Alpha Maria Antony

19221006

1. Emotions Running High : Examining the effects of supervisor and

subordinate emotional stability on emotional exhaustion
(Emily M. David, Mindy K. Shoss, Lars U. Johnson, L.Alan Witt., 2018)

Summary

This study was conducted to understand the impact of Leader emotional stability on the follower
basis. For this they chose a theory i.e. emotional exhaustion and conservation of resources, on
the basis of Conservation of Resources theory they examined the emotional exhaustion
consequences of supervisor and subordinate emotional stability congruence. They conducted two
studies to analyze their research. One consisted of 299 light construction maintenance workers
and their supervisor and another consisted of 294 workers to a city permits office and their
supervisors. These both studies gave us a conclusion that the highest levels of subordinate
emotional exhaustion occurred when both supervisor and subordinate emotional stability were
low. With all together gave us the conclusion that the effects of leader and follower emotional
stability are not a simply a matter of similarity, subordinates low on emotional stability are
disproportionately and negatively impacted by low-emotional stability.

Objective

The goal of both the studies was to examine the impact of supervisor and subordinate
emotional stability on subordinate emotional exhaustion. Although the two studies did
employ distinct measures for the trait of emotional stability, the underlying construct being
captured should be identical.

Findings

Theoretical Implications which meant that these have important implications for the
personality literature.

Strength, limitations and future expectations, it offered three potential strengths i.e. providing
COR theory as a conceptual foundation, with did made two samples multilevel and
multisource data, used polynomial regression to investigate various combinations of
subordinate-supervisor personality levels. We came to know about two weakness too i.e.
survey length prevented them to take all three dimensions; no direct survey was taken so the
results could be manipulated. The leader emotional stability is has downstream negative
consequences to the organization thus these findings are important to an organization.
2. Inequality in personality and temporal discounting across
socioeconomic status? Assessing the evidence?
(Rita M. Ludwig, John C. Flourney, Elliot T. Berkman, 2019)

Summary

As we studied that personality traits such as Conscientiousness and impulsivity correlate with
temporal discounting. The degree to which individuals discount the value of future relative to
present rewards. These variables are hypothesized to relate with income inequality in U.S.
the result element that was found out was that the association of these variables are distinct
across different socioeconomic classes. The main reason for this research was to test the
assumption. The number of people selected for this study was 1100 with an annual income
from at or below the poverty line ($0-$20000) to upper-middle class ($200000- above)
completed personality measures and a measure of temporal discounting. And the results of
the analyzes gave them a positive income association with trait planfulness and negative
association with impulsivity trait and somewhat of temporal discounting that captures a bias
to prefer to sooner reward to a greater degree if they are received today. These results can
inform psychological theory of inequality and a broader conversion about effective public
policies and rules.

Objectives

This research presents the assumptions about how those at the low level of socioeconomic
status tends to make decisions, and weather this patterns are different than those individuals
in a higher income group.

Findings

Descriptive and correlations It contains the details of descriptive statistics for all the
collected measures.

Measurement Variances They tested the invariance of factor loading for each personality
scale latent variable across income brackets.

Hypothesis Testing it showed that there was a statistically significantly negative covariance
between INR and a willingness to give up even more of future reward if the sooner reward is
obtained today.
 3. Perfectionism, negative motives for drinking, and alcohol-related
problem. A 21-day diary study.
(Sean P. Mackinnon, Cassondra M. ray, Samantha M. Firth, Roisin M. O'Connor, 2018)

Summary

Basically they like between two perfectionism facets and alcohol related problems. They
predicted perfectionistic cognitions and nondisplay of imperfection would indirectly predict
alcohol problems through negative affect, copying motives, and conformity motives but was
unable to quantify the amount of alcohol consumed. The survey was on 263 young adults’
drinkers collected from two different sites using the self-report surveys with a 21-day survey,
one per day measurement. The surveyors were Caucasian, female and young. The Method that
was used was multi-level equation modeling. As it contained the nondispaly imperfection it had
serial indirect effect on alcohol related problems through negative affect, followed by those
conformity motives. Many findings had different analyses and analysis level.

Objective

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between perfectionistic cognitions,
no display of imperfection, avoidance-based on different drinking motives, negative
motives and the alcohol outcomes among the young generations.

Findings

Pilot Testing that was conducted to test the psychometric properties of these measures
prior to the main study.

Protocol Compliance all participants had to go through the basic test to qualify or
unqualified the further test.

Descriptive Statistics

Model Measurement, structural, Explanatory random slopes models.

4. Seeing it both ways: Openness to experience and binocular rivalry
suppression
(Anna Anitinori, Olivia I. Carter, Luke D. Simillie, 2017)

Summary

Openness to experience is characterized as flexible and inclusive cognition. They conducted

this study in order to investigate weather that extends to basic visual perception, which
depended from one to one person. They came to know that open people combine information
more flexibility that too even at low level of perceptual processed concept. They used
binocular rivalry were the brain works differently for perceptual solutions and times were the
solutions are not fully utilized or are mixed utilized. The result showed that openness is
positively associated with mixed percept which also means that the results are not biased.
The analyzed that the mixed percept increased the positive mood induction to the open
people. This gave us a conclusion that openness is linked to differences in low level visual
perceptual issues.

Objective

Openness to experience has long been associated with flexible and inclusive cognition, which
is shown by the links related to liberal values and creativity. It was basically to study the
open people and which also gave a study that open people are more flexible to any
environment.

Findings

As reports of mixed percepts were severely skewed, Spearsmen’s Rank-order correlation was
used to examine the association between mixed percept and personality. These correlations
are unlikely to be independent and are consistent towards the higher order traits located
above the Big Five.
5. To Grit or not to grit, that is the question?
(Alexandar T. Vazsonyi, Albert J. Ksinan, Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova, Magda Javakhishvili,
Guangyi Cui, 2018)

Summary

This study was conducted to see the validity of grit as a non-cognitive construct related to,
which distinct from self-control. The number of surveyors was 1907 adults who were around
age 40-60. The association between good and bad goals was very similar with one who has
self-control. Extensive model test was used with the structured equation modeling provided
evidence of substantial overlap between those two constraints. These findings were
constituent invariant among the adults development period.

Objectives

Grit was conceptualized as a drive towards goals, rather than avoiding the distractions which
is found nearby to the goal. That altogether captures dynamic, motivational and commitment
aspects of self-regulations.

Findings

A Test of grit measurement models

Predictive and discriminant policy

Grit versus Self Control

Grit with self-control

Literature Review
S.No. Full APA Citation Article Title Journal Findings
Reference Name

Theortical
Emily M. David, Emotions running Implications,
Journal of
Mindy K. Shoss, Emily,Mindy, high: Examining the strenghts,
1 Research in
Lars U. Johnson, Lars and Alan effects of supervisor weakness and
Personality
L. Alan Witt and subordinate future
emotional stability expectations.
on emotional
exhaustion.

Inequality in
personality and
Rita M. Ludwig, temporal Journal of Descriptive,
Rita, John,
2 John C. Flourney, discounting across Research in Measurement
Elliot
Elliot T. Berkamn socioeconomic Personality variace,
status? Assessing
the evidence?
Sean P.
Mackinnon,
Cassondra M.
Perfectionism,
Ray, Samantha M.
Sean, negative motives
Firth, Roisin M. Journal of Pilot Testing,
Cassondra, for drinking, and
3 Research in protocol
Samantha, alcohol-related
Personality compliance
Roisin problem. A 21-
day diary study.

Seeing it both
Anna Anitinori, ways: Openness to Journal of mixed
Anna, Olivia,
4 Olivia I. Carter, experience and Research in percepts,
Luke
Luke D. Simillie binocular rivalry Personality personality
suppression
 Alexandar T.,
Albert J., Gabriel
Ksinan, Magda ,
Guangyi Cui Test of grit,
Predictive,grit
Aleaxandar, To Grit or Not To Journal of
versus self
5 Albert,Gabriel, grit, that is the Research in
control, grit
Guangyi question? Personality
with self
contol