontologies and eptenloiesiterms of reltons eng of Ghent tug thats rear’ acta exens fa e= Into Goda fin ase and Dun Sots wed is on ‘hear ofrelaonsindicusangbabactveadinainecognion2 Irreducson 1. ‘The Problem of the Ontological Status of Relations “The fase ask fdecbing cy he yen ext was pena inhale Kyo of Uy wee oped ond ‘entire been stem caone vel? {Cad te conning al’ em Te at, ‘Famine kere way) Sat ve net feat Seen nie senent Dans Sco tle thay ‘ian af Olt Seu bg rbd racteaed Sr tan Oct pends anon et ropery of Say Fash tatoos proper Ota heel ‘fins matt cela th sane ‘Dona Scots i whe’ “Soc ay, omens oman elves ve pled pioopher” Many of Sse Oe seme» sect Arb nah offs tment esordng wich ‘Moser apse nats nail dented be sae: In Dun Sms he aurea ater atbed 1g Ser Dut Dur Seo alee tianlian of Oca complexion etme ont ‘Stbjttsoteas. Wht rece sprbel to Seats the sb of ig ert, og en ‘Wim of Gear Wht ole Waa af Getty? Torey, fom th een Dara Sot tae hn Wim fF Ockiyn ve cam vy fer tt ila of et i Sher On Dune Scone. Howie otros icag ‘ance tobebandedn he waa Arblan je “ding Forces is ype ose web andar view adit sepa como ra, hbo mis Berwand Rasll ‘eft det she che owe of Les meal ‘fete yar no il Ge cent cen ta he ——— Sees Reale acer heritt sik each coi Ror ecse a ine cele ‘isch feeds poplin eats ne Seas ls irdeto 3 inadequacies of hist ofaaysirbocane er and alerts ‘ere sapored: Sach nstind work onthe bp of rations ‘za wit De Mogens sonaed with Pee, Sehucedet, ‘etic deanery ni rfumen Peg prod (mong ter thing) eat i ei een (Cea setecrs sein rambut to «subject an be abaoed, as "Romeo is an sentence oth eons nang oo more cay oboe, Rem reset = Ls, {Intron bweea Pad and Drenait = Dyp. With ech ‘ad fanctins he log oo eve omens Decame ‘en and wih gece, aise quater there Celi pn ele ro a i ot nde, ord they have sone e-em bing How Tether ole ieee ra tat pial objet Ie ec ne ert er Felts thc rat fo, fw are they reduce? abr, Stat apei ype of ssa bjs re es Are dey peal Tints sew Br cans eg sof reed pt, ples Temple Are they propositional fenctons awe ar more v= tle Recent fe Me Martin has ogg at acca Enis ent hc same eyo elt, neater can be ‘Steed in eo of rina india 2. ‘The Late Medieval Debate aves Relations ‘Te deagemar rs enn ene Sg rae em ees rietrmaeor Guenter eer Sele See eee sein Sinaia semis iain4 Irion the tite and cacy oursenh cones. According to he eaten sn ca a le “Wing tbls at ans eatin “Te dey a sat ebled thee thinkers wat Ht water ‘ehtinsareenesnen both ypeaf es nent satis ‘con thom Invern tie ution thy equa ‘hed whoa areton ws denea wih the ings etd an inet ow stint tek erly hey hed a rea pct dips in Conde Terman miennd he ems eed Jbae ‘er reson, Such sn wadetuning ta necsny © ‘prec whathaypend inte second ecadef he fowrtsath ‘Ena hat ehanged and deepened the medial dela For thie prelminry remus are neces 21, Relation a Accident ‘The ping asuopto ofthe bus medical controversy orer reli age . Daricpam is dcson greed ata lations ono Stats where uy be mst be exphined .. Ting bering abject. This its esc for under ‘tending cbt tte wotatheseangenest nat din, ide erin orion. Today we might lk foe se meatal relon Rf cao say between tw pce of uh eh ey Maange fi ce de eet dB 8 ge ration 5 sn ssn tn got sono oes Teste atlas tl en res Ibs S10 mas pi ‘Regd ine "Tecnu ok Sic wo ge Io Ca ae, ee Stu thigh ote enn {eal et okies nA samen die hin SMEg ees ed as meray oe ee Patel thefgakeree terete hh ‘ies fuer eh rato tn op ‘heat etn ns ‘heen Ser heen ‘Shey ao sed net eon ee Shean open Op le of Seis naon, Astecrenoeletal ete Titer be oll he bit of he ren ecu wh teeming nes ‘etechotfalenegrhhn ca hemes re ‘BS Comey Faerie ke Siete ita ee The Sitti tonne Anes ec eresosandt nde cxrmsrr ae sian "ae te eto ei eo, sengunnercn a tar the other, liar jiroperty of being toward, it sse-aly ‘Shigeo to ates an oer se iss noche foe ed dn se «etm gigs eee Ee ees a ‘ny, sea Se, cs team a Rap go lop SHEE tector epi tc caorN6 See meme 22 Types of Real Relations “Teinuence of Arse va tin ther ape. The shots thse fe dcasion of relon on «pss nis Map, ‘oak een of pope ems n chapter eens Aa ne econ en cs ne ‘rsh bese mn sifeing fours. ‘These Hinds can be ‘ace as eral ava nd nese Er reat ood rampl te isc const fees of numeric mae, ‘Sr dubl thal and weble tot, and in gener at which ‘onus some ee many ines fo at which conned ‘Suny Ges omeng eo and that which exceeds fo that SRN ede ae len erg aril bons epesed by restr an egal os mle a ‘eo rf gan Dut scongely enoupl adi to Send ren, Awd inadet its cat relaons Soca spect deny, quae mri, snd quate ‘ay: Fecal iy.) Ths ‘ae eres or quay tom hoes en whe ‘Gent oe:andoneis begin aed estar ome, ha ‘Rhee raring ne hugh at ahs wy May scolastis understood Ars satin in (thatthe relaons identi it species ovo humansareoundedon te Fespetv specie atres. The tok hin as teaching in) chat the rations of smi of to objects ae funded on Hee respectvequiles (whites) and in (i hate reations of ol wa ote are founded on hel especve antes (Ce fe pound) arte, the reltions of speci deren, at cn WB Ra a i Ae oho ogee te ise Irion 7 isin, and inequity ae funded on the pec naures, ‘alin and quanses which in these ose are nto” Cal cis comin ie dc Fh Spain. ashe en of cto nd pion and nie FeenieS Sper e prone ron hat ets ‘itis esd andthe relton of what acto whatean bec ‘Fall, Arotelle'y rd cer conn of telson involving the ineaure and the meoured. As mn example he ives the felion beoweon the ksown the messre) and the knower {the measured. The Former i desabed by arbi, he ‘town’ ony beeause he kzower realy elated” Tike nny schol, Aguas lieved Aritode ght that selon inthis hd lt tenon mail, an elton in he Fist second clases are mud. Mutual laos Rand R scot be eal we ith r-muealrelaions, Real a Ri ofteton, The difleeacebeween these later vo pes of elton can be grasped in tems of ther cases. A retaton of etnon teased and depends forts estce onthe atin of ‘ommend Aresicehtion eure and depends for tvextnce fon some real exr-manal foundation the subject of De ‘elation “On tis tt point, Agung is dear and representative ofthe veaton He held that reltion Raf to8 rea ony ita and stcrely dnc exr~menal things, and tere sara extrs~ imental ounaton fot K- Agua oo held hat lation ‘lato val ean oni eer () and/or isnot ea or & nd pe not realy dish or Gi there sao real founding foe" Aquinas ges aban example of) the relaons between, rome cone athe congo man eae tthe coer ot timo s species to gone Another example he pes Ou ‘elton ftenpora pry to n-enstent ure geperains Hie gies aan example of ) ie caon of el Kent” and for Gi the pooblematien example ofthe rebtion fs coimn's (cing the ight an sia ‘wa. cas-2, 2 ar og ialetersreentattigmnramttenne 2 lei Eh Sewer "Soothes ic8 Intosutin ‘Many of those teaching tat elation of Asse’ tied (papchologia) eas are non-muroal heldthat the ower i realy elated tthe extort ing kon andthe ken things related nly byeason‘o te knawer Maekaowes andthe ‘rolemig dhe nature of the relation bermeen God and ste Biss "Re Vey cae common Gah a aera Hat restures are realy elitedt9 Ged, Gog i ested to aon of 23. AKey Tent of Aristotle Inthe thireenth and eaty fourteenth cents any ia the debate used the carsderable authorky of ode to support ‘ean Steed pee tog eat ‘Scone stot Sse Soha eta graye ca : fame salons eval’ Son chan sels apn ose ho hold that a el reltgn some en rely dit from is fundatn. They elim Arse ese ace that ‘ouldgin oe reaiy elite oat change tn, btn "i ener yy eS ee sma oe 220 1 2 rw) So ne Ag. tdi ° ecpeteman er et ei renee ane ee ing piri, one vas or the ble ‘hanged erly by becoming (or cening to beled Bs ‘Tisssrumpion fovea sneer wha dviedthc exes rea felons Jo Lace Andi ee of se things Le {en be removed or cet be, he Rela ceases nd the, Benoninaon congue hou iether eee intel Soaberaion sta othe medialdebat, waste psage of “Restate ete ahve tht we he foes for dsasion af is ‘Reon In chs way, the pang became cet othe choles {Es ates over teats, ncing them w ink rough he Ipiabons of hither “pase Tshoid mono another rgment hat ha lang sad stngised sty connote wih te carves oe felons he chage am ifr of relation, Fal TAS Kate Nye soe nda si ten, ee Sigg, sof eld th tins wee pel subjective 1 posting 2 velo an xe ‘Ren cy Teds an nee ops, Acoing 0 Far ee ee ieermaniterrinanraeens Rota eater esi Sin eae SA porate aaa gee ‘Rae St Ae gun te we en ‘pect nate havo omy ser i don et eee as ete icra Seu cee Semacaes Been Sonn oe ap 2 i ang Nn Fra anne Wester p. 8-1,ceapy pe pare ‘sued fo, reat snag ite recreation sudunon pos imena toro eee, “ys eedAcknaledgements I stould Be to acknowledge the deb of grate Lowe to the [sss ofthe Det Prove f the Society of Jess for the Xwavting spor oth personal ed Bosna. np T thant Saunt Mier for send and constant endship {lung nny eas Jobin O'Malley fr hs ousting example ‘ huntne lero pista ohn MeManamon, collapse, fiend and brother nsdn T am soos teal for the repinaly war an ene suport that received darog my ‘sce ny Joutbrotert Lopla Valery of Chips, fe Callepo 8. Roberto Helin in Rowe, : ‘Marymount Universiy is Angeles, anda Jesuit Novia Sant Barbar, Tamale very happy to acknowledge Ma McCord Adams, ny ecte daring my ees a Ue University of Califo Ids Angles for hes high standard hard woe, and sting att rl: Frreadingealer dats fpr ofthis bol ‘Aan Wolter, Clford Koss), Gardon Wilson, Reyaond acken, aod Jerome Brown. Final, T thnk the’ American Philosphcl Sosy forthe generous ant, Lops Universiy (oF Chap fr ny esearch ee 19878, and ay ealleaves ‘he picnophy department there ordi warn and constant ‘ncturngenent. MutContents 1. Irodtion 2, Relation as Being and Ratie:"Thomas Aquin 3. Relation as Mode of Being: Henry of Ghent 4, Relations Thing: Richard of Medivila 5. 6 1. Relation as Thing: John Duns Scous 3. Relation s Condition: Henry of Harcay elatve Terms as Connotatve: Wiliam of eka 8. Relation as Concept: Peter Auteolt 9. Conchusion Works Cited Inde 19 150 m4 187 11 Introduction ithe hiteenth nd ey fontesnth ene many thinkers ‘pif rer neering eo Mons, for elon were of prmetenlogeal nd ptlsoph= ‘alingetance, The dace the Trip the most ouetand= ite thelal rape Christan thinker faowed Augustine ‘pealingal etre vie persons arcantuted some ws} ree elaons one muic.Aathe wits of Aro became svat the West tbe hier ey, nny sotto {Unletond more cle fe doctrine ofthe Ty y adapting nine of Arse thx on rel ain, hs theo Itgal docrine rnfweed reson in ome psi ‘ores of elation the bb! that he Tan of pesos, cnt- ted by rela is real and nts product four mind persed some tore mundane lan, clr sia Tyand eqoly in eg, arent reducible sil to our way of ‘paring the ng elated Purely pilosa coners ried questions abou he peo tengtoe accrdedretons Foren sodhen tome ‘Tommonlsveoncepts a Henry of laa and Wan of (Gey ed sry latins net acum eves “Theres chogethat hese scons render aniertlcoeeps ‘ibimry a stete con be eased ony ser determing ‘tec te ify cetensebanng between co-specthe dee pnercindlarethemsevesotiary ands Casiaietacter tic heat iho Tentedns fhe nel the oct? [Xe these ais in sme way ain by mane? What ‘ald hice? Portherore son thinkers ened ke paris Gf thetr omolopes pd eisai tes of relatos. Henny of Ghent ugh tats creates ata execs ae Tao Gea fee ene, a Dans Seo wed hi own ‘hey treatin dhcuingtracveandinlve coin2 Iducion 1. The Problem of the Ontological Status of Relations “The tase i of dsang let he ys xt wt ‘cay sce Region diay wee ba sok ‘Eun ilrences betcenstenethcmaang tele tem and thet ening abel tess at, fom ener wy eS Mi tenet tet tection ah eesti Sen tr an ‘Wino stan Sno ong og acted tran Oe depen nt anaes oS, ie i bts rs rope of Oc Leake ‘hiss bccn te sere Sans whe Sins it, sutcnensconig le ems pend hwopters Mane texters sme yee etch of tiene tnenet ceding omic ‘Teunnerr ce on atoll {pammata snes In ‘Dare Sous amie sb eatg te atated Som Wat in ‘Dee Seo eer a Wie of Gein compton went on ‘herbs en. Wh preci mel 9 Seer ‘ese of lager un eg lr a ‘Wim of Oetane Wha rail of Osteo play atc ent ennest Dae Sete tr hn Wo Shorr hn Ban Soe Hore petites ing Shore hn Ban Seoe Hors iene ‘nhc mete band ithe aiteal Arslan ae prectelge? "For centres thi ype faa wasthe stander view anit regulted, cnstionyor nt, he best minds. Herand Rosell rue tgt tur te chet sours of Lebmis mephyia ‘tines! Ie was not wl the mieten cenry Ba he 2th en ld ad orate dees ta ‘Serer ane anor a Senge ae cena basi treet abril encanto te ruin 3 Inadequate fanysctecae eran eats ‘ate tare: Suh tind wok om he loo elas rit De Maa nd contaund wih Poe, See, ollie Wikia masofsatonens int ofeoes 5 spunea Frees proved Gavong oer tin) 2 cleat ihr rear erencns Conely ete sng Ehatbue ws eet can be eal Ronco at fe acs a i ig {econ aobe canyon, maneo lve = ‘Sr Verona ces Pa sles Dp Wi eck ‘de cane opel orm ese stent eee ‘en and when cans rie ad quar here Sioed pow iand chop eens Tens lea hhc =a Seana See {deere ord hy Have soieetanena bing Flow Tete wy feng erento, wy aot peace? ‘ete ance’ ora ee cert sty ‘eluceoei eb n,ware ty reduce aura ‘Gato eo setae cc ae hy Ae te spa IOs Fie chap fre uy euple h ty propel on of ev or more SSE Recep barn hae spp ot mae nas atin eee wy oad sentra be Seedin te ral nd 2, The Late Medial Debate over Relations “The enaeement tht mark contemporary discussion over the ‘log! oats of elaine a carci the debate of Seespie cere deen. ile UO ps hy sed aed ei Recreate een Sao nan oe 2 eh on iyo ee eee Me gl Sarath te Re ey4 Iason the hircemh an et fotenth emis. Acorn othe ec ror ae age ‘i So uses soapy tee wae “Fain schotass tat Flaions ext indepen 8 the i “Phen arnos wooed toe terra whee ‘one artnet butt pees metal stats'o ‘cord them In anvering ate question, hy eqn ‘Sl whchre relates ene ue hinged ut ifs how tine Tet emily they sede ein dso ts nin To nao “Gitnskson pone cect Gemeente ‘er rena Sich an undewndiog i sn atcany pec ithe seron dade be osterath ie that changed an deepened the medieval debate. Por preliinay remarks we neces 2.1, Relation as Accident “The pra scumpton ofthe ate mies. over ‘na ve io am Arslan cdot! The arias nis isasson agreed tat relations onal Fes wher ce may be, mst be exined i ts. teingin ering ina atgect. hea erdel Yor under ~Eininghe debe. cathe othe strangeness met in ‘medi theories a elaton Today we ght tal of on sm Teil relation Tf calor siiaty between two pices of ‘hie cal and, Bat rte meses there arto really ‘inc outers, there mar be wo seal iin aecdent Seb engi mr mr noon Seagrass "Pca a Ra ral Poi Feta efit Seo an Be {Parner eee fra Steinar, ie Somes Pa Pa HE Insdcion 5 Beingan accident ean tan cui tat sochow hove ‘tween he tg ened oi stl er ibe In Lie ik Ton Sn (1087) aes thoi nbs Scant er" yan eH, gestions fo tmasecn in Cah cmp ko emaursmny ab sted on mace only of whines eA mame dint relat of ‘fray Robots bed ona mene dnc accent afte ining Threats cht Temes Fuhemore sachet ted pon Sethe ler hs aha wees hich ot a inert Snes hha egry ofreltn, they are led ateorel retin’ See Caen uti sjend Spon canes a oe ‘Sova rion, Aotearoa rial TPIT yea thn cle he je of he rerio oy aor in ode Inking as ‘alte whens gee one oni Conese ib ao ely reed fo) H the ‘She of ie crits Rif sey te tesa The ‘ness dn ire odin fb clan KA es Tesch reed o wand bathe xzemesorreia tthe me "The medi fin cnehod of cag rl elton, etal caper 0 Sen ew TRE ca tepey fbn vad ead Sere else fos nenes a eer see Te this debt ch eso ings am the ned fo do ee aba bts es Wh eich iane, re ea tarts seats ata an ‘eset eB i me "te FO pee Pn en 1 ob. i in sca ern si oh ose "ea hai Mi6 Icon eta atte artis «lan ae aa ‘SB siecle den re 9 piste ot ome more the sub (a). 22 Typesof Real Relations Tet e Tetra en hie sees ee ee ie Sua ree Seas maa Saat oti inne ronicticee cree meas Sooneitienstan Scenery mechan Spoceeagytenaecitenndoas Sea ee Se na cater oti med Mere ut SES ar et Shey aRaaiateaargom en reenter te Seen stage 2 eee SecaoSe connec ay shine der Aine nga at he sat esp ngececerohemasuceaettenie Tear ee nc Thy a hn echng nf a ‘iPr fy wo es a fed ‘opcrequin sates) on nibs tation thr eect gan (Ce Stepondn Furie he dato of ge ee, ‘gt 8 ays ce Stas mee ett Kn robin 7 isl, nd negontyaefoondd on the spetic mates me quent wich hese cert‘ “Cran cin hay Te dato. ine scents of ston nd pasion and ea Fen er cage te pres te retort hat bess to hereon oe ree Bhai andthe elton wat cn cto wt canbe cat inl, Atte’ third clas coms of elation Involving the mesure and he seas As an example he Bes the ‘elnion betwen the Known the mesire) andthe knows {Ghemeaared) The formers deserbed Wy a eave em, the nt only Beau the ower realy read Tit nay schol, Aguas bleed Astle aught dat telat in this hd las ae ont, and relations in tie frst and recon clase re mat: Mut reabons fan ‘scot be tea whe th non-sata elons is eal and Riso resto. The difernce between these later two ype of relton canbe grape in terns of ter cases A relon of {eaton ie ensed depend forks estenceon the acy {ome nin Areal elton eatredand depends ors exstence fon some real exta-ental foundation in the subject of the Sate ‘a ist pin, sn chr neem fhe sat Ho tse of ato bicep Sona teen gd ee Titclaneinc ie tga dtl era csr sortie fect" Aguas pier sro compote Some const atne cona tin te heme final sets gene’ ues cumple be ge on {Sonat ny et eg tga ancamplo te elton flea and {or Gi he ced cmp of he lan os cums ‘being to the right of an animal. "nar 3, nama at Phamenniehy at ansbtanc go OR Sade ease the aon8 Iirstucion ‘Many of tose aching at selaions of Atte’ thin! (psjeoloi) clas are non-small ht the wer i ‘eal veld tthe exta-mentl thing known sod the how thigis related ony by reson othcknower. The nowersod he sewn ae vel distin, and there sa rel foundaton i he tamer fo te rae enfin ing kao he onde titeg he vel net of owing inthe ower Hebe heres Fealrehton nthe knower tar he own. Butasarssed Shaper Ti Seren Si tren creping dan ‘Sbsinr ows nd win esti teres, “no real elation t61 in the Dg known Ha Ue S Nes ros rey tyra estar dias ner ‘Sree te fe scons Swen God and re “iv tec ep ste at “Sea ves a iy Cod a et meni eon fn. The oe of hee ‘Bimeen Govan crates aren faced tht ok of he chur comment on te St of Peet Tabard, wound dneton hn. Ti Fecme ee ‘ie pion dscns oreason 23, AKey Textof Aristotle Ine ch nd ety omen cnn may te ‘a ee day oh op Sato) Se rama fone Sone ernment Seba at ea ‘oubegintobe rely reitedtobwth no change ng, baton a ‘Bia desnat chang, esis cea argument was ey marys Bh belo an 0c er Sr eo Mews rerobaton ° se een cc: mnt te a a Se 1 Sint Ss ae at tes ay ae a ee ets ev olor ‘tet empty recon rated RS fon nda a eel exten a ent ne ra esto be tate eee Reo es i Se er cao oso create Eee rie ean ae RST ed wa eoe Seem as ‘es iach eas be cough se aa ee cee nied tg verre ld mann she pment at ha aon fe dma her agent tha as and Gatngited ory connected ihe caonry ere fn fe chapel fen of relatos ater {ithe Mile hye, some oro stag, the Nig ne Ht os we eb ‘Beka iy ods an ke epee, Acorn 0 PAL seat hn tit er: Bois Rae Rew te a Lk ns [EiniciinCotnn dt Get ce, Op a Pre ic gh, Pies ‘etn sa fag ai ee oe aon Paes ener tS on a a el Exc qs pe on an ge teh ce, eet let ican stile Sera e Ten apn tua on0 roduc inal Ri (108 hy aged hs a ey wold ‘eam scrlent nd would ere is ste n aap epee ine ea See eae eae realy for relions, absolute Heats 2 FH Bradley ed @ form of the infinite regress agument and were cctzzed by [Ronse As weshallsethschargeot an infieregess becomes Import ithe medieval éebut, being levelled against Dune SE by Tey of Hel, Wit of Osta and Peer “To cam up: the medieval conceived of real etegoricl elton (opposed ba relaen reason) asm aceidentexing iasubjcrasoundson and ter are tree basic Hinds of real nteorcal reltons numeral etal nd pyebologiea. These sumptions aust be Sep in ind order tomes he ‘medicals’ we of Arse, paral his Pot text, and the hare of nnd eres 3. Conclusion “The dvesy of theories ha emerges fen this medical on rovers sting. One reason or tis dversty the vary of ool the schlades brought tthe question ul {ela Aa Thoms Aqinae ently fer from that of Due Scots anna ifer om that of Willa Oca 510 be ceapected tat hel thee frelon wil elec hve dilfer= feces. inthis stu, Treat the theres on renin to hens feeeatnbloges Premed oe thes ais become more perpioods fe tare who ar aay False ith the ontologies of pri igure that who te note fa, bby following the cots of hing on ‘lan san excler yay to roduceonesel tote ai of ‘nts T ese upon the histori figures to be examined withthe Intention of suring a wide spetrun of competing tears. To sure ts deri, eho such major inkers ar Thomas ag, i pt Te a, Irasduson u ‘Aguas, Heory f Ghent, Joho Duns Seo, and Will of ‘Oaths Thee hereof elation are exeted in tems of key, ‘ment of tc opposing piles" Thomas dortane of ‘being, Henry of Gen’ dncine esc! Blog and modes ‘of existence, Dune Scot? reat onsogy, and Wil of ‘Ockham’ understanding of ree eos as connate, There sreahost of ter gues tobe sted, andthe irate wes neon ef my om stay aod interest Ae read hough the texts of We often neglected Richaed of Mail, Henry of Hil, snd Peter Aurel, Iva often plese spre by their aginaliy, wench cris, nd deviled consieraon farguneas. Tanslatos ofthese medial tens on reins are virnaly nonexistent, aston hat reat resis the mumaber ‘of tose able to ea the primary sources As part remedy, 1 huvetrasated io Engishramierousey tents nrelaions ‘tious medieval thinker For thous tne to esd solic Tai however, L have opted the folving pale. When ‘modem etal editns are readysvabl, 2 wih Thats ‘Auta, Duns Scous, and Willan of Oca, Tonk ce te feleences inte notes, cept we tpn a hve Ue {ino iil om Ian For tho caer ‘where such ere cio are not easly amiable or T have wed mmuscript Sources, Tine he Laine te noes. ave tied tose a balince beeen the presentein/ crn of agents and 2 salt tol aecrunt. To th tnd have extracted edna pots around which the dete Fernie and formated them in hese designee (12), Whe cn i ot wire ei om whe, and by examining the argument for and agains. Theses we ean se why they ier ‘Sine I ocs this sty, vith is theses nd srguments, oo the questa ofthe ontologies of las, Text else theseraltheslogel nd alse that depend upon ‘theo ofrelaion. Thiol be ifeatt secampich fr one Faure, much es for even, believe, however, bat | prowde a ‘apt sone uncharted tery tha wil help hers washing © ‘amine these mas, At the ed of Chipte Tw I do allow ‘nye one example w show how sh undemtendiog a's pesos "henry ofrelation deepens ont apo oer patois hog,2 Iursducion Fil, Lhave come tthe eneanon that inthe couse of the ‘medal discussion some scholar bean cineevg. of 8 ‘elon a non-traditional ays sna 1 that ound in some ‘any modern phosophers. Tere was mote roms rao sive eh soil infsenee, Tam convinced tat there was iis change in bow a slaion wae conecied mong the thinkers {reatamang them tems intent oftelate edit peso, Butthismatesmore sense ate folowag te sta cous ofthe ‘bate tt trace besa ih Thomas Aqunes who started ype te Ss and eding with Atel, hot 2 Relation as Being and Ratio THOMAS AQUINAS “Tomas Aquinas (1224/5-78) was among he fis shols= ‘es tomate wth the problem ofthe realty of elton thin the Aristotelian fark ouied in he Intrafution. As one ofthe fit to use Aries mesapisis ae Christan theo- toa, he od not raise mc les st, ll evant question, ‘ordi he spose ak weer eal elton dnt rom its Youndston® This expt formation ofthe problem eame Inter Consequently he nat ear on some fundamental pins, panty as eased hin ob interpreted eal by Iisalowers! Neves, na suber ars worse deat in ‘epth anew he protean his plea as ach the nce charters af is hing 1. The Two Ontologies! Constvents of Real Relation Fundapentl 10 ‘Thomas's theory of relation Wvouphout his sree ihe4 Relaion Bigand Ratio (11) cathode seen cei erin te bee ert Ban om ele ee evan hea pean” Fiat ee pelony rma shut hte to con sp lon ea yn omg secs TGR tt elo whats mene by he st mtn, sce eng Felling Atte Thoma ins that sens et ‘yng a piney et uhmee foe Ibsen foal tnt me eg fret Seed acs am mt hep tna tug fesse stg ese Sey po ae an scm, os ot tin pore gh ale Bete ot ofan en i sone Acndn 6 ‘Thomsen atte tal sess "fg sie ace nl nds Nec sate macnn nthe (2) Forcach of te ie mel api siden ‘chelate sa eto (13) Tinks hens deen on had ees cnpon iba omtiog pind Buh 2) 3 a re eet egy elon? Setanta tena When esas Dilan estat § ih. aden chr Se Red Cnn an tS he er ee TiefSerd he aa capstone ihe bap fidence Bgl iaag:aaneiaa ey, ‘Tamas sis 15 ceidat beg, he speaking ony of rea cateorcl elaons hic have some ena-meol big, not of rdatans fan, "arte, wlesastance thease os tide there eran de by wh th sceldnt lw rom the subtnceIn ‘uteri substnes,quenty isthe fest celdeat pen which fel alleter ease ecient, The acide’ ofa relation |sfoused neil n snober acide rd cation he Susie" I then, we want to knew about the acide being fare rela, we need alok ails eusera seiner and (ther accident ofthe substance. esiesacdenal being, common tall nine aiden eat- gories Thomas cas wid (Tl) tat we can consider what [Euadaton ntfors ealconrction othe kao "Howee is exo bee se pe one spn Thomas (18) comes tobe ox ceases be ely rete ubourh ‘ene Shang oe undnon hats anor iiefondnton at orien Hence thing own, wld be licen fr a be felprinednbtatire\croncctngeinbeouedaton of, ‘ern onchange sith ie nein nah tam hee = sai cept hrs Es her tanh laraat emit argh e” KelaionoBeingond Ratio elas Ie and Rare mutual if and oly aR and HR, 20d ‘oth Rand Rae realtone. For then ‘Tolstoy ig the ‘thor of the book and the Pools weghngies than Tolstoy wil hint ema reltns” Something more mt be al about ‘he elation and thet foundton. Tha hms Ufo !sedisinetexra-mena ings, anthereltions between and ‘ren and ma veya fr te lato (don va ei) Tere ths condo at « fave iene reason forthe relation Rt ht he fr coven Koo) wen aye fonda Pru beofdhesame ype, So, iteand are distinct extra: oena Tg Te eS (710) ‘The relations R and Rare real snd muta fan oly if ‘here arerealext-mentl ounaonsof the sme pe ia ‘forthe rsaea Rta and infor teen Boe, lene those restos obtaining between Tolstoy an the book Se not mata! since he founistane are not ofthe sme pee ‘ting (an action) and weg (quate accen). "The ition that wo things cannot be mutually eelly salted ifthe to foundation aeincommenseble ie ial ‘ierent Po ecample take relionsol Assos cls. The 208 hy the rel lation of simliybetmeen wo white ‘pe La color. And he reson why the ea elton of qaly ‘tinea between wothings are mutuals athe each have $ foundation othe ame type,» quanta nce of te ame ype, such as height wee et. "Thomas argues that the personal relatos inthe Tiny ie paternity and ition, are Fealand menu Thelrfoundatos are af he wate pe, indeed inthis unique case they age numeri the ane, the die are which they sare ee ee I ee ‘Tom Apis 3s “Thos chains al eats arg hat re members of ‘Aas frst and second ds whe pon-mua relions {eo be found sniong Abts ted claw. We hae ready ‘Senta celts fhe est cls a rite forme Tea eon tut what latons of he seo and thd Sine ‘DepuingGom Ars, Thus clans thet bth these class of etn teed on aon a pasion oon sere sol psn poi’ Teal hor he ton fone ype of aon ce acon or pio te power fers onion: Thsmoweon hoa’ pat messes sce ‘Risto ted nator of fe oor he kr, [te basoonheactnot ining And we slo, Tht fava teen one fornia the hid cas siasedon stone iHeappestobo cases the criterion formu elsion: i and bate deint exea-mntl ings hen {T10) The rebions Rand Rare el od ual end only theetrereaiewrs nena fondaionsofesame pen ‘orth celasontofandinb forthe resin Aorist crn nd scien Stat ocr eeatnee ai alan sem irre ieee faci nhaen seal tenets Secestmucensieiesiahe Wicretonmignbns pabaeka yee h Sica arnt eon Tecate nit ip Cr gp ne Rca ma erator pends brane Sacre Sale Wad te snc EBD pena aneraton nh36 Relation Bing ond Rtn Inthe case of the elaion betwen inorer and know, the Snowe now some ig Mcough x spiel or nou matea ‘gion The srl acon the oud ofthe el dation (kode nthe ower ovat he known Bat there 0 feandno othe same ype nh hing hon ethers no ‘aresplg spi passion, Inc, there are cars og otohich her ing) ae deed ‘Toca lop operon sn oe ses Ts seta fame tha shan eer eon ‘ee epircredin te goowsre ln n tes. de te pg ken wh ‘i be an Bar day nch one wl ca a Weck y auch am ace teat ee at ‘Singer er An 0 Shope one tne gow of eel “Thoms olds hat the bj ex in hema o pysi onder the kneel ofthe ntl o neon ‘ender The physi order canbe diingiths frm the ten {oa mathemati, mor pmychic and spon orders. And hese orders areincumensiae, Le they ck common fais {ee compruon, Sore he nteoeal eof nowledge ‘tere rer rom he atural rr of te ajc, aso ey Arcincanmentrable no fhe same pe scaring to (TD Fes ih covenant he sows. ret, wits (C11) Thomas pts the onder ine {sin ht things of ay ferent pes are icomaen: Se snd cannot be mawalyeomaed ines of is cory {Tama el elo eget ofthe sane one "Ws le doe Thos mains theron beeen line momma He on oo tae the gem of rested ting by which the ‘rete ered Co Show Gonos God Sn rence ancl rated. pe sessning ere thao he oder o the acon of whichseresar he ‘ret, hiro esol Ja mom: omatma ie hea int he inte he bean Seabloccg e Rat Somat Lg 1.42 [ ‘Moma Aquinas 3a sae elim hn cn eb fen elec ra Rey Giaaectac naa core oneal « cet he eiciaat ee efeacTete seen eile berate lenges Eorceenbactatetaeemmnae ict ieee emcees Sone mance eto herde i cer aamege tm cticiuarmiarartee wae Scheel atsneetonre sea intoeiatcansieeee rr eo aeetditveee Rt het eg ce ee aerteicer comets Cariae ett Pelee ne ane eee Pectebisgctertcmtients ate ere betisen arsentedaeo oe mnie SS so a he een cca ina tes ae operaciones Sores chavs ceed paces Soe aie cera Ree chericekeehae seer aorta aogier Seats Frm ety Tm eee se cea tame rein Ce ee ea heels Serco eine ares cee © Forearm Smt Sha Shad Ween abode Da Bat oe ‘Sect Anat Sah SOP WE.38 Relation Being and Ro seres,spropetly the oon fore eatin of de- endence sch i creton. Fores) seston roa {hte pendence of etl big ea Source ro hh et Ftd so enn a the cee repo funda o St erm coreponn andten of same bp in t-te en he srpune i De Poet Bch, God et ‘rte ep eesti Heer tom tot orca God sneer a of tly lent gules some Gere stn env ame the oudsos hese pe aed he criterion (110) for watual real relations. 8 ed by other in desing wit the Cian myst of ection Thoms rtm he gl Arte ea foteny/az wh tsb natn henge, scene at {Senctartneeeed insist inl heen ‘Thema’ aetttion of rose dependence atsnsce. den’ restr Gol west in ro feu se on tnd esprispn Many havea ae ate elas teat the Gul-retre ean te neat very ease ‘icoan ter of ean muta td o lh ‘Etat of reaver oeiie pes san, co nd bore ss bec oe st ceeawe aaa “Ho CEMA Gi ars om sna CO ir tn rates Sigel 1 heen ih Ga ec ie Tae wre WAC ie inom diay honey Mack poner nesters hones Agia » ‘maivtes Thomas to deny that Go becmes really related to ‘restres at ereaon. I athe his Senseo be anscendence ‘ndotheres of God3 Relation as Mode of Being HENRY OF GHENT: Hievey oF Guten (1299) scalar mstr of theology Pass ffom e1235 t £1202, cob in important way to the ‘evelopment of selmi thought inthe st quarter of the fee cen.” He plee role in he condemnation of 1277 beng apolaed by Ese Tepe, shop of Pati ot cenmiin dew ohne nd nee conden ‘ropotion. isn wrngs reves 4 conserte tker {oncerned to upheld the primey ofthe Augustinian ton Ste ol eran canta ‘cvs the withthe badness fo create « metaphyseal ‘sem of his on Among cer, Jon Dune Scone developed tinting response 9 Henny postions “Ass tovbe expected, Henrys discason of the ontlgiea sibrremunr panes ete ates a ae Starlet ticles Ont end Segoe te mo op Hen of hen a sta of retains feted the medieval dat With eet 0 {hore who prea him, parley Thomas gloss les tf Rome te dc aks an ‘stents? ee, inven by en’ deerme of esental being. Looking feral» ae ‘eaminlog slong nid aeompleriysndfulloes afd hither noun ake socecting estos of he probe, 1, Prefimingry Remarks onthe Metphysies of “Henry of Gent As wl apn Pian Augie bah eal ed “pisersolgea esos were sup fhe ese an placed ‘indanfahahe sutnomo acy fhe eit Heary ‘Ghent share thor stun end ath he ws no ore “omvined than they tnt he ehenging,conising dia of te ‘Sees ean provide gore bi forte fe, unctanging k= iedge of metaphysis © Nw» dat gad no hab because of ie ry soi i, ep ris dee ite mtety incpabl, of Demscvey, of ing inmable Tnowldge ist theres tenet atone ns suble ‘ting pol fr mean Tne wings fb So ene fund his sang the oto eng Inhsepatenolg, on Sins aught at he st ‘Conceptefane itso big BY rst heseams tsteribe both ‘temporal and aia priory the ntion of ing. He aes the conroreral ocho pin at hing anbing ad 0 teccsny ee sucht they endl ae presed onthe ay pen an Gant aes we Sitesi Se SHa Relation x Meo Beng soul by ft impression tht eno eqied fom others beter naw than hese * ‘Bute makes more dan + merely pcholgelpnt. For he ses he notion of being athe pint of depute for his mets. The noton of beings lal priory othe ether ‘dns we posses, nd bctuse of tis pry ican be used ss ‘is meuplyaeal strung post Eom whl ents the whole amiculted stem of is metapys,Alohernotins ae in Some sense "contin i’ the ntl noon of ing. The mets Pigs progreseyexplcates these otons,unfléing his Incopnsis vough ver mre speci determinations ofthis frst notion of beng Inti proces bn Ste moves from the Sot of cing to te noone of necesy and possibly hen to ‘he dvsons of pose or created bing, substan and is eeilens inshore epee Following Tb Sh, Henry as meapyscen eats fom the orion of bring the two mad note, the notons of each ofthe tegores and finaly aie by fhe determinations tthe {nue essence of the particule ching known, In what fll T It ece Hens move ram noton ing hae of the teres (Sections Two and Thee, aod wf ths eovtent resents theory of lations (Seeuon Four) In Sections Two ind Thee I present ony ouines of hs metaphysics, thse ‘estat for undertandig shee of lation 5 cas Pgh nae 5 Dear poset td snp ain qt syranaubnedpupereed aia he nese "Scat ett on gay e egret a Camas ‘air, 1286. Lave: Owl XV. 9 Co Sums 2 Soin erirgl cee icici okt BA Eee Seon soar a Beets Gees oped Paes maine ny of he “8 2, From the Notion of Being tothe Categories ove ene po eprops SOL antec ae er at ey cin sha seer por can Ue, cher xing win of See ces at aa a ie tie tuced pentane ed eta uremia ae a tanec Sisco tc tele Nae bane apg oe eae any some incl and wh sey tye Biches Ae ae eh. Sete fom ec et sas ‘atin mee coptv Being they io do orca exist ouside eer a ee cet rss Sem ce fc i nso mercptalecere Nemertina Bethe 2 nie lee corn Eek genes oi Se ecto ‘eee tn epee do dscasiceienemee SENS pide gece gah che Seer Malema ite See eee soteee ees Secchi eri Sateiencee cee naar“ Relion as Mode of Being posi. ta wha ellom am concerned withering Eisen, Henry singe the rl goin sve nto tag ich ete nes snd hat whi et song Sain Got exe oncssiy oe serene ese conten, Lettres osc ext ore in'mot tx of Henny te re’ oa posttiyi foande slimy on he dite ea od hace Hs ov rete dary ihe ros et ol ows ec pe of {pining eine ey {erty aol an fee probed cma She gf hc ty Gon sence ge otis Bh sno ie et coe The ico heats ono eet fens Hitec gn em ee see {vn ect enone ye ye se Se eis oy es “Stig wich wie pence Gal hmong ‘other than Gos san "hai cy cel ini Hey re ign ker Bes Rint niet Fa 6 tan hp 28 Neg ool Mahdi Ceaeak 2 0 Hey f Chet 6 mp eatin it oh i coc rer see hire Sirumaneigets arta we rece Se Se at ee oe Stes nah cdg Sel Seats pea gla sects tr Set ae Matera cee otinae hike tag tirea sey eb sn ing el i Toei cell colt Sua ety cmon erat acho [rsiealSteluseensete mass Dea? seer iy ci tem ace nae oateziteaeetoraercwanes SNEuNiaclecs “Disab wih ion ines tears nd {SSeS Satie on ‘tesserae leer a STARR a ln al acitmattamnnaninae cee ek Ta ‘eRe en hes = eee ‘oho reining: Sse et lec) aera giamtlecete edie Soe aes Serene aan carat ceermamn ens Roce ere a a ed oe ce sce bons ee EEA HM te 9 Sot inzEheaeannerdim' fea =eRetin os Modeof Beng hte hing acne state eters "hi creation Gl chee seta same of thes sens eee acetates eed SS ees Soe ieaecs eer Gighitmatetotinct cooctiarg Soeiecieteeracnun tated tee caer arariacnet Seep cnedooteee como noe eer rary at hr tel momma Estep etna eerie a eee erected ceases ora hinted est rsa staan ec tesons inne frmaliton of ths distin Hey ys "emer ae “Tae hu dn ps ae ee es edhe Vet Mri niney She ae Soames ti ee mies Ree py ea of Chat ” ar ih hw at ae ely oi in te sme high. somes fic erp a oned such tse of hem comet inks arin ‘le nego esrb ecco al ‘hececpe opens lene bates ssiplespees, remand tit Acorngh, Hens’ own criterion fora intentions dstineson i ab ae really the sume and nether the concept ts inclaes tet of nor vice vers, ten a and Bare ventional dns, Hog tak ince mean tobe thesameas, or tobe part or tofolow au ncerary connequence fr ‘The conept of extent existence nt includ ia hat of hamanig for espe Althts nuded inte canes anata slaty. Hirani re thig’ a bse uti etoralyexsag in essential being Tat humanity be tual! by God creative power in Serates and Plato is cident ntincaded he eneace ofhumaniy. Hence, there iran neta tncton ny, Pato, betmee what he is ie mim, and hoe he ext eh este being. This ‘datiocon between esence and tence, between what sme ‘Hingis and how exit found ll ctor bing and is tone ofthebeysto understanding Hen'sheory ofthe catego. er tof hoor eit a wea ae SE See cet tee see Seas Eat eestor Sis eects nccrsl eb, SB ehh sai dei Pan, Macphee Waking, DG4 Reto es Mode of Beng 3. The Categories Inch ctegoyshers i dininetgn beveen the sand hai ofthat emg Bye orn Henry means ea hing, Satire able esence Hence inquire abo he re xtegoy i Inge about the essence ofthe eae that ‘hegey. The mi refers to he mode of exing pel 0 ‘bes othe arg. th thing ceo er hn erate acy. fs ooimee pct rosa ele ing een of heinrich gore eine ae ea Ti presi Int ty cai ofa myn “Toundestand ay ne category, then one mu derstand the ‘ype of things or etences at ate ntoded in tat extegry md ‘Eo the way or node of exiting pear thse thins. ‘All aogier have the vate or mode of eng of pare being eves this ener mde of xe being ito vo othermedes of eng. sa pura yt cto ertusm cman ae ‘igen in x wre eo ue aang eq isi "SG a nn png de noe meester i Scant eS ST Steer THe IN ccs Ce Sr, Hea Ghent ” Fi thereon ig nao athe ai of hae cil capo ded ee pea rat ck gh {jeeagomefetetnc fom tbecegreea he sdens ert, ppd ng ing oy eo ak SE ic ele ee any he wi rear! Hecnse anes 2 tit yeas sn ne cor oe peer te eneery scent eae mcs hing wid beginner erg rin. "There are certain ‘el hing ie. cern esences cr asote satrerexisingnesealblag,whichiftey xitineiental beg ese In themes There ae aber sch re things ‘hihi they ens in extent being o so in another way, Tamed by inerng fa anther. Por eam te essence af ‘iitesesls such atfitcomesto exist in erential being, wl ‘ota ns owo, but wl ihe nano, "Thre re arer dso auihecnegoy ofan disguise acrting two ode of Dupin Slog Oy internat Fo eg peta orefing beings ster ei Scandaskel() ‘wihrape oma Ie ets focal ‘elu snd sy. ne send wae rete her ne ‘hep of scan ple fermmoni wih ert redaret So ist iPass ct0 Retin as Modef Big ‘As Henry claborates is theory of the atezries" he pels ext pean cma of en ae ho Cater These noestowhihitpertainsninhereinanother ‘say an dosoinoneof wo way eher by qaifing ir subjects ory measuring hem, The former ae the aslue teed the eatery of qui, wile he ater ae fhe Category ofan "The eason quan and quis thax yinkerenc are ssid etait sot sash cul ext nxt tring separated rm subject. Tat er mode exsence ‘proper onl to substances™ Raker they et solely Besse Ste cident re Yea thingy in Hens seme of abate Pues essence, nis, quanes and ques fave some- thingin common wi substan. aly dey arable natures, ‘eyeny el hing This fll since sy hey ae the ter ‘of the divine ide, ihe watiaws aye nt Goo cance of Hines abet einited. Onl sah real hing can aiate Go i en i nl fale ata tht scan bythe dine Hers ats behind Heay repent ‘Sterns dha the only reed things (re) tnt xs, cern ‘oe etna beng are substances, uae, nd guar Silene whole ules of reared eer hes genera things, mmc substance, gat, fal gun wich nee snong theses thy ha hey sg ng Whih ‘ature and some ence to which belg peas’ ‘One ofthe mom skin etre of enn docine ofthe categorise sharp dson he makes between thei hee ‘Sedat eateries and the last sven ele’ categories He Tow saportin tn iucal te of Bots hd fen in oa Set eatin racemes {ge sania mew every en Snead pace “eh nS ae wate gata pee eee ecg toe tance aac eia io eedbeal SIC Nac si Seaton et Hey Ghent 3 isco of lan. Henry refers tit equ Bolus inch md et tegen Bei en? ‘othecromentselte ting db ee gaa ‘edad ne i wy pent ing Belg ent ‘eed net pt ot be some, but ahr Some ‘tick somegeera ie 1 Honey's temincogy, cach ofthe ten eategores has arti ot rode a being proper to But only the fst thee aboite ateoreshave tps or proper othe. The steven drve ‘rey (rs) om he as ue Ta support of us Heary argues "OF those tuee modes of bing, reve, the Sst fo fe exstng by subi and ensng another abso are so. dere that they are ‘ogee tcompetle, nor cam they come about in the ene Foris noe et engtanoer pest t Ut nto hich being pertains So what fa sbytance must be ‘her than wats quar quan. Si” he argues tht the mode of exiting of = quality, i. inring in subject by Mfecngorquliying i, Sincompatblwid ewe of esting ‘quant, Le. inheing in subject by meauing it, When. ‘eaing wih absolute extepores one can conclude from adver Sy oftodes of eng tos eversty of dings. In shat, Sd bre ents of fzent abate catego, ne nly oe 1 Sa Sat L190, gi i ee et “SSR eu te ess per urs gsi o e a moa ater ona nea odes ‘sete snmp ‘ona a gout cm ren po ‘meer a emi tripe unos ee Reta Sa ea52 Relining thie rns or modes of exence ferent, they ae also ‘een ngs 4. The Category of Relation 4.1 The Ontological Stas ofa Real Relation "This ston dae notol in ay ofthe stsereneteoies. pra toes natal forthe exter reat, Nether Tide prope ts ubmance (abe nae) nore mode proper say nd pay tn mar ae) a tina tte mode proper os relato Go be ovard anes) For foe th sme Bhingean cnt to sbaoely a lai at the tame sine Por beloganwsranather according to the ‘Steguyof aon eal seo pain to at hingto which ert binge cording ae ato category ofan sate ecco For emote one thing witness en est inanotir a an sbslte eldentand aso wha respect nara tothe: Thi one of he sets Henry chine tat 2a) Fehon andi founda ae ray Meta, e.Metic thing Baths onda an etn wo way oF odes, Set andr ‘Asin, the gully of whiteness rel thing nein i ‘Sonne. Pty abe Sesomes wt, Stee Wome ely ‘EacioPnly ity Tiroler itso thing ade ti, Rae, tsa gay ‘of tienes nw bess adnal de of exiting: Fort “dan to the mode of exting by irene in Sertes a an “iol accident, the whens mow hs the mode of exsiog ‘wth esectowatd nate. hee sone hing wi oan ‘rmodes of exsing ore hs elation of sry ia eal aciden composed fara and thingaall oer egret she mode lf bcing rope to the extegry of elton, oe twa another ‘Bue the exerny of rekon (es abo the remang si ther tego dbesnothave te orking paper toi arelton chia cicini amici SED discs vg ea Hey of he sa 4 ts] ot aclu reson ofits reality which it doesnot ve of om, bat "contacts from the iyo waaher Drdicament of acedent apn which itis oandel* Asa tng. Eenscal with ts foundation, thowgh its mde of existing s ‘ther than Gat of te absolute thing tht sere as foundaton. Putin Heany’stecniel ern, an enliy af a absolute ‘ater that serves a foundation fra rea elation, tere Snventthingacssinginew nese menead Bec fh we fe sil aretha ron ‘a? {ea om i end e el nla esis a ‘edjacerunmnde dag eg var aner ends ting ‘bem iicfakttny smells iene cd Bigp cone fe emi fio “This docine onthe engl stats of rea ean fs oat thronhoot Henry’ ong eae. In is Sta B= ‘te, question ac (C1249), he summaries his poston on again nema fs and ao ‘hme ron one isa aii pare eon ltrs ofthc lve) Aneos tl ina ng ether a aance ma dent oreo Rar is pore Stee ‘gece tte th ‘nad fs ang roe elk mae es bcrae tlie bg neo wo ioe) Upton rape ea ng fam shat pry bh he en) and cae vcr ane ane+ elation Moe Being snelastmnytensneneyny ma “iisrion” ged che lke?” mi Pree indecent, scree trie aan rene ures nance este cereale rt sere teaaen SY i ctmriantys cchrmmcea ong terri iatoh secre semen oe ian ay jee ce rms ca Tate tn cree on hogs the undone ae ie cea ce ane gmin te Suncermenn 42. Intentional Disinction berweens Real Relation snd ts Foundation neat the distinguishing mark of Hea’ thon of lations is hi teaching that ees an intenona sine between a eal Telason ad foundation, ls te criterion for wn eatinal ‘sinned inthis ease? The ereron fra neta ‘teincion ‘and bare realy the same and nether the concept ofa Ingiaes hat of, or vie vg hen and einen allydisinge eo REISS ae aaa sa Sm 62, Heng of het 58 ‘Again Tube Sinchdeto mean ‘be the sme, orbe pat of oF fall a neces consequence rm "Fs, areal ean an ts foundation ae relly th same ‘bectuse heartening of rsinHenrysenge fsa ste er etenee Pure ican be conceded bathe concept of ‘gly te whiteness des ot alae the ence a say [itaiathconey flyin tothe gay at ‘vers foundijon? ng responds thatthe concep of snr does ince ‘hat of uly, ur ony of quality as inbering i pumesilly tree rbjectsandao serving athe foundations re elation ‘faim Burs sae he concep of ualiy spoken ofinthe ‘ein. Far there, by the concept of Ps mca the essence ‘ome i ie Leas lfereno any mode of exstence, ‘ich sr inberence m aumecely diverse sebjecs. THs mode af ‘ater nscelental tw ornatnsoedin te conept of yay So, Hes clams, wile Be concept of siminy does inde that of quality gu larng inthe verse subjects, doesnot Inchae that of guaiy simpler For Henry, then the Sal onion elie fr real relation bengintntionalycstoet ‘omit foundation. 43, Real Relation: Thing or Mode? sw in sen" Henny mento te psy of xen ibe emingef te teasing to nude te mod ofa hing 1h fel nen nm ta tt gc a te eng oo eh el Sebi seine Slop, From Seton wr tae tei bate he crated erase thus Apna Gi at Sinelac titi of Ghen ure tye at SS CER anys eh fs Sea wk Socata ganic inceneene os Freer Pui56 Relation we Made of eng Henry'spsionsthatarelrcations tobe called stig only became founded on ng, an aslte hing whi i Foundation The special elaonal characte ava, ‘mode ofbeing ward snaigr Bat ter argue tha bath rps faye rceton are nge Bath sxpece-“tat es eudedon 'nabeolte thing and talons ks term —eceal rie fom lot ace cased by realty ware). Hence, aged, bth equally be eile ahi The on aspect beng em th the foundaon, ie thing nan abet exogory, whe the ther [sting inthe category of rl, Ite won-Henican nflogy i asumed according vo whic al examen rakty ‘as oqal cote hone ting “ny replies that ‘isola dspte over a name, aliag by ‘he wide nme "thing? what hers cal a mode hing “He crnsnydcourges tis race, atti dote, hess it seen om hat etry ith enh hr ie tay and eae “things. relation” Oy that here ae many nd diese ngs ing thing” simply Hany own vw, bowen, tha ihe respect or made of Leng eled thing tisenly becuse tis fesndedon ome rat thing. relaion is real by season offs being Yosnded on szanethig rea and rhe rezon he jest el vee to ‘the tem A el reo ical thing hating a oder to ig {erm biti eal thing bean ae order wy tem" Forthatthas rel nder titer danske tating, bt ther vie vers Because acl reaton en thing reson ts Fondation something es) so thera rtonis thing baring smarderto i term andesite wie Hey of ent st 5. Concosion Henry of Ghen’'s denne on ration looks back 9 previous Aizen tone Tous wd to the debts ofthe four teenth cena, a “Along with ‘Thomas Aquinas snd Giles of Rome, he dis- gules wo aspects in ral rein, For hit predecessor these tea mao: for Hen they ater and raf bth ‘hoor the ft erm ofthe pal i pew, sare onde than te secon Butfor Thomas ee, Henty btn he ‘Bockte nue ot een, The base Prtonie-Aaputnisn seipie of enence eer uel n Hews tht nd ents in theory ofthe onl sts of relans git {iferen rom at of Thom snd Giese moto af Henry of ‘Gen theconseratie Doc Soe coud welbe Semper ‘en. flowig Plato and Augsine, something rel tthe ‘eens mutable, den the essences of crete re apart From God, the mantel they ae parle Pure, ery len plains reas thet than tse reas aus modes of tein Lite so much ee, then, Hen account forte spect ‘ea relational character of the wold in ere ofa mode of 5 “Henry ao loots forward, Inthe fourteenth century @ new tert ie ten eee eae Pree ee cd Hahei le alates ie romeo ‘Girne tintssctle ferme onset Sea Semedehcmitt, sc entpeantoete SS eS ‘esac ghee Se. T-18se Relator as Mod of Bing Fn he ani inl Gen ‘omega ate ‘eer oe tas ak ees ‘eprint Gh rapag e Seger enero oer any mode of existing: mene ett er ae nc aaa 4 Relation as Thing RICHARD OF MEDIAVILLA Since ost know lite of Richard of Medial (1245/9— 1302/7 few emacs on hi ie andneletal eatin are ‘eden While alco of Theology t Pris 1285 he was ‘Spinto coms to iavesigne the wongs of Peter Oli the allowing ear he ncepted as Master of Theslgy ‘vos tamed Fraaen miter pone ance in 120, Le war eed Door Cusimus for his eear and orderiy pretation and had an ntrest in pial ieee olen wing tpuments dawn fom experieneAlhough sly ofthe old ‘Sol of Augustine and Bonventre, be at tines departs ‘opting opinions of Thoras Aquinas. For example, Richard Fold that tesa knowledge comes through the abtactne cviy ofthe agent itelct wih ro need of special vine iuminaon But agsinet Thomas hesccordssone small degree of weal to mate so that Gol eld preserve without a fe han leet oso hs ry * aren oe Hand id eit sot eeigt ln enlace ‘Shee ig cae nas Pa A corr Pl “OE sen ne Lu Curse Pe PD aba mtn Stu Mie bag ees ea Pantset bon as Ss eM nd et oy te ero Peo Sonaintceso Relation Thing 1. Richard's Theory of Categorical Real Relitions ony oie ed Seca tke ast a ae ea ce ce Grea tae ee pet oe merca ian neo ara Ein a sores oye te a soem oats wee Ser ieaeaoereritaase Peterman aed ses Sacatrouaaarnraeuier ae jmeceacaeinesentea ets Sees iach Psp po ana to te areas cp ers Seas lexan matnees ars sete genre ar ae ‘Secret tap tecaeer ewt SRMonnm deat dae Jen Riba olds (799 fhe foundation satis orn in changes ten theres hae oft i he fn a or nb tee hehe hang offre cero a epaheintgenretgoct eens gtpee epic | | | | idan ofMesivila a acaba do wate hen ve detahe at oe et Se et ae ae ee SA saa oll he mise fee ee era arecnh oy Baa Wi Sk schdeianstemioesca snp? Fee ra het a emit ee Sr Rete te a tit et ecg tte ase hes or pad yeh vine Shea trtpt oman a al soccer cane Stans ae aaa cates Coder eter RR Baeereatsehe ato "Ss ayer mic aretscpen sea acta lea he ei saeco net Sar an sce tet ti ng se ey epee ab Soames teal bey eae ater eicearaetiocnenten a eee erect tngtacaarseeces ee tee sro ies as rac ee i coe aoe eat (or cern het thc becee e y ae eet me ia ning sens Sapsrenuen Te thee Ql ee a ee a ac vr te nf tt cola aebitate errno merece et, CE re ce eee eee (Renee Wii ali enn nit ae SEEN pecs capein een tearm gut ered ett Meee ad cm toe nade een “iene.@ Ration Ding fendi He ps hats ih merely fe sag his would endnge the dct of the vy. Fe ‘alo, ceases ht enh dae son eed In some ay by a elation. Fach Sine person ony tthe divine epence «relation othe ter persons Prt, et stoped docrine at whe the pron ar reily el wk ls dn ease hey ae rel Unt from oe sno. Ts ‘eal dnt of yess was held be neces to msitain the realtyothe Tey, Rcd ages tte done Fens wee ot ese he dine xen, ee ‘wuld net bes eal dsncon of psonsin te Godhead ™ "Wid he Trinity as nde, Kerd ales tw eomments sboutrearelatons neste Are reson comparisons ieeabject docs at ad anything owndon Ge xh af ie firne peso ident wie dine senc) Burs elaon ‘ssittoks ois er’ a hing other tun ts bundadon The sca eammitnents stent o hi rman ae not ‘exe Bot teenth Riche bad song ‘mote ont nthe rei of elton stole smustbeatuethng "Another mate for aling a relation a ing is found in sshory. According to many phipophes, Aioe'itegnler sete en est genera gy A fen yas eatin 1285, ‘Hay of Ghent bd intergete is du 1 scord with ht com catlgy in whch only tree pes of tinge, e scltmnces, quarts, and gules, Ces of a oer at * outs nttnntetnsompntnn 34 pgp gmdrhonn creme cd “tg arena qu dir To ins snr et a et ‘is To ean Sele Serer eee eee ‘iteration LGD a ard of Mei 6 gies bring vrous mad ofthese things” Richard dss not ‘hae Henny general ontaogy so i User ofthe categories. epee dium mae el “Tretorn ne ete fst poner of ngs ecordng the pion any pombe Dasccardig the Peso, Oe Ia, aon ane n gene eit rem eae 80 {cid iar ar beers someing te te et reanents topes meg Hats en espeirrome ng isin ne oherpredcaness od fr seo, tects $5 fondaon, bea somes I fs» at fr foundation, nines» unity smeunee + subse: There 1 Tso ‘persone dng bese ts fodaion = "Ths reiig languages «prominent feature of Richa se ‘sonore. ‘Batwa pe of ge relation? Inbook vo distinction shay Seven he says hat ‘ng crn be an in het ways. "dg can beacceped common tndsoittlesinall hatwhich a Ue dough, an ols named [ee] om rere ese way ts accepted) propery and so conered with ‘being ina hid way, fs accepted mat ope sds ts ‘aida of eng pe whch eststance’™ This isnot ‘Alas les icaesemachts that relia ag Inthe yery broad second catagory allen mental eae). 0, ‘wewento know what pe of e-mestal ding eal elation "char explis hat here arse oconslerjutone cen of eton ne dom fin ‘lon poly oe han hae Sane igs hat ae le enters. Ten si taming ei ateton ol 0 the wher 1 Or ae aia ft dam ne a cenit te SEES sctees eames Boke ane prs qd nt 8“ Reto Thing wee ty do rt ind ha ean pat sein ie hn tier abt hing tn artnet een ‘hota eaten Srmensnne cet ose ohne tn ‘Mate tng A ese te decd lr hing sesh he ae thc eli ite das eri orn cy ceo eto ee Sha ean pst Soteding eer neu teh ‘elon wend ate ron bt ean she cso or his ‘henataret season Cpe sonarus ont ds ls ‘sfonde pos ning oe tan fs odon whek Wadrng yen fee, sl hey ear two earner Seatac thy wml ed hat a set des ot Shin far theft, maely come soo hee fermen] between tn ‘Thi ic the fist ine of a mane moder, Ns Aviston concept relion: ita of re oui dine elon scidnts inhring inthe tn, he als of ee relat of bk feams. The specicly elation fst, imino tan fe frm, Dally takes procedence ev the wal sbstance feedent omg. “This novel way of concen lan sense in another anginal laon nx idencal ih fgnostin.it ‘St gpl Rican sxgument frm experiences” An abject. + oa. um as se ait eras te emt tee Fret terten pepe Le eS Eerie coe ran et ric a 2 epuvtat cat eno pres Se re cig ttre kee ame han Modile 6 ‘seen fom one perepectie cases an image the ee mich Alifernt fom that eased by she sme object stn om ¢ Silent perpecive: Now ony sat which fa ing can be he {aus ft ation fare effect. Here he is press ang “hg” In he bead second sease abe, ie that which eis some sit fentaemenlestence rife objectresine ie me, a onthe perspec rion bucween he object and the viewer changes tire the ease ofthe eae a tealeffct This elon, then as ome eee rey ad ‘Sa hig ober han dhe things rested, Whats ore important than the sated conlsea fs uadesyngconepon of el Felton, Instead of to ronal acidate iri Subject, he ls hrovgout th example foe retin existing emeen ke objectand the ge SU these at al ltl inte nthe concaion othe srpuneat rm experience, Richard eers toting of relation ‘her hans sn casing ain te sane Seiden orl His primary approach t elaons reais ote sly sssbtnce-tctent onal. He pues = engi in Setactongincteen ta a fiona led, tome cealreltone:™ Two muri iio gorse her” Ing in wo restore gre a lourdatne fortwo atily ‘sinc equates IF there ate two Dreher, there ate 66 eltons of ate two fen, there are wo fendship. ‘pte apes te Doctor Sold remained quel win te tran, “However, se modification of the wadind view of telaion ss socklen'releced ta sane of Klar’ revs of the ‘Shepp is dzcusion pial of he pominet role syed bprimtepretatons af the expr inthe ae ttc sad ‘ke oueet cantar dette on laos He dis stl ‘ein into what rape tet eanding by el?” and wht CR ere eT Sabla) Salo hn Sree er cemeteryco elton a Thing faa Substance blog othe st pe of blag, we = cident ong othe znd. The later ve ed ino ngs whiner he alte ase of get and sy, od thee wich cant inher, hereto, Rearing he inter Richa sa Eethetsing freon withepest hat wich eer besides the Kuan, mt cng nome et ed soning ‘Where te Pires te oon Berean fee {ay hey eee tebe hn nde bts Sng 0's al oa, ar ich ema he ees Ricard acinovedges tht some nd pes teen ofa oinering accident, fot some el eset on ht yc ines ht he ends the term foal ta whch ot subse So aheagh ah scent cat eat sang by incon aerena sec ‘Ricard pes fom Thomas a Gis, hn, olin stating (IY) for CF}. When detng wih mde ‘ange fea denis (17) Someshing changes onifherets change ity ais rmcaninberenee Hester (17) Smeg canbe scien ching by arng or losing) an cident hh inberen ea ste hg 0 msde whch est he be ree tng Seis mga ae pte Uelinn ee ‘piece oi PPE Ty Pea abide icc ae aoa idan of Meiile o 1 ict Rd oe eg i Scan by inguin the ie prdecemory to ace tiny Ten uf con tl ng the Foundation dos notin Thoms wo ways) ‘Rhea tio ealy din fo eon, oO) 2 enfin re ee be eh ‘Dane Sor wl deeop (now song est {Wy tye, and Paes Ares il dec $a Sovepaatot felao.5 Relation as Thing JOHN DUNS scorus Inbask dintnon nei Onnat Ja Duns Set {£1265-190) ata whcter ie eon aaj ees elie ‘ccc wih flan namely he cee ul He immedi edees hs tienen ere nde eit sts whchern ein al avin anweing ge gests, Set deco py arcane tery reins cooring Seperation ne ret ore Sct pan sel fre iy the sso spent He ls foes, ‘Aon vew ttre eter rekon sent thes in on of threats an ng ea snes te reton nota bag ort esa tts, nor on nr teeen vo xem orinonparbrone sae bene {Gtteme) and toy soe eso hls dat we ce tes eal rlatedo Go He smelted thon viii sau olin an prety Ce ey Joba Dus Ses o He presen strongly east theory of relation. His oem ion aed nin cern) ‘rvarts (isl tnd ey) in ete severly necessary Shdjony Slice codon for real lan: acting o commen opinion te reat eis ely hes ‘eect te el onda of oon, i {nd xement ey Seco alot the eatemes be ‘sy atc oo tat nine ened eye {he crema et, feos, emer othe ees ‘Sour operons power este othe ene Tn argig frhis thory, he exploits numberof fy elements in his posi. He wer his doesine a he forma distin ‘nthe part he hng a aang a restr’ relation Ga Sd the peo reson in he Godhead which tnt the nda Faa ten ngecaeteat tose esd eee Fa eien ii SUR sree tee the moma Eimeria re ce nS See TEAR RD resrmemgemaneis sea congo, ee Hn ent, Qa 9 6, cop. 160 Jo Dos Sats cy aly, concerning Heys doctrine dat el relation is rode Seats responds: ‘Ad if i smone ble ta alu los ae me fn ‘ing oftesu rseting aide eal dot eae Ue eens rst oes sng ser ne oman, it proper moles ng lng anv be og ‘rere fs ag Scots canbe thismerelys eal dispute singer him one and these bso egandamode ea) ny eae beingcn eae» thing and be senso that @ and bare exegsal beings b depends on for its ‘existence, isles psf than and if is es psec than thenbiss madeata Soa qaniy wl eeqectosibtanceean be {alld » nade athough re tre thing, Sols 2 elatin wih Fespect tots ounda made But, Sons nits, co 8 tre ing. “The ww is apie in the hed question of hs Oi “There Sees expine tht the tern thing” (re) tnennings Taken mst general hig oat en) santhing {hate dotuothing Ts stan subdivided in) that trick inclader no contadonwhedhe cn exist oly inthe Inlet erasers mental and) hat which as orcan hare Mien one lek. Wa ee) etm ig Fetes to anyking tnt coneeabl, Le. non-conundicon ‘Song oer th ease (ince all concep of second intent that ee fo che concepts or ena ai 2 neal nities concept eon, se Wik the narrower sense, ‘eter tng een oa el ene tht cen rd ent n he TEER cesar See a a Snot. ento Rabon Thing second or general sense therefore meas someting solute in ‘ons tos ceurance or mode which egeezer condition ‘font anathes™ The al and narrowest meaning of ng” {aces only substances Seats somimarize: "Tater the ‘eter ronestmeningincler concep Being sti sty kind fre being, The second signe seal and bolt being. The Tht see nde beng tht el abot, an por Sei coment rein oc aga ier seconde hd sense, Nor ely 4 concept Bln sense (2a). Buti a hing sense (1), ating ow pope ent sehen ety which hoe see Dela Ste eeesare Sig enaliey gine ssh Teen Seu en esac ale sels Cats ogous hans oes pees ten otter pre ert sogttn ete eee mens oe sn a ot ppp ok a eri ae eH et ak "Pine et gal qc oe ln ie sec et en ma ey case ‘ee np ten epiern td oe ‘pipet mice neg nse ‘Se a en ns peace ne ‘in dsr trees guraas ce Fob Dus Sats 9s cnet ot seit Peper errand Pee eer ad being.” emma ins wig we? snare itr it iis Pye eee Sheet el el ae ee ety ol pe eee ay Qu? ee el ce oe Sg een Spire a Sng rome aie Gy ronan cer Sy Rece rag te sates See fi in Fe eg. crane free oersra may meters Ferree ene a tel hetero teed cue rane oe ener ‘centrist tgs eae Scere het eine nn She ee Naples ieee ‘Rennie nes arch ee Risin iio Sn leottaes i ee ohana “eat end wo pao cs been ajeptemamems asec "Bt 0p 19, Map, 14 1D, Ste igs MRNAS ca On i simone renes%6 Retain Thing tem ofthe ei non, Ss ‘Spy easshe sal dannen sme pera seentene errand ‘eaten (cesta snes) ‘bre ah ttn Ge te SADA state eek oe tony ‘ido kha i a tifa eet Nesey ene ee ne ee ec Fess dep ty Si! ad St to et bla atin cereale See rn renee Penne oe cages ee dellectoncnneera xt os ene ne Oueoerten Pe he ee he racy donee ers Herzl nt te fe Sees et Heys genes sd on ein, sexe te a ey as Sots Sty inane bar ne ‘Etter ing rc: mwa cardcchoas Staion fn elcsassbeane fiche tng ws sabes tn afc nod ba Caer isso Ca Bes Teas nae op cae og dot ‘Mei ges sn ese See ed ae cr tinae iene See oe end eo Bt el ‘go seas hat ot seal ‘ones tom at Fe ae ach te ros elpl e ate s e er cre erat Sey fae egy SEP ees ees ae oben ee ea Reo elite We as 29440 1 etm Job Dae Stee on ee ers forver carmen Eee gucronpadrecie igh et dea ee sie ra meen ger rect meee mon me mea eee raran thea aresicacetd a6 Relation as Condition HENRY OF HaRcLaY sy ut. ons er tuna ue nr as Siti Eateiom esata a istration ieee te ‘Scrushy eas EXCL parce Fo ary as a asd ry ghey ie eng fe iyo a El ian inane i ae ot a Bentler agua sy elt Ae, set) ig ta ied em Sa ea ae iu me Sy a tia ea aa aed Ail Sad Cth ey oe 9 9.8 oye tyme ea I oh 9 Se Po ly hy ed ‘a it mpi harman Sh oS, ‘Ween pan ean Pag i Gent pesca eth ‘ia sit ie fee ee Pe ‘SIE 8 why wry ne ure oe FRee ga line B03 Sets Gort os antes edt irs ctiearie ss Hea of tanay ” an predestination * A simp emerges in is haning of ‘he plement Sete commentary be ls ‘Scots in adopting + sony est pion on rel cereal ‘ito butin lengthy later Gree argues against is view fd devotes meh energy to defend hi own ptt, oot oer to tht of Wali of Osan? Furthermore, Hcy s "ot afar tke the nontratonal positon that od is ely Felt wo crete 1. Harelay's arly Theory of Relations Ain json hi Has i ee Soe ecto kal eases coer he algae ‘Gl ue east ee SS Sut ete ebceicacenrset ii ce ten, slate aha ee aly ey Mga Benet ar eer] Riana et Mactan eh cae ‘Ser hh ‘ele og» sin vit Soh rena hinet cancrsteiens Iho et Sena es tae Sapte MY hat Cas rite ees iterate staan. 1 Ret ten Qos Di en 18-2, ® i “ir sD si et od rea (costo)100 elation x Coation peopston ae eeu ation same tig lug iis ante) Sot whe Sema bros Deg ame rev hing ced ihe Pato eee ony scree whlch ‘Wate tingn the entgryore rin” Arelain, the, ino am absolte hing, uta eae sing ‘at changes that fo wish comes and askes its fundaton tore ‘compost sha, the ey Hae long wis Dan Scoms tees areal categorical relation i an etree ‘ete thing that ners foundation, Along with Sota arly hl (17%) Someshing cn be scent changed by soquiing or Taig am heret cecléent wheter Ke a asa or rele hing and (199 the owen that ona changes, then there change of and only the fant that ore b changes there xchange of for aegis oes reine thing “This onoogy also bchind Marcy early acceptance of he nce nown rato ae non-munal. “The owns nt ely {elered the oceerntsetofkovledge.-- bec sopethet ‘thing posited inthe kw bythe fact htt eomes to be Frown Tisinbecn tt ng inmate inmerand doesnot afte hinge, Say, God nat 2 ay Sc ee a ye a a mn i ope umen pep ae rege ets seg Suc, pti ee tara yc ‘int de mmr eae seid er i wien mn ee pss Spawn vie ape anmn pares Rec es ilsreshenocrs ma Hen farce wo rely rested wo creates beats no new hing can be psedin {Ged who is neces) being and salve simple For ara, ten, mining the sions! elo poston Sat cymes epee ey this end Sou lg ofestgptcl ron Instr Ceson he rj thon bt andy nthe Sete Commertny he's a independent te Sots. Not exes he ec Su Dace, aon ete prs tase ra eatin at ‘eal dint snd «havea cndon y which ts ptt be ‘iced to h™ Tis expres bots, ane dees not Cabot cn the omlogkal sat ths cont ii. etic in ouch aay fn sometig an became ely Fete without any ange "This ine of hoght sur ois ter ony in which srl rion i= minindpenem fone Cone ing towed note, po we changing [tlject Hence, Gof el Beme realy reed wo eeatces ‘lat any change: In hs Sve coamenary, weve, Tar fly ej these momentary inure Surgeons, rovetng to Ma Seo only when he expla 8 posi at tind above. pitetiternimemuse mates SEee Te Bane le aly at er gain co Do Bc ae ssi ctioceiie rates Waele anne esc’ fi tC Donne Os 3, sede seetinetaiter ie Saar Sete eae ene renneeataat pontiac erst2 Rabon Coon 2, Harclay’s Later Theory of Relations [es Qui, Harclyingute cleats changed opinion n te esos pen epnent o h new ery ot sam eit mite ok ahi ‘ole nti new neue nth ol ta doesnt ng seat ty shangeaeremesrete discos Deane eles, {Eat eGo ita ne neo) ay nen oe Aina ski poe Thelema oh God That fcooe new rey eed toner Pot oft oe 8 {Ralston suag tony acer anges stig anesng et ‘tre or ings tht ey pees trex sd puch less {nGoditt cone {Gd The aces a: (har ech pt {pig aout change more sla chang a hich op Se ‘meager tt come be ed hy HD bythe ‘Seam: Asta ly rove wt eet reo gem aig or op ok hoe Ngee oder heeding fect ‘Ealing aes ona mew eal an, tee neal ‘lan comer el wou nw cange bau ‘ara’ snex pen, heres on the argument otingis incoopte wth God ules effec some change Ham at ‘amen el ela cameo God, would noc fet any cage Jn li, 5, theres 20 reason why God canot become sexy teal related to crestinn, Hace sor eles tothisargument izeogboutthe question "ema proe yap tote story of sl ‘What of ore leret tenor, ee shown by sh oder uments creture ean becime nel teal rete witht is being changed, how much more 50 God whose mute is numb. ‘Theasumpton tat ceatres can become newiy really relted aut chargaginsy way nsopprtdiy eo Fam tex fom Arstole's Pn in reapet of Substance efiyana ene 8 SS a mS Hn fry 103, theres no moton, been Substance has no coma amon {hangs are, Nor ere ion in espest of Reston: ort ‘uy happen ta when one cole chauges, te other ean Uralpbevnid ato change ata so that in these ens de motion Ieagedenol Hlarcay wee this w support the main theses of ho new ‘oviooy of etegrcl real resins. They are the pnp ‘these of Thomas Agus positon: (17). Somuhingchangesonliftheretsa change inti iis ‘ean inerene, (18) Deomes to bea ese tobe realy elated to bough Sime change ofthe foondaon as sin. and/or of the foundation that os in {T9)_ fe foundation tats ois in changes, then thee a ‘ange of but ony the oundaton that so i in ‘hs telson ofr eres 0 chang a Aer tpn ae egg tin a See er et Beemer aera pear sa er orate ae a i eel i yo ed ag CF, (8), and (£9) place of (17°) and (T9"), ra) agen 77) d(T, dapat goed Ab pastion fom bate gece eee deen ene si Soe bee arta talon a ty 2A dane a/v They Herkypoe eigen pat nl cab a ea Eo ocee cet sna0 Rotation Codi “Hala, he levy es the separation argument bck om ts proponents. the scan, he presses be argument Hat he flog fh sgl realist posten commiene tan nite regress 2. The Separation Arne Bs ‘Recall that Sows had used the fllovng separation argument (1) @ Hated wih en isn tact Gi) Inmany ages of relation Rand is foundation F, ts poteonenicory tha Fest bat aot (iy Therefore, In many asso vlan Rand it oun= ban, Rondel ih, ardor wii opponent ait pse da whe shingaectetvaieasreton Katey ts eet evi hge cera ato wafer te ng owe) bate Rings hex hy eos =) woe ner ext wen yen, ‘of similarity, which is absurd. ™ ato chorea py salt ita deo ly Yor tonehing Le 1h of ang} sae {ts wile [fuente posed aot mie ta ‘ery ni nae ped “Gn an athe respon er ateton to Lh- sirelisinclon between presi and compo Ha ‘Sprenes ths dnon Dyce 0) Meaceeett a © MENACE EID where M= tg posible hat) ta ahs of kind A Ie ponte an that stn of Rad poss ‘Sivihemece oak deen ree am Hey of ary 10s, mn pe ion oe ts te aly e (2 UR lpr bo se st bur trance can eset outed mews see Fey acme ote oh compu Bet her: "Tere xa whiting vito clin sian Regd Tee cs thing wines of Sitnly "arse stb bt acne Tn say theese aca mpumentweuldbe: Soar decrine o thepoltiyf epy ea) oteomm 0 the onpossbiy of aeprtiy (fom and rom Str a conse wth ater pec of Sota i spy centres cn oti ree Rs leg i ee of ton fmt oh Tite eitpoes® ‘Things ofthe cog of rein ae Tee oven iit te sea ence of the ey fiefs ad tha of he undo are necessary ond Sefer cuitins rhe exitene of heron. Ts Tietic whe tensa categry aacsomond peso, Thee he cf meal vee bese the felon tes nonce se gen rata an ri founda, scfan nal xn cor bv, Por eam he {cnt ofthe ageatnd the pet andthe edo ‘ctteanparepotences ugh eens tai 1toton ‘an pasion. In ain, some exe fae cnn, Lf flton ins fe agit the eco teed ors stpoany, Hence decaying oF ‘nnon tonal arent hg ace oe ted, Sen's contaed to hlcing tet secs tee ‘ee con ary. ary ard tw ite ngs canoe ex vido the fea of Snag" But he questo her th rls wr once pat of Soi tought he deco ‘un pry dps. 2 eu dpu Oe W144 a IE IMC 0 ty Quon. 2.262106 Ratio sr Cin ez cm yn it ny cts spr ty nar Ot [sb a (a Din) ice cme, Par any par mde hing ds mt ‘pen ayhng pear ner lang. Thr at tc doesnot ener whee ep wh po Ie es nt proeat i e the vine Beg le Be ioe do Cosi is ee (8 ense otsow docs not Farr fo 2 cas ee plroe ‘bone the nut fn Tete hes re net rend ha he whence nico goa he say Frcjeca mihi oe in sed ence, acorn to Seu’ docuine of ate pricy and poser, aand boul exsimukareosysnd«estwtout {aural peor ction Ro sna t Ti arly finds aur and he could vo pit ont ta ti none vith Sco doce of lanes nei aheiee "Sots could repr that Hardy hs egoated satura prio nd poses spray 2 1 om the fat a ‘par ert cca ie geno wa soot Scots” noon of pte pry and peony hich, 3 oted in Caper Fe, I ed i ely dieing fonens For example, the eee and ts velaton of depen feiceon God are rely seal bat formally aie In ‘dont centre rata pir tos reon of depen ene: the forma ation of ay cree 3 sone, dot ot imply he foxmal on ofa aon ood but ote vere. ‘Silty are seperate n hf Ser tra py ad Postini donatimply sea. So Scots woul ee tat the fundion wf natu pr Yo Rte foal nation of ‘ta tha of vt fondant notice ven. Ths rea inl hy en, ern a Se would deny Hatch penis thar the strap of wih Hope Wins bent cnt rd tig to ost ‘Giren ths esponse, hen, Hal's leer argument a to more inten Sets theo ortansyether vite Aocwineof pean potent eaters ctne ‘tateaons ae inianaly adverent ena Hwy fare m Se eer ad itn cy ree ea afer Re aes eae ae ae Sep ons il et ae ee Soup die cemees nano Seperate agen iio acee ate rman ee Sn te ee ate ‘lations of similatity.”* ay coe,” mien eile Dies ec a er tonite siermeemlte gine gta ere ee deere Seige ederim pees iSiaee perme geome ceee nage sire dec caer ase eos Be ee oes imascle soch Oat although a and b eit and are disposed o act see ses ees aetna temcorene, gfe saimanaacicemnt ot i et tas panies in Ste op ey eg emo Teh np ef oe eee Same! Roa aware nt wineae arrest peste emea tame ie eee aren teat ts ranencetacee evernaes Eee em pee ee serait toe tarbgemtee SS ee eee Sew rs ace en we Pride ae Ram 2es108 Rolin a Conon types of rltions dsinushed by Aine. Repading hoe of {Eat ype, he main one cot ld hat the fv whe hing ae sitar, ut not realy related. ‘This wo sy tha ‘Seriya elaton, we br Abo, al age that it {Eo when ex even God annexing show they sot sna Wha, eno Saag? tes elon Tiel conlso.cissome abst thing, the wuld te posible art tex ale who sco-relabe rhe oer ‘ike hing wie sing ings Regarding latins fe send ype, Hace continues he seton of bing and the yon of big bared re be fly sneer Be eons earn neg orth on of wha ie owt peo of magento 3 Ee cgay anne ee on sin peso a ie et in ar npn aie aed nbengepo cht theres] may Tibinetatyell may tcbeedcbaetnmytas Se actos Paintings ecoanycndonte andtn lhe rlon [esotrestoadstheselaton Seren I"Gal ew skeen opt soi atmaiy cant nae pate gto hae geod ‘ica Se ban epson pee Ins a nga poole 0 wie hs ik wih ing ny eed itary ao ely pole chung andy ede ace vit ‘relations founded om them, a a {teat God bern atetcy of ie cero {thet he ence the Sere Arne Pot Stpumenr he rete 2 ety enn 2 SRE ap ai deg uta Mott: et Sos nt erg erence {ai me, a SSIGuG alspasedeieeniea dono Hew fay 109 de esienee of wo white hing rnin om ooaureefenenesticreon eft etes Never, The econ wie hinge benders nd eld bie eels ie eng hess relat fy an Bree nary wl be ystsor naa the reo he ‘Rec, enti eet the two enteme owen em SSIES od nore eu the april relion of ret tk neni, fom wiser e prc, Od ‘Sects eto theme ting wate ey wo abe ethernet espe tobe ew Of eins tis passage des indeed elec Scots? vm view, the rs scents as wat we sendy hte of his opiion: ins fhe cnegory oehtion sre inns ave Seats ever ‘ie God eld cause ov aly wht things wo est Sout thei sebons of saa. Buc his li ere pares int egeding eal rltions. According t sme ‘ation theoes of how claus produce onan iad ‘toy he cnt whenes (or whatever colour ianeleethat ‘hnaiced pean yte rect the body haiilinaed Iisa rn cit one is aire pti he I the principal ene ofthe effect the colour. Ti ee, te ado veil ee fom sense and eo sparble, this cane ie autor vues tht thi aus can exit witht i fet Godby aia, e-by noco-aperaing wie ptr ‘opowsrof he seve pac, cou prevent ola om ‘Teeeven the dy rch i ight. n this, though Sch ig bdr wal ae wi "Through Got's power, en, tis possible fr wo eiing age hag whe nate not to be retell. They Stoll be ofa ie nature since Dy would ba the ative tence fo became wt when sah wth Bg opposed ‘icacuve poten obese ve when struck wih gh), Bot ed Cetin reaseecsaniet eee Seis Sitaeat Sng pu mete10 Relation Condon ‘hey would not be actualy white, dough God's mira Inteventon Neverthe they were obeeome whi, then the ‘ctl reltons of slay woul ais, relons of sty fa nly wre, Sas welcome, mith respons nis Question. “The psge i the Catal dis ht God orld not do ‘oy wth he api elt of sila Ths api {elaine rent inthe sti potency which i teal Wena ‘vith bt Formal dine from the nate ele Hen, if God “estoyed that potency, He would be clanging the nate fhe ‘hie Gingival So, alough God racer on prventthe ec wen sth wi ight om actualy becoming white nd £0 becoming actully imi), He cannot change the acne Potency (en pina elation) witout changing the are oF the ting. 2.12. Chagofen Iie Rares ‘Aint the view hat a tal rion san exeamentl rele Age thing val’ distinct oy, but inher ,b Fdaton, ‘acy res tha hs thas annie eres He fps tno sah argent one lading toa inte ees of Foundatons, andthe cher leg to an tft reyress cf on™ Each nite ers pi Sn cna nly fal ngs, which wat commoniy held einpeatie, “The secon reson rns sels Tak nwo realy daoct ‘hing cand, On te seongy resist posian ats realy dnt fiom h then there woul be sone thing real relaion of omen onto aay we hogs nd oy ile ta there not be rel relations of afary and gina and espetey. incl agus) no ways Fife same renon can ‘ne giren for olding (1) asi hes or alg (9, ame, he ‘Septal cern for area sinc. eres ao greats ‘reson tt someting realy distet from anaer can exit witout the ter, dan tha dings seal snes frm ster {hing ace abet ot iow them According to (ib rope inberes na, andecanoot ext what thn ial ‘ena wiht onthe cota, weresain be eal dint from a then they would be sepraie, which conrad the ‘econ conune of te secede So slo for (1) tre and (OT hp BEING. Sea al 9 9 (OTe IS 410TH OImm elie Tr os Cometve were relly dee fn a ad 6 reece, they woe Ticantle wich omadis ue aa! ohne oF Re Sane "Son oad ply ext by eying, a he ep asiipeten ein fees hong Rate he Fenn hele ()y ange sts of el pry se ‘Pomeroy. Ths dee ednced bye a tat) ‘Stam net nomenon of mal pry aad pour, been ses pena ante pact eeron rr Since "end, Suns would pit ou the aig genes uma the Toei Feely ie cell dtgh betwen psi snd pos Uy. isnt compere atest hur Ran sr at ‘Sith elec ne at Sag roo awa ath went Hence rey sis fom TSE rey dna "The eat en Oden les rhage on Sena (0), (i an snr f(s A he ‘Sibu gomenreidinsaporot 9 (6) 0 Wamnddeamatsstihot Rand RY then cider QR mellem peertesed especie c OR dice nto inane wah ss epee fey (Rend We cely Went wih oad b spectre, (Bat sd aenot atl prior norsnaneous witha and respecte (i) tana banner exit oot Rand (Gy) SoRand ’srerelydencal within respectively, Phe rea remo, ett Rad propery nee respecte Snr hon Yo he respons in the previous gue, ‘Scotus eld question). liste thas netcempessed ‘ait tout Randal a Pex witht But that ‘ibetR pely pie, e fn er whie tane ‘ested and aso or ening without ti See tes: Portis Pg 3% 91 BRIER a «HOT ition of Oca ns ae tn whiter pete someting in uch away htt ‘rode x cmp contadision forthe ter est wiht Theta ten he formers realy ents wth ter. Ad, ‘ycomaa where ere sno sohcontiction dered fort tall Is maser conitn et ‘ot logical ngs tat ct wut Ror hot ees ht Feit Nori gel imps tat Best ‘iho fri aot oceoy ts ‘Seas oud deny, the, thet eka hs ten good reason ‘orca 1), Hone we bt mm fete irae in (2, te could be dane inact and cleip Ie ‘rope aberet ina and propery inberesind antlopeally Inposible fora nist wit ¢andits isa possible for Froexst toot encisreay dene wih ana e ely ‘dena wth Thee cnet tw restr and ther ely dental yet mal dni elton of dependence onGoleand 13, Ockham Third Argument 1 dp not bebo dhe line of stack against Seats in J) Is succes, Ostia, homer, i ot witout farther esnres, ‘Aguins Scous”sepraton segue, he fellows Havel and ‘maintains tat he argument works ith oe ig, here no ‘eason why abou not woe alone ge © 6) God can make any bent sing without anyching sine’ and aly posterior (0) Godan cake wo white age witout eels Sina ‘id Bute white hngs wold sil beso {iv} So sila not an extrasmentl hing realy dsnet. ‘noms oundeton. segment cnn EE den Tam M21 neo Dornier ‘Sat are tan ne qt nate cn Poleccinsncae (OTe ee oem td6 elie Terma Cnstve rm ss eH suk pi he serene ce pagmenceTcrecy ese Sociol apmainlectc aan erate Mitre stent’ Si Se eo el eas pein area iia adem itt cat eS lah JET oe ars geen Soe ee sSopegs Sey dn nti Sadar ag ein os ieee Ee ohn aa Sabor tate aac Saher ye en Sore ern torte feat rece Sect eed ie ah ct Lacie Scher i eek sey wc hemehn re itis cote ay SORES ore ae Spain ge gating ‘ary! The suggtton is that although it i lapel ae Hat eae dag cea Sah lara nthe een Shanna Ht ry ise eof aa eoeseenteahy Soap hcg heme memeber ce Sosa pment tne Seem ere ie gs al di fon Deere tig tees Fon clplg icy es Tomar sta Wi fObiom a foundation iw acount for the subject's being sn. Iii possible har they be sina without sucha ain lative thing, why psi tn the fit pice? Using his razor On eyo Shay, nul bel valntosuppse asia a {ng athe than it foundain] witout sah a ther hig Some tings‘coul be sma would be in vain to soppose teats bea thing other tan ke sec tte abet cold bewhitewithont sucha other ing” in sum, [lieve Och’ eicms of Sota are more a8 men ti eee aie ‘Senses chcematrtnee i iiteaed ein cingaigene test SERIE! te pio ea Pa ng Snlgtereuiva cemtoeretetantaters SENSE oetatichal iter tyes See tien Exaiasiinnisescarastn Elpnigeecpeapiceecet ena "ied da an peer ee SEOenechyat char64 Rolain Cont spprebesion (oe. judgement a8 he somedoes calls i) responds to Sn the reo heat apprenon (or Fudgerend, whether sensitive or metetal” ‘Alduough Peer moves he ream from ouside to wth the rind sera, he preserves eetrarsfrms it radial eare- terartconlton woe eins ound ands betwee he Foundation and ter He enlsin that hte aon of ‘colour say, three concepts re voled"A partcular white ‘hing i appended in snort, and besides tis nother ‘Sngulae wt hig sod wih tis ceva indistinct of ane Irom the ether." The tree cones are: (a pareslar white ‘ing ws sppeeended, Gan ebertve apprehension of is ‘inn color fom Gi second prea whit thing Th fet heh apehendedfantons things 2a band judges team tobe dsc wth respect fnlour. Theres not onl the sppreseaiv st producing snd ‘nebjectve Being, but tho a udgement Ut produces «Hue nig. This loner ithe eon olny, an entity dint ‘om he realy existing st of juegement that produced Soe ee ofr) nt te idyement of ninco) One could apprehend waste things and not advert 0 tee inden in eaoue ™ Foe Inctrnce, one's jb col be to ake enon by counting white fg eed One's tenon i on the numberof ered, mot on thet coli and ao ene drs noe make any judgement ith oni tan it casas eegedac Tying ose ene etd fa a Se, TE an tention tian tesa Ege ceuceiaerg ns vt te athe, Petr dures 165 respect hernia clo. a ih oe doe Setpodice a craponding objeto xsi en, ee ‘hn inode or teers ext relaton algement She pe in cena navery rong, tele ‘ont pendent one evi of let rent. ‘Ws pe a te ouaon nd term fhe elon oF sia Peterpos tha he eatin emma founded pon ‘ext sentl common stir One epumente ies tt tad sina ota ft te pore Upprcend orgy snd inary of Bodies, fete pee ‘Bic commen ones osreb penn wesc fm tisen ease Ana are wn ‘menor of tic ownspeiesandavod member afoberapectes {nian sore soar, even ity camo pred ‘Na are the fonda and term he yo exre-ental white thing fs, emul fw trong a ne the ‘Sho woud be nessun two abjece ve ey sant ito ee other. Hy one witenee ea ein the nor and nother he sud Inteargment the sane oad Eth sent Sc Oc hr we mene Tieimerrethe opr ofa catony ici comcs tee ‘hs nsach ay Bat tin wet erent wold Set erenng gan en's pees, have soci ‘ho things Second he ones norma ig a0 ‘lacie sptaly dita hogy Hence, bese of ey ees sharma ‘Sopa ele esnips pe Or eee Se ae eters oe eee see Sere se erence ‘Egekcal ema eneaponen ein Somaya at a Sinan16 Relations Cone sara omnectng vo Bing tlon cnt mena “ste the foo ata h rw gs bt septlenion ono gat ndn oo Ay sod so undone te if tory certain tof this quay wi hat whic indeed is ot ther ta the ny Judgement sce distinc: hing] are spt by mate be {sone and vo a Sabo toa certain iyo udgesen a Inditiction wei he way of Stra, cones the? Slat and sini ‘se nev betreen ques, x= ‘any not costing ely, but only objectively in the soul ince ‘hey [Le relatns se oly certain apprehensions orjdgement, Indie with espe to sity and confer, but disnet. with respect diary and diference of form?” “Thedbjecsof these relat caprchenson vay ecording to ‘he gpg eindsincian o dstactan grasped by the tell ‘ease The ype of adistncton sppresended beoween to he thing ferent fem Dat speeded Beveen we ‘efor things: Portis reson, thse Felons ae of rent ‘ype esr and gy. "A further paral aban btveen Peters wenmens of rl Sop and of tree Real relations aren the mere prods of inagiaation 1 which there eowesponds noting th exes ‘mental eaty-Le unveil rea elon can be sido ely Sr 2S eg it od in ie Soe et penn lcs ge ‘nis theary the predistein‘Sorates ther cantly be Saldoftherelly eentensa-nenal Sorat, he expins tht heen reatn atarin exe porseyin tinged {e deronwt realy Neue dee faster ecto of ‘hm tat hou he lend ewe tlt oes ot rete hy they sem We nos idut de wrk the ek a's nie eA in nen eee enn nee andengepresed slates ‘Sout ane ialchetsoy sikseasg eum me hich exes is bt toe at ees pate 0 As eidhuninesls ube the soothe part xeon sbjzcts he the spite or capac to stm the senses #03 Jee in such t way ta relat is produced in objectne ‘sence, Boca hs proces ingecepbl othe itllet Su seme, we se sormally deceived in reading ito exte= ‘ment eaiy whet we eareees ate “onsrcte the neta dere rpg ear whichis when cer aren ig porn mene tian pes ‘werd nh hg in nein ng ‘Sitemenig mie sed eal sigiig pnd er Sez gentshtigrbone fee npr * San. ger erp int va pictabl tet is ime ieaorehiomeres 252s ‘Scores on cag aaron wo ec na Saisie ase iA nin dai int Sa tase Ya et cou nas bach Grace Shana Sages tan is TS,168 Relion x Com ‘Agi, the el elton canbe sido ext vital in extras ‘nev perils ue the pets have the power ores con the inlet se sees in cert. The pore ut fea esstnce of relation uti he minds comple rea. ie the realy exiting parole ebets hat are capa of tetingn the ees and inlet even Wy. Hen, st eter denieshttere any rel thing drm extemal paar that has de proper of being univer, Le, commas Dimany so he dees thera ant eal hing Unt Tekan Le connect? many. Pete fellows te loge of his Dosen i lng tat wiht apprehension wo wit tings ‘remot mores in settion +c anda whie ing. rec en fom amar peat go rth aki Seas Seite ncn icecream aes Scissors, Eiscatherti siemens any Saliba aerate a ecole Taree de tet ai aldara aa Se ele er ici attecmen eae erent aca sie rf te eee imac faces reagan ace EeLoiiny rain eae Par Aur 19 betwen rel elton an its foundation, He bleed hat one tein ene dante nie de, pin orto the min sty and ‘become ctl he ming on hen the mind een on ‘ec ancprceneeveone apart fom the eer = ‘estes prt brent we eae, we shoul not lest ofthe et dflerees, or he omelogial word ef Fey of Ghent sgt erent fr hat of Areal At he ate of Hens only es cine of ceux which pl ae ih fos tie Een sgt by Aurel Second, cena Henny theory ihe decom beween mode snd ng, Peter eschews it Sisnelonand dence realtor re odes ings Fortes, Peter nites re reba wih ees in bjcre tren Henry doer at Pally Henry ef Ghent cance ot {ealeaon sca mods fein wile eter consist anon ty connecting etn tig Peter neste inineon bce the acl and poten coos rena ur owl an “respon ta clic ojecton apis he thesis that Teli fe mind-dependene thre woo be no order in he ee there wereorprchenngieietorscne-—uhich Semeur Peter esp: Andis htop malin ee will oes rec ‘het onthe cot tote fo apr ean a hea $end ergy poe ‘et arer othr decent at Eee Soh vn tai a > feat rice not home scaly rly Ses ae he pect oF ‘ede fom pees ven wih noite existing, the ore af he niverse woul silent in potony in sch aay theta inlet immediately ‘wold fore to Yom teat eidon a order. Hence, the veereimcinaansneuunron 2 Shoup enmeenenmte170 Relainn Cee natant tae "ety omy es a ecg $e tee emtotrnnmeres eer Rees a eres Seer Pen eeeets Seek eeueegaree sieicnabaceme rama Gah hina Ee oie teee Sees sees cece eee res eeee Seek eae aintge ii reiiel ls Gencccratiaat fe snes cin eres $B cae ton es ey, oop peth Pre hs isn te dnonbetveen elon ofesonand enya ety. honda Efwheber the xrmsmental eee hae the power aso (use the crepending apprebension Bathe then mmes fain the cc of eal reste tects somehow feed 0 produce the apprehension This snot, however, cononat ‘ihe vloattdcsamy of hence * ponte nina genet scl Srey mp SEL han it ce emt nian Seeeaeiatin sree ema) a Pees Aare m ne punts el eat and puss en he power sdevalaaiefeolpesinge cents on ata Ines which te salt rece om te puna te ‘nt ell an the defen) ar epee ee Eifel e Sapa epeateinieaeeimray eho s Alisough Petr afteneczes Duns Scots, he has exe td tude hs oom Sent’ empha onthe ole the wl im ont lope ite do aot see how such emphasis onthe lta aspect of ot apprehnsiosean breccia wih is ust te Gon veh el od “elation reason oe with ireply tothe objection raring the Cider heunvane meeting 3. Conclusion e's chance tt mete cn ly de Earle te en ne Fs Reece Matera oes cee ates ete pl e's pen Ses keys Theta: cern tsp eo oni Tie tet eae ent ‘eed eg ld ee See Seat Rica on pe a ak Fret eneentneer aol eit 2 ene qe eee heerlen tetera ear seat ‘Reagan, pi, Poss, Mens tip rn Igo rats reshape rozecnstinndh cee (Goctentes ts Sc rl no ses aac aed Sam Relation a Con actu in dbjeive being te sul Sentences ofthe for rete ifand ony (a snd bare ely ine x-men ‘hag and Gi there eno an objet apprehension ont fr sence) connecting mand A gud at the end of Seton ‘Taos T donot see how thee tra oars allow Peter to gs el elation em thse of es, ‘eter incorports resins te ismere ener conceptal- Jat only, sn atloy in wich sound an dove slog wit Line and! tambers fuse 10 stil exten fv eeracpental ‘hing, ut only itenonal beng as epprehended™ The nee of hie concepts erent in bis theory of the nteores Prete dere setae xtr- metal hing nly inthe eregree of substance, quan, quali, acon, ant on He al mati, homer, that ere ae ten and no caegricn ince he tings the ter ve catgeries cx eat petal oui te nal nd bacome atl through the sed of pprebenson sy his pycholoial concept apraich shoo not ‘obscure what ive tobe 3 fndaren tering pit inthe Fino ofthe problem of esto: change he very way oF thik about elton. he ao novel af Pex ary is Ieonetingareatin notarnone rubjet al ovard meter, bot aero an eny Between to subjecs. The taifana mefialoiew of 3 aion a6 a0 examen seiden is handoned " "Ke mith Pete's teaching on iver, this novel view of reltne was pated by many of cnteriporrie, Wiliam of ey neetetenereteneeten rere ec ‘gration Deke ten ta estntcn ‘Sender’ apart Eigen entaanmontnr "ee, Perdue 18 Cetin who cnn aes pose some af obese ‘Sen, came 9 a0 Poe’ en bh See so ene erin i ‘Ss ihe ure cont Gren af Rin Sieg dato tone yong any ven Be ‘rr acy esting ode the oot he coma Srey rth te on inte aoa bee oo Bye He meting a are oro, Mong ladder caper iste. Gres dee etre ovel wy af conceing elton me sche Steen {wothings marl argentine Ses Peers Cheon berwen pal el and acta beter {Greg canes things would be sul dns rr {oe tf acti nda wold be ove, ws el” Freaenne dot ow many kre ed with Grey {ho many kel Bowe Mie seach acted ce ‘eae the oes hoy of rs Inthe ater NM gesand te antonin te my mde peti hen netic ec nt tee ime etd See nee nnd 0A SE Sp 8 Pash ayo, WON cut eteaammeaiteacr amass9 Conclusion Inthe ate Mid Ages many hikes debated the onli Sim of ators bss ane of olga ver neted Sse anthnng oy fs foarte {ected ned long-standing deep ble nthe Mery ‘Westen taps aly esed proce nd sane ‘Sreuson “Dest the vse othr, no one held hat a aon yeah nea sored drt tp 2 ptetayintaesncd ayant mp Ing Ges he pena Asean, vou be extremely ‘Elias deny ear-ent eyo, eke schol fics mepeed Ave apy wach rat he of the en aegis of storie eng, Me ‘Ersclly,bth Artes nd the meal wg per ‘ade enon on -nnalordr, water tibet ‘Grek Come othe made wives. he heey and {36 fearon etre the pnp pede yas not whee ‘aon hve ert ay, bt raher what esc pe ‘fe-mentl seat be cred em, In tng later pot soe sca came to chaos how elas ws concede ns change am wt {tm staina meer ve’ roo inthe hag of ‘ome prominent Grek wpb ones ooo te he ui man pl buy. Tequirement ado be me they quite the wadion Second ‘l'not cli tutte waded lew of velason mas unique Cmcsion 15 Ywouphout the Mid Ags, As menioned in the Introduction, the amie Mots scem to have eld gut diferent ‘ew! Boewhat preset below was the predominant view among ‘hola of the itenth and eaely fourth centuries, he ‘eto in whi the change ok place ‘Nie fist tat ay edeval thinkers believed that here were two demands made on at adegte hear of atin. The Tit demand is historelyenditioed predaeof he erase ‘Asotin inthe ate medieval pete. The eco is what ‘ight all tahiti being present inanadequntetheay of {elton in whatever es “The ist demon, resulng fom x subtance—accdent on ‘oly, was to wet ve elton aban scent ensign Oe ‘bjecThe second demand was too use to 9 elton's ‘arate a somehow ive more ha ane hing one's ‘hear must espendio both of ese demands one conceives oft real flan sf exiting In one thing, yet depending om nd omcow refering soother hing I scala trilogy, ‘hte se vo aspects to the being of eal reaton Deingen (ese) andabeing-toward (set). “Fre medina bexomce more teligible if we ce the India theories variony sates for responding Wo hese two damands Ione cepa te frst demand, one tends 2 ‘iow tal elation onthe mol ofan inering acide ke Trhtenese As smahing is white by ve of am inherent {cident orm of whiteness something isinarby ite af ‘inherent cident fom sili. Ave retin s posted ‘theo envi th faneon of lang the subject 9 ‘athe On healer land fone losened this fst demand one ce con fal ete ae nee inet ‘ore lowly clog ne hing Fal, Fone neglected oe podively repudiated tis fest demand and emphasized the ‘eon, aoe eal conceive of eal raion in quite flee, re nt dann cna mm, ie16 onan sor-adonal aye. as ¢qulybelongingt uk elt oes Sarco caning been the “iy id oe tikarerpbaie the wadtona nce chefs esinn an seri spy a ce ter Although persons theryoftelon fy the rest of ner of ators, such se he these probleme tac nce the desson, ee problemsroerdng te Ty an he {ncsnao, the atimporen phlei fcr te ait to peer sigs they bought he problem of lao. In {hereto hschpesdet rious thease toe ‘werdemande meationed above, tnd when posible, shaw hows peton ued paresis gencrlonflogy const shea “me Ais aur tc ton bing no ‘he ae in and ene of eal elaon He repeatedly be ‘taming reno sting at = {T1)Tweachoftenineacidealenegorisersadisine- th ete scldetl lng common ol nine ete ies and he rat ofthat parler exter ad (12) Por enh ofthe nine scien eategoes, seen telag ito ben to ihere subject “ene, he itis the wana view ofan cident that tne (risapt totes) Theelegnee nd comony of is auton tein he Weneaion of the seridenal beh {ee) of eal retin the acideatl beng ts or {sto eer areal relation des inkere ins subject The ato fsreaion itt betovard another (ead a telighe Sspccof that one eldent for haath fonda, Tamas {uth Gls of oe) ges equal weight to each demand onan ‘deyuste medion theory of elionThisieseen cea nakey the ft hey (76) The repetoward notes athe accident eng ofa ‘tre chen sno aie forsrel Henry of Gheatis abo squrely within the medi ation snd ie Thomas Aquos dsinguihes two spec of real ‘elon, For Tame these re ean ate for Tem they Condon es an ose tn bh theo the aspect pir, more Fndnmena th he secon athe oma Sewer ee tener oles cos hry carer: fr Tomas hatnore ‘ands aspen belo for Tey theabslote oat or iether or Tins, among reste the eng of aban te primary ray and iis te cue of i cde ncoding ‘elton, For Gey, eine ate eevee se pany {eal ie PteAngnian mts of imal eo Snes takes the pace of etapa being a ound in guns nese beg sbatane, quar and quali ate thaly big thy are altnlte tae, dering inte ite de Metro a fs of ean rests begin inex exten being (se cite) ¢ trv ebeee nexchrestre theism disteton ‘wean ha omy human Beg, anf a, inet beg. So ah lke ay ether gested esl, fa ‘Som eb te pcr enya rena The rats the mode of eg secf on ean, bing toma other he more foetal get the ofa el lan {Pideycal i he abel atures foupded upon ands Funded upon quntty or gest tern na has dhe mode tbe hee esto be by inbeing fn ances Fence eyo Ghent sensi both denna deus treical yofelans relbon ust extn ast been one Inge agoe td ven hovers tse muon deands wing his on itive "Heay hae het mene of he as 0 feo 150) jess eee 10 Times ee 125-150 janes oe rand of Saint Pourcain (4. 1334)? One of the more sn mod sry wld be Dro a ait Ps se hat eon er me fing ted ieee gon heather ane ot Ne png eae fate tober ft crn ess sm EAs a Pat nee ce, ve re a mtitinorbat1m Condon In September 134 ew ceneired by hisfllow Dominicans for Ioklinganong ether higs tht the act of kaowedge fs not Something atolite, but alo, a moa aud. The at of nouledge does ne perc the sol since i not something alole sew the cate aly, bt oly x simple come porinentof he soulbefrean ebjectAtonepoltia hora fier Dian gh hat on hare her ow edge isotneestary to post sees oan agent nelle. e ‘erate alo taught tht university is notable oes ‘mental buris ameatal prduc,a elon ofessons Durand’s ‘theory of eatoncoloureand conden colerofdocaines Aha his eatemporaes tered pins sip. A tay of this moda shoot wold be hep for dicovering more ‘completely how relaions wee explatedesmades and te effect thirbad on oer docs Unle ispeedecrsers, Richa of Media dos not die. tingid wo aspects of relation, its enn xe Alo “trealzelonis based ona foundation, he does ot conceive ot ‘8 faering ins foundation. Intend he conceves of 4 fal Felon a holabering cident, ad sy character as a Accidents changed. Theron concle fight cat (rseparte rom is foundation. none wn, Richard cal, “late thing’ rely distinct fom is founda, an ‘sate thing in anoter wa, elton sacandtionbtuningbereen ‘wo tems, Sialic, both formulions evidence Riar's [Sees an ts apesaly Felina character verte carne nt ‘inherent Tsao seinen atone {stoundestand relaonsadeyuney, one mustnt conser oy ‘one afthereitifone could discover the eatin there oa te ‘model ofan able acient that nheres, athe, one mast oni ot eta an tage, fr sre i eondon ‘brining eteen eo things Sly Rebar tends toe of is {pain Some wa longing one abject hough act igi Tike oes before, John Dans Scous iso do sie © both spocts fs el raston. But in hi arte sltion, he ae REM epg anim, Conon 19 pss moe ses on he nampa yeh schlic ‘ite Thames Agi, Gls of Rome Her of Ghent ‘Retr of Medi Bow Seo scds negra ea ‘abnor sig cena ely realy dies om ie ‘lta eye i fndaon Fisch oniberenceis Seninirueol prope iheresina sdacaotexst witht then © fireitenmeare in is response (Hath hare of nine reress erie corny, De Sn siding ‘of fro ine «foe re throughout is iscesion of transcendental eatons ts tip Menel wid yet fermaly Afstinet fom thi fodtons- His we of mtu! priory and osteotomies fe necessary fv Hs argent (©) in rtf. Des Seon hn, whi is eyo Fouhattie tsa good represen of suongy elit theory feito, Porer rezeareh sould investigate the defenee by ‘Wolter Caton (1134) of ts east posto, slog vith John tf Poly who i 107 alo defended peti arguing at feng apna the sheory of lene of Cheat "Tener Henry of Hoey dstguishes between wo apects “wich cal the in-eer e and earnest (aia Teal elation. He sas explicit or him the tem tela? ‘Md towodsnese and ot n-ne ands he eraphaszes is Specialy rina character overs blag an inert sci or Hari, el eion 4 aosinhering condition of ‘ne thng toward another. Consequenl, el elaon tsa Fi sbjety intone denonoton, afi were an tnberent ‘Selden fom. Rather, i ad of the subj by extinie an mn fr en ‘Rey's Ata een ches en Se ei a Sache ae erate Saisie te fence Sica casos eee Selden prcps eas tncenetc herp 9-20180 Comicon ‘denomination because of the eutenes ofthe tx, Hence ‘Something exa Became real related without changing or (17) Something changes ony ifthe fet ifby in" meam inherence Aad (3) comes bw cease realy eat se Sen hang fie anda cor naa ‘iCfandaton dais nd (19) ete foundation thas isin changes, hen there ea ange a's; bur if ony the founda hats or in B ‘anges, thre no chwnge a for thse mo change “To sunumarae so fr the divergence’ in thers can be fomulated in tes of three Several necessary ae jinly suficent condtions for urea redon. These thinkers de ‘Gsodaboveages an the ist ro condos bar dbagrea the thre Semtences of term aR (a's realy rete by Rt) ‘zee and ely () aad Bare realy dant extra "hig there rs rea ounton in fr Rees Gin) theretxsearesleaton Ridentlin being bing nee From is foundaton (Thomas Agaiss spd Giles of Rome), ot (ib) there exists real clas mode of being tentonly sine rom buat enn of Ghent) re et relelaon lave tinge dint fom foundation (Retard of edits, Joh Dons Seous and te ety Henry of irl; or Gi) there es elton Hy «soaring snion of ovardb hela Henry of Harel), nc) bom Dans Setus and the early Hey of Hlarcly held ta rest. in soe cad Meee ph does at Wiliam of Octbam and Peter Aurel do not share this trio! medical view of retin and hy do otter the salves constsned to respand obi demands on to aeqste ‘medial theory of lan. This xn be shown rather cy by ‘hat fact hat ek eakes do ot eto te ay he st praphhepredte eson bing ht nether eerie the Second codon, tht here isared foundation nfo This Cmlsion 181 git, fortis coniton express the medic view of "etna exsing i foundation ot hn an ny das rena ‘Oct refer bandas 5 neque, fr he pois iis hat aca elition dacs aot have foun, Sls {Sy thar reatan doesnot ves founda, noes at word thd eo opin opp fo teri phono word Aiding heme ove fom the ‘cine iw hi ytemae se of eins lege in whch Feltonal tn ae conovntve Relstnal ems do not sigly fn rlanal frm ibering inn aabject. Rater, ‘Gata teaches tha according to ean ees oid by ‘vie revelation) etegoriea elatone tess both reli (ersipty one rat diet) and the ter conoce, and connie thatthe relaxin cern ay ene, Octam, Sepang racy ron is predecesos asunmarizedsbore snd Ils thtsemenesot efor aR ze eue Tandon itd est in the yay comsted Uy substtaions for "R Pathe ‘Sieneof hie departure fromthe adit sseenin hi dena anton (), For Ocktany te relat ned ot be really dso ‘net enya aon. And mental eae, ach ‘ment se canbe aly elated, “Such novel oul ar goutallenged, Arad around 1310 Hy of Flat bd rejected a heory very snr to he one ‘Galt would ter spore, precio the woud hat ts Income wih te ore os relion* Flowing Ibn Sa, ‘yl nss onthe second condition bor, ata eal ean ‘rust toe ny be in ame sect snd onde ont Waler ‘Ghat lo eieaed Octhan’s teary, bso for Ocke Jr's mous razors own'an-azor’ agg the an afi: sve propsiton when ts vere oly eed fr things Ifwe Cocion thee things donot ufc wo vey, is necessary to posit « fourth, and so on.” Falioning Seoms, Caton segs hat & pase rem contractor to eonaory must be astound forty some real ehnge, a chaoge nat hngs xe. atl is time hat"The fe doesnot bar woo and 2 kis eve that “The fie does bam wood, one mus pola eatin, the lato of burning, account oti ehage ‘Signifeanty, Peter, Aurel istsne tha al reais fone pet, no. Iris ear that this one pect the ‘pei til cen for ence = ren ie) a acondon sbtining betwen tw tgs: Ase repeatedly,» ral laden connet hinge, ex edn oF ion between trys. He stress the speicalvlatoal ‘pesto such neat tt the tonal een spect ally thandoned, Sentences of he form: aR arte ind ony ‘nd bare real distinc exsu-eatl hing, se @ there ens probstrsprienso inlet ors) comeing and Hi sbanonig of the een spect of el retin clsly fekedtohisconeeptainn noir hnkerswehave amined, Fisthesspetafbcnganaclsnthngrends th xee ma sey fe dn esse wo nth reference tt which pny ext dr ‘mei what rary ets exon realy theonmloy of toms Aquinas, accent hat vrei relen Iressa erst being rm hth pinay xs, ica aban, Inte ano of lem of Ghat an eden this tel ean eure by and detent bg fom at ‘hich pny ex aan ate eter dct radial fom sich sone of the even spect the rea lao ot grounded in oe eatin ‘sbi btn fret apprebende nd singin cece being his teactl spree fey owt ngs ts eben ere te oe a Sis eg hota ra Concson 18 the condition of pasty and so dhe foundation fe he at of ‘pretension of eirinstneson wih rapet clo Itsthit Ine realex aco spreesion that ast charter of Comectngherelaa sti produces ie caresponding obeevly "ing apprehension, the laon which so connects both rela Pairs novel ‘between ro things --eable im dey any bt iran erature eye ay eortact atamamnct iScraeibaoe alee thet PED coast tt cy scale ifn seat oracle teases tat Hehe aula cg Rosser latent gt mee nana t's ‘Sth at Seat es wng Ne ne rt sis Sine ceeg Teper cite se ica Sb re cen ate oe ae eerie palette a schicken tee ise ra co oe neg dere he ce a oa Seon anaattanate ieee Ee heeieeiiictes seactias a Gls gabe oS imamate Bo eiceeaarer nes concen of real rains oly exiting vg | yx ste Sal ated aa EAra Condon Final, withthe dsimer abou subsequent tre! in- fence, seems ee eur re nore regarding the ‘uses ofthe concepts ew ia the xy modern period of Phils. Spinto wits on Meare Thugs (ae 1 cep. $, ere re asi the scholastic aur Burge) at Feline are no ere ment ens er than the ret, Ft ely spe maces of thought. Areal would agree wit Shines chnser i've coniderreatons ab things sting Somehow ouside ofthoup erender canfseda concept Pat ‘lee nh ho Trane tcp 10, Spinoza casein ‘sation our ov rea. “Guenter owing (all medical or be ecepona aco the Tn, aes nsf ia rhetorical against fie Ansticlns fo tet doctine of radon ® He ar the ‘ender ged ath watch «we wal we snoshe isbn tpitand lain hey enn Sethe ent Kelaonaprowcing ‘he wal Echoing Aurea, caine ould be great mice ies new whe wal ere being but ni white wala France became cated at fave bal ih his ea elit JF fen dotand new white ws were bull the poor French walk troll crumble under the weight fnew rue! Aer citing {he labors of Heres, he finaly (and Sian ae he ‘Aistenne wheter elsun i daubleenty, hats whee uy as bckint rere 3 relaton in he rench al exe to ‘sw a0 lly the news rom Tada and sprout fr ike 2 Imsivont" Hi own docne tht alo a ext Stes ry naming ay, es crs told tht ein sch as sii, nt tm ey ‘her tho he wees. Rater iiss compion pees ‘tadeby some mind ons ‘Echocsalthe medica dete areresetin Leino isin ‘ion Between a elton tment eur eammon 9 both aa * Pn Gnd Dain rc pn ie ma ava onason 185 says prope fone ofthe rela Helse his ‘ihe example of pte, hors of ts medieval Tintin {butnet os bial origins do potbeieve hatyou wl dot {iecient tat sin So svete tine My judgment bent tloone hat pater in Dav Ion hing, ons n SSlomon ater, bo Ua hereon common to bok = fncrely meng thing whose bass i te mavdiiaons of the Truitt Folloving lon Sint and the tad, most meds wold pee wi the st sentence, bt ites Aveo ‘Tho drew the frberconduson tht reanons ony ext inthe lovee (or sens) occ erin parle between Aurel’ theory and tatoo Luni Meat cements Par np gman sessing ie teste of our senses, de ist {fushed biel by using peyehaogclapreach noted nd epitemoloia poten, Mare spectically, i theory of Felton totinet Lock, whoconcted of aelation ss ‘Simpler lc esl om the mind comparing one len with ‘moter ‘eUnledig ne oir cf ing cid thn rete Obj enya were boone 2 [este yd Ie ose on tts canter way oe, ‘When Ms coro hing hat see rng tel pater and cay evi oe ae sya ‘te Wore inpert eon nd pa Locke's psycho! eplnsion of the mind considering and ‘comparing enc” one 0 athe, sir to that of ‘Revel Locke ld that relaione are "ot contained In he Feat estan’ of Things, but something extancons, and Tela Sto a ru oe FEN ha lense hte186 Concison pd Annoy ns La Eien "ep ee fh ie ter nding ete Spufontnedcnen nae as 2 Ae mrt one eos fas eS Works Cited Psomay Somes enn, Aves Poa nop o Mn ale Pri ‘page Nec 08 — icp Soi De -N ma-. “ane Ine ia Lard e197 a 1, oe he galt, nde HP Ste oR. Tana] ener Crag Mos send Dia for pr te ai "Sadan an Roo re. ee eel Eb nA Pim ete et Ve, 12. eri nt is Yo 5, Re Clow cnt dn Lai, 146, ‘ep nko a 6 ea Rim Ch ts ESA Lat ate Pint "Sat Sen VX Ed.D. tgp ind” ag ‘Snir nd Ren, Teel Unchegen 8 ‘Bern and New or 184 Qe Okra, Pac 129. Hey fay fe Sanam. Vatican Library Lt 1367, "s97s CaaleMentera,hiteece det Seino Veco MSW 8 — Drei nie. Vaan Livan Bores 171 a 32% “Were, Cae ray Fe TBPeGL i, Fes Cana 172, fl 15-13 10130, CIs — "heey ily Csi onthe Uaioe ea. Maer Maur Sa 195-18 Pity ef cn’ Question om nei A.A Mater “Med Sides 19987) 9-107ie Wes Cet tof es unm Dine E.A Me Hane: nd Sin ies Ger Stn Cnc Une meet Gatedeinaesl one DE — tite Casing Pret. ELA sean ogo osu {Dene eS — He a Qo Die Peto ud oR Pane ie of cy he Ron te Ty MG iene un Sua GS _!Hna ery Ca“ mani pte cae R Bee sane de Hedy scans rites en: MC. ea Sie vite Tha Eien f Pa Tht Mayo ‘Mbit nin 103 “Or tag ad vay At nd A Wa, Pn, Jota Lert hl ne Darina Cua ae DieSn ‘Ger ace anc. tion, Le ot ey." Métis ee chez Jn de eal. "EA Pu In ngs ic afr 2 Dow Jer Pee ‘Bite, O87 W a p51 Seb, Joh Quer The it Quad ofan Que? AJ Helows, "ie aan Tie} 3. O'Duel, Tove, 198, dle amend 1, "an Und 8. PHL Si a Ma Sta on a Rast nd ive Care “eof fl Sia ido). Raion 17. Tove st Bat 198, : Paz tes. ese ie Prima Sati Vaan Litas MS ores 33s 119 Hors Ged 189 —onmenerrin iPrias Ligue Seen Pos Prim Gera oar eters Oni ine Ania Save Rome, 18 cl Vee Odi Min Ain Aen “Gennaro Sonia Seti Rane, 1605- Feb Sten sae ran Seta Dv FEM ‘incr tourer NY 1952 and 136, ‘ae Jln Oliv: Dens See br Seen. 3 "Jomen, Carel 22-6 Pina fap nle Ed Hey and HL. Sehwoe, Of ‘eae (ing ld in On. Mo and Oe New York an Landon, 8 ss nana gi is ett a Fe ee spam oan ee — el no eit ce sali aaron Ae la a eae geen a hrc "VLR Set Baps Gm, H, Moen a2 Bh GS ees eee {M0 Lape 14 ‘Singita Capit Camano Comacvarieix Mrmr Ga el. ee Bei 197, 1 elma dri, Cp in, Ceci it Ft 186 “thas us, Ope Onin 25 vl Par, 152-73, Reps New "ou, 948-0. Ss he in Das Ai Or Omi. Roe, Oe i ont Bane, Trane A Mau. 2x ed. 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(07.8 Wry Cite 191 — at te ar (imeetamemarcadarte Por cad] i gst tty cll fh cn NOH cy ne Monn unc fila at coi re Rat “een cig LED ae gsm et ta i ogg eae Ee nat ee RE iit a we Doh hs pc 7 et as Ss (Syeda Nr Dut Bnd toh et ot a eg den veh Ste 1 “finden hn In kor Lar nd Ke de dite Rome, 35-101 a tf rf be Onto Od ad ekg ttn Pheapic Revit! he Now Seas dist sri a 668) Len Clan fil New Yor, TE Gege B L Patipsn dana pli de 8 Tha dui Pa 18. (Gines Cataey J. Cron de “Sun” de Evga de Gute Teg ges + nee rine 3 95 Se pigs nin le mefin de Bru de Com, “Ae Green 83. Rane, 958 Gwe Zr Reanorlehre Wiens an Oot? Fahmi ‘Sin 4 8s Dass12. Wore Cd Haste, C Te Die Ray. New Hen sad Lan, I Lee ee es in Rl oa In Le alata of ned Eng c #G, Fok Now Men 197215590 cel ean ide Ssi sera dae Lowi, ia Eh tooo He de Gin con te (Heiden on ah as sie Ran a ge iam (950 a0 es ie Dae Soi Jhames Da Hoth 0" Derg de eae Ses * si ee tnen MDE pce Se A gen hsb “ha bn i acl Rn ih den pn Wien Oca ss a fsa tennis A sae eka ee a (Shh EE pay eC tae seen Rote rt SoA ERR t ae isu deme et nad ta ay la soba nO re etn era oe hdc eto snk Meter SF Eee et eros Tren et te sone pera cane let get ee eerste Seek (Henticus de Gandavo): Wik he Oe ce out ey ier meena ee a ATE Ste del mare remit ds a phlopie endo Wb Ci 195, Gaede ge ec wb 46 0979) ose. Te Dies Appleton de dion xenon chez ‘Hc de Ca Space vd tar Belmar to! Miscelnes Medr,1/2 Mond New You 8 ‘Gani Op Oui Corban) [Mepham Mane Cea apd Pete's Tenene sekcigoa Stes Fl Pan 28 08 acy A. Cin Begin ita Yana Ste Ts, 70 “fu ge Sencaciommenien bs Uhr Zeit Neotoemeen i tt ie AES eis Orgel Feencet Teac t-iB emery 09105 -85 Mast ME Chr On te ee, i he ‘apie Sa ayo Pipa Se, Ma, Gl so Oa Uncen ser Ong de "Oren Bern, 1H. e Ree Acetrdee Nine” Paid “Send 950 3- Mon eM On he Map ons of Mate aie. Tete fee (9S ra ements in the “Tne nono acy on Cent Nacsa Gorse “iemaionl a filsyba melizle. Mian, 1966: Orit’ Reorder’ Maine Si 46 ase 46-15 Motan G:F Te Qs de Reine Abed 1 Wala of ‘kt Pwr Se 1 (980275308, Non P Wer f Nome: urs Cio St Thomas The ‘Mair Shia 219505120 "Greta! Neo ah eye 6 New Yok, 1967.194 Works Ce (Brin, We H. Roel on Lina Sada Zon 1 979 3a ‘Owens. “Ceidty an Real Dstion in St Thoms Asie: lic da (99, 4 Bhd Ys of Pop. Loon 157 Pale de and lara dc ea mpi Pati ea, Fh von Hay, Kae oe Os wn ne ‘Gisionen Mtoe ig Sule Tat, 37 Ree 104:307-56. Pale fen Ares de Clue Osa census nrg, Sola Roe ete ib a 2 ahs OHM (Bt. Sat fe! 2 ‘a "gosto amigo Pleo Aare. Sais 25 (197 ie Sayin 25 (9TH Rests BP Der Up mire Bei ch iano Mai Tia sr ere dr Dac Sl. te ei hepa Theda te “Tren Th." Pale of the Spi in Ma Oxf a ie ‘Generate Ott Maal Ses #98) 39443 ‘Tent ine i Danaea lena 12, obs Bf 8 Pao, 195. Weide, x “tof Thug Mion nd ee, 1968 ‘Weikeg P Tr Dil le Tf Tong an Wore ‘Wrst, DG 193. ‘waginen FB, Cen Rela Sai Thoms Ain “ededre Sire S6 (9717-3 ‘ton, Henry of Gent den Decree Unity Mo "Rant Sa 64 (980) 9710. ‘Wipe Aan’ Rte ea Douneton:ANoteon Deo "acne Tae haw 8309095 29-38, Fe Mei hho ot of Fin Wingo, ithe Reaiy of Nooessing Psites acing w ‘Thonae ‘Arps neyo heat anos Fone Tey ‘Meapic $498) 125-98, INT Rdoat beeen Esence wd idence i Lae “Then Cnty Tove Ge of Rome, Hey of Gre, Glico Feit, so jane of Web a 7 ‘rtf a omc Moroede, New Yo 1982 Wors Cite 195 B14 Td irae Mey ‘Dion Seats, Washington, 1946, a Wong Lat ty a Rei heal Rove 9 iii, Won ha Wa on Sen sins wi a tion of "zn Sans Pye, on sr arn Rid de Miri enters i de “Gr Fries meses? Lowi, 151ke ARE, | maaGiENsss pains | EES ASHES Beeman | ewe with. ‘eon big 844-6, 47.49-5, et EOE amn 5 ate gg 36 28 8,0, Bc Bt, Ceddetcimeyaesme, | Ramat "et a i 2, mt ee so es sees 50 BANE98 Ie eg egy fice RF “oti Ameena CIN sae ed nas, Ea a” oc Being 2, 10 ver eins aa ER ue ree oR Ah, Sate ee “To xin 4 1218-9, ta Hk gle ttn ton,