PRELIMINARY TLE

FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
Flower Arrangement – improves the ambience of any occasion such as a wedding
birthday or other events / an organization of design and color towards creating a
specific atmosphere using flowers, foliage, and other floral accessories
Chinese – the first to put water in a container of cut flowers
Japan – combined cut flowers, water, and containers from China with enthusiasm and
expanded flower arranging into a meditative practice rooted in beliefs and
philosophies
MOST POPULAR FLOWERS USED IN FLORAL ARRANGEMENTS
1. Roses
2. Carnations
3. Gerbera Daisies
4. Chrysanthemums
PRINCIPLES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
Design – the structural pattern of the floral arrangement
Balance – emphasizes the use of materials in a floral arrangement that gives stability to
the arrangement, most important elements are form and color of the floral
arrangement.
Scale – deals with the proportions of the different components of the floral
arrangement
Rhythm – directs the viewer’s eye along the main line of the arrangement so that the
whole shape is properly followed and understood
Emphasis (Focal Point) – the central portion of the floral arrangement from where
flowers and foliage appear to emerge
Harmony and Unity – deals with the appropriate use of flowers for the occasion
TYPES OF BALANCE
Symmetrical – both sides of the floral arrangement have equal amount of materials
placed on either side
Asymmetrical – both sides of the floral arrangement are not equal but still have equal
visual weight
STYLES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS
Oriental – emphasizes the lines in the floral arrangement
Traditional / Western – emphasizes the use of many flowers in the floral arrangement
Modern – uses no rules at all and based on the taste of the floral designer, more close
to Oriental than the Traditional style
TYPES OF FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
Floral Bouquets – are simpler and easier to assemble than formal flower arrangements
Table Centerpieces – arrangements designed and placed on tables where dinners are
hosted on various occasions
Floral Baskets – flowers used for floral baskets should be chosen on the basis of the
depth of the basket
Floral Wreaths – arrangement in the form of a circular garland woven from flowers and
foliage indicating honor or celebration
Ikebana – Japanese art of flower arrangement / emphasizes measurement scale in its
floral arrangement / main aim is to bring nature indoors
Shin or Formal School – involves an erect linear arrangement in a bronze container and
arranged on a carved teakwood stand
The Gyo or Semi – Formal School – features flowing, sweeping, lines and the use of a
variety of containers
The So or Informal School – flowers displayed in bamboo vases, baskets, and natural
wood containers as well as in pottery
BASIC DESINGS IN MAKING FLOWER ARRANGEMENT
Line – uses minimum flowers and foliage established in the focal area
Mass – uses a generous mixture of flowers arranged in a decorated china vase to
achieve a full and symmetrical effect
Line Mass – employs the use of mass for a greater feeling of depth
TYPES OF GLASSWARE
Glasswares - to serve drinks that plays a big part to your overall concept: its
style, quality, and sparkle. It expresses the personality of your bar.
Tumbler – a flat-bottomed glass without a stem or foot, may be straight, flared or
curved
Footed Ware – refers to a style of glass in which the bowl sits directly on a base or foot
Stemware – any glass having all three features – bowl, base or foot, and stem
Mug - a tumbler with a handle or a tall glass cup commonly used to serve beer
GLASS WINES USED IN BARTENDING
Beer Mug – a typical beer container with thick walls and large handle
Brandy Snifter – similar to a wine glass but with a shorter stem and a wider bowl
Champagne Flute – a tulip-shaped glass designed to show of the waltzing bubbles of
the wine as they brush against the side of the glass and spread into sparkling mousse
Cocktail Glass / Martini Glass – glass with a triangle-bowl design and a long stem used
for a wide range of straight up cocktails
Collins Glass – straight side, narrow glass, traditionally made of frosted glass designed
for long drinks
Cordial Glass – a small stemmed glass used to serve small portions of your favorite
liquors after a meal
Highball Glass – a straight-sided glass used to serve many types of mixed drinks like
those served on the rocks, shots and mixer combined liquor drinks
Hurricane Glass – a tall elegantly cut glass used for exotic/tropical drinks
Margarita/Coupette Glass – a slightly larger and rounded approach to a cocktail glass
with a broad-rim to hold salt, ideal for margaritas, daiquiris and other fruit drinks
Old-fashioned Glass – a short and round glass suitable for cocktails or liquor served on
the rocks or with a splash
Parfait Glass – a glass with similar curves to hurricane glass but with a steeper outward
rim and a larger, rounded bowl often used for drinks containing fruit or ice cream
Punch Bowl – a large, half spherical bowl suitable for punches or large mixes
Red Wine Glass – a clear, thin, stemmed glass with a round bowl tapering inward at the
rim
Sherry Glass – a glass used for aperitifs, ports, and sherry
Capita – a type of sherry glass that has it aroma enhancing narrow taper
Shot Glass – a small glass suitable for vodka, whiskey, and other liquors
Whiskey Sour Glass (Delmonico Glass) – a stemmed, wide opening glass like a small
version of a champagne flute
White Wine Glass – a clear, thin, stemmed glass with an elongated oval bow tapering
inward at the rim
Martini Glass Cocktail Glass – a V-shaped stemmed glass used to serve drinks without
ice
Pilsner Beer Glass – a tall flute-shaped glass with no stem