University of Cebu (UC)

College of Engineering (COE)

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE)

“CE 211 – FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING”

SURVEYING – is the art and science of determining the relative positions of various points or
stations on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical distances, angles
and taking the details of these points and by preparing a map or plan to any scale.

OBEJECTIVES OF SURVEYING

 To prepare a map or plan

 To establish the boundaries of the land
 To select a suitable site for an engineering project.

USES OF SURVEYING

 To prepare a Topographical Map which shows hills, valleys, river, forests, villages,
towns, etc;

 To prepare a Cadastral Map which shows the boundaries of fields, plots houses and
other properties;

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 To prepare an Engineering Map which shows the properties of engineering works such
as buildings, roads, railways, dams, canals, etc.

 To prepare a Contour Map to know the topography of the area to find out the best
possible site for road, railways, bridges, reservoirs, canals, etc.

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 To prepare Military Maps, Geological Maps, Archeological Maps, etc.

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 To set out works and transfer details from the work on the ground.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLAN AND MAP

PLAN – It is a graphical representation to some scale of the features on near or below the
surface of the earth as projected or a horizontal plane.

MAP – if the graphical projection on a horizontal plane is small, the plan is called a map.

Map Plan
1. We can study a part or whole of the earth 1. A plan is a detail of drawing of small areas.
with the help of a map. 2. In plan, details are given in the form of
2. A map contains a lot of information. symbols.
3. A map shows only the very important 3. A plan can show the length and the
features of the area. breadth.

TYPES OF SURVEYING

There are many types of disciplines in surveying and a surveyor during their career may decide
to specialize in a particular discipline or may gain experience in all disciplines. The main
disciplines of surveying are:

Cadastral Surveys

- Closed surveys undertaken in urban and rural locations for the purpose of defining the
property lines and boundaries.

City Surveys

- For planning expansions or improvements, locating property lines, fixing reference

monuments, determine physical features and configuration of the land.
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Construction Surveys
– often called “stake-out” or “setting out”. It is an essential part of construction that is
performed to establishment reference points and markers that will guide the construction.
Hydrographic Surveys
– this type includes mapping of bodies of water such as lakes, rivers, etc. It also include
measurement of features such as discharge, etc.
Industrial Surveys
– a sub-discipline of surveying which requires high accuracy and precision. It includes
alignment of machineries and optical tooling.
Mine Surveys
– the practice of measuring and mapping on-ground or underground points for the
purpose of exploiting and utilizing mineral deposits.
Photogrammetric Survey
– obtains reliable spatial information from photographic images.
Route Surveys
– provides the data needed to determine horizontal and vertical alignment and even
earthwork quantities, for the design of linear structures such as roads, railways, pipelines, etc.
Topographic surveys
– survey method that are used to map natural and/or man-made features on the ground
as well as obtain elevations.

PREPARED BY: ENGR. DIOSFER L. LEDESMA

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