www.lawcommission.gov.

np

:6f088{ gfk / tf}n P]g, @)@%

nfndf]x/ / k| sfzg ldlt
@)@%.&.(
;+ zf] wg ug]{ P]g
!= :6f088{ gfk / tf} n -klxnf] ;+zf] wg_ P]g, @)## @)##.&.$
@= :6f088{ gfk / tf} n -bf] ;|f] ;+z f] wg_ P]g , @)$@ @)$@.^.(
#= Gofo k|zf;g ;' wf/ -rf} yf] ;+z f] wg_ P] g, @)$# @)$#.&.@$
$= :6f088{ gfk / tf} n -t] ;|f] ;+ z f] wg_ P]g , @)$$ @)$$.^.(
%= :6f088{ gfk / tf} n -rf] yf} ;+ zf] wg_ P]g,@)$% @)$%.&.!)
^= Gofo k|zf;g P] g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
@)@% ;fnsf] P]g g+= !&
d]l6«s k4ltdf cfwfl/t gfk tf}nsf] :6f088{ sfod u/L
k|rngdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g
k|:tfjgf M g]kfne/L d]l 6«s k4ltdf cfwfl/t gfk / tf} nsf] :6f088{ sfod u/L k| rngdf
Nofpg] Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsfn] ,
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh dx] Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb] j af6 /fli6«o k~rfotsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltn]]
of] P]g agfOaS;]sf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd,
gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P] gsf] gfd æ:6f088{ gfk / tf} n P]g,
@)@%Æ /x] sf] 5 .
-@_ of] P]g g] kfne/ nfu" x' g]5 .
-#_ of] bkmf t'?Gt k| f/De x'g]5 / cGo bkmfx? g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn
/fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s flzt u/L tf]l slbPsf] 7fpFdf tf]lslbPsf] ldltb]l v tf]l slbPsf]
sf/f] jf/ jf dfn;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf k| f/De x'g] 5 .✓

✓
:6f088{ gfk / tf}n P] g, @)@% nfu" x'g] af/]sf] g]k fn /fhkqdf ;"r gf k| sflzt ldlt M–
-!_ @)@&.%.!% -@_ @)@*.#.!$ -#_ @)#).#.!* -$_ @)#!.%.#!
-%_ @)#!.&.@^ -^_ @)#@.!.!% -&_ @)#@.!@.!^ -*_ @)##.$.$

www.lawcommission.gov.np 1
www.lawcommission.gov.np

@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k| ;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu] df o; P] gdf–

-s_ ælsnf]u|fdÆ eGgfn] gfk tf} nsf] cGt/f{li6«o Jo"/f]d f /x] sf] gfktf} nsf] k| yd
;fwf/0f ;Dd] ngn] lsnf]u|fdsf] cGt/f{li6«o k|l td"l t{ -k| f]6f] 6fOk_ egL 3f]lift
u/] s f] Knfl6gd Ol/l8Pdsf] 9\o fs -l;ln08/_ sf] /fzL -df;_ ;D´g' k5{ .
✁
-v_ =======================
-u_ æ;fdfGo jfo' d08nLo rfkÆ eGgfn] k|l t ju{ ld6/ !)!#@% Go" 6gsf] rfk
;D´g' k5{ .
:ki6Ls/0f M Ps lsnf] u|fdsf] /fzLnfO{ Ps ld6/ k|l t ;] s]0 8sf] b/n] ult
a9fpg] an -kmf] ;{_ nfO{ Go" 6g dflgG5 .
-3_ æJofkfl/s gfk jf tf} nÆ eGgfn] jfl0fHo tyf Jofkf/sf] sf/f] jf/df Jojxf/
ul/g] :6f088{ gfk / tf} nnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-ª_ ægfKg] oGqÆ eGgfn] tf} ng] oGq afx]s c? h' g ;' s} gfKg] oGqnfO{ ;D´g' k5{
/ o; zAbn] nDafO{ , If]q kmn, cfotg jf u| flxtf gfKg] jf uGg] oGq
;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-r_ ætf} ng] oGqÆ eGgfn] tf} ng] sfddf Jojxf/ ul/g] ;a} lsl;dsf] tf} ng] oGq
/ b' O{ kNnf ePsf] t/fh' / ;f] t/fh'df Jojxf/ x'g] 9s ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-5_ ædf]x/ aGb Kofs] hÆ eGgfn] laqmLsf] ;dodf To;leq /x] s f] j:t' sf] s' g}
gfk jf tf} n gu/L a]Rg] clek| fon] /flvPsf] aGbL kf] sf], lzzL, kLkf, l6g,
Jof/n, afs;, efF 8f] , y} nf] , af]/ f jf o:t} c? s'g} Kofs ul/Psf] rLhnfO{
;D´g' k5{ .
-h_ æ6fF rfÆ eGgfn] 9fn]/ , vf] k]/, s'Fb] /, 8fd]/ jf s'g} t/Lsfn] oyf;Dej gd]l 6g]
u/L nufOPsf] 6fF rfnfO{ ;D´g' k5{ .
-´_ æhfF rÆ eGgfn] gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfF Rg] jf k/LIf0f ug]{
sfdnfO{ ;D´g' k5{ / of] zAbn] k'gM hfF r ug]{ sfd ;d] tnfO{ hgfpF 5 .
✰
-`_ ælgoGqsÆ eGgfn] u'0f:t/ tyf gfk tf} n ljefusf] dxflgb]{zs ;D´g' k5{ .

-(_ @)##.&.!^ -!)_ @)#$.!.@) -!!_ @)#$.&.!% -!@_ @)#$.!!.(

-!#_ @)#^.!.!) -!$_ @)#^.(.( -!%_ @)#^.!!.& -!^_ @)#&.*.@#
-!&_ @)#(.#.& -!*_ @)$).&.@!
✁
klxnf] ;+ zf] wgåf/f l´lsPsf] .
✰
t];|f] ;+ zf] gåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np 2
www.lawcommission.gov.np

-6_ ælg/LIfsÆ eGgfn] g] kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g sf] k|of] hgsf] nflu lgo'Qm u/] sf]
jf tf]lslbPsf] clwsf/LnfO{ ;D´g' k5{ . ❋


-6!_ ægfk tf} nsf] ;fwf/0f ;efÆ eGgfn] sGe] Gzg 8\o" ld6/ cGtu{ t :yfkgf
ePsf] sGkm/] G; hg/n 8] KjfO8\ ; P d] h;{ ;D´g'k5{ .


-6@_ ægfk tf} nsf] cGt/f{li6«o sfof{ noÆ eGgfn] sGe] Gzg ld6/ 8\o" cGtu{ t
:yfkgf ePsf] Ao"/f] O06/g] zgn 8] KjfO8\ ; P d] h;{ ;D´g' k5{ .


-6#_ æsfg"gL gfk tf} n lj1fgsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+: yfÆ eGgfn] sGe] Gzg
OlG:6Ro"o06 o"g cu{g fOh] zg O06/g]zgn 8] d] 6«f]nf] hL lnun cGtu{ t
:yfkgf ePsf] cu{g fOh] zg OG6/g]z gn 8] d] 6«f]nf] hL ;D´g' k5{ .
-7_ ætf]l sPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]l hdsf] Æ eGgfn] of] P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf]
lgodx?df tf]l sPsf] jf tf]l sP adf]lhdsf] ;D´g' k5{ .
kl/R5]b–@
:6f088{ gfk / tf}n


@s= gfk tf}nsf O{sfO{x? M -!_ gfk tf] nsf k|To]s O{ sfO{x? d]l 6«s k| 0 ffnLdf cfwfl/t
x'g]5g\ .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] k| o f] hgsf] lgldQ–
-s_ gfk tf} nsf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] l;kmfl/; u/]s f] cGt/f{li6«o
k|0ffnLsf O{s fO{x ?, /
-v_ sfg"g L gfktf} n lj1fgsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+ : yfn] l;kmfl/; ug]{
c? cltl/Qm O{ s fO{x ?, d]l6« s k| 0 ffnLsf O{s fO{ x? x' g]5 g\ .
∂#= dL6/ M -!_ dL6/ nDafO{ sf] d" n O{ sfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ ædL6/Æ eGgfn] k|sfzn] !÷@((&(@$%* ;] s]0 8sf] cjlwleq z" Go
7fpF -Eofs' d_ df to u/]s f] b'/ LnfO{ hgfpF 5 .

❋
ldlt @)@&.!!.!) sf] g]k fn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k| sflzt u/L tf]lslbPsf] .


klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f yk .
∂
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np 3
www.lawcommission.gov.np

-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dL6/sf] kl/df0f -Eofn'_ lgsfNg] dL6/sf] Ps /fli6«o

:6f088{ agfpg nufpg] 5 / ;f] :6f088{ dL6/sf] cGt/f{li6«o :6f088{ cg' ;f/
k| dfl0ft u/fpg] 5 . To:tf] :6f088{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]l slbPsf] 7fpFdf tf]l slbPsf]
JolQmsf] lhDdfdf /xg]5 .
∂$= lsnf]u|fd M -!_ lsnf] u|fd /flzsf] d" n OsfO{ x'g] 5 .
-@_ g] kfn ;/sf/n] lsnf] u|fdsf] kl/df0f lgsfNg] lsnf]u|fdsf] Ps /fli6«o
:6f088{ agfpg nufpg]5 / ;f] :6f088{ lsnf] u|fdsf] cGt/f{li6«o k|l td"l t{ cg' ;f/
jf cGt/f{li6«o k|l td"lt{{ cg' ;f/ agfOPsf] cGo d' n'ssf] /fli6«o k|ltd"l t{ cg' ;f/
k| dfl0ft u/fpg] 5 . To:tf] :6f088{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]l slbPsf] 7fpFdf tf]l slbPsf]
JolQmsf] lhDdfdf /xg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / bkmf *v= df h'g;'s} s'/ f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg ax' d"No
/Tgsf] nflu /flzsf] d" n OsfO{ Ps lsnf] u|fdsf] kfF r xhf/ v08sf] Ps v08
a/fa/sf] Ps Sof/] 6 x' g]5 .
-$_ s'g} :yfgdf tf} nsf] :6f088{ OsfO{ ;f] :yfgdf /flzsf] d" n OsfO{sf]
tf} n x'g] 5 .
%= ∂;]s]08 M ∂ -!_ ;] s]0 8 ;dosf] d" n O{s fO{ x' g]5 .
∝
-@_ l;lhod Pr–!## k/df0f'sf] ef}l ts cj:yf -u| fp08 :6]6_ sf] b'O{ clt
ldxLg ;tx -xfOk/ kmfOg n] j n_ aLrsf] l:yltsf] cGt/df x' g] ljls/0f -/]l 8Pzg_
sf] ( !(@ ^#! &&) u'0 ff ;dofjlwnfO{ ;D´g' k5{ .
^= ∂PlDkP/ M ∂-!_ PlDkP/ ljB' t wf/fsf] d" n OsfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ Ps PlDko/ eGgfn] gu0o j[ Qfsf/ cg' k|:y v08 -g] ulnlhan ;s'{ n/
qm; ;]S ;g_ ePsf] tyf z" Go -Eofs'd_ df Ps ld6/sf] kmf;nfdf /x]s f] c;Lldt

∂
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .
∝
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f ;+ zf]l wt .

www.lawcommission.gov.np 4
www.lawcommission.gov.np

nDafO{s f] b' O{ ;dfgfGt/ ;f]´ f] ;' rfns -sG8S6/_ x?df Psgfzsf] ultn] auL tL
;' rfnsx?sf] aLrdf k|lt ld6/ @×!)–& Go' 6g an pTkGg ug]{ ljB' t\ wf/fnfO{
;D´g' k5{ .
∝&= ∂s]nleg M ∂-!_ s] nleg ydf]{ 8fOgflds tfkqmdsf] d" n OsfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ æs] nlegÆ eGgfn] ydf]{ 8fOgflds tfkqmddf kfgLsf] lqlaGb" -l6« kn
KjfO06 ckm jf6/_ sf] !÷@&#=!^ nfO{ hgfpF5 .
-#_ s] nleg tfkqmdsf] cGt/ hgfpg] df ;d]t k| of] u ul/g]5 .
-$_ tfkqmdsf] cGt/f{li6« o Jojxfl/s :s] nsf] ;]N ;Lo; l8u| L, h;sf]
a/fa/ @&#=!% s] nleg x' G5, s] nleg a/fa/ x'G5 .
-%_ ;] N ;Lo; l8u| LnfO{ tfkqmdsf] cGt/ hgfpg] df ;d] t k|o f] u ug{
;lsg] 5 .
*= Sof08]nf M ∂-!_ Sof08] ndf k|sfz tLj| tfsf] d" n OsfO{ x' g]5 .
∂Sof08]
∝
-@_ æSof08] nfÆ eGgfn] k| To] s ju{d L6/ !)!#@% Go"6g rfkdf Knfl6gd
hDg] tfkqmddf s[i 0f lk08 -Anfs a8L_ sf] !.^))))) ju{ d L6/ ;txsf] nDa
lbzfsf] k|sfz tLj| tf -n'ldg; O06]lG;6L_ nfO{{ hgfpF5 .
•*s= df]n M ∂-!_ df] n j:t's f] kl/df0fsf] d" n OsfO{ x' g]5 .
-@_ ædf] nÆ eGgfn] sfaf]{g !@ sf] )=)!@ lsnf] u|fddf hlt k/df0f' -P6d_
5g\ TolQs} df}l ns tTjx? -Olnd]0 6/L Ol06l6h_ ePsf] k4ltsf] kl/df0fnfO{
hgfpF 5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M df] nsf] ha k|of] u x'G5 df}l ns tTjx? -Olnd]0 6/L Ol06l6h_
sf] /fd| f] pNn]v x' g' k5{ / of] k/df0f' , c0f' ljB' t\zlQmo' Qm k/df0f' -cfoG;_, On]S 6« f]g,
c? s0fx? jf To:tf] tf]lsPsf] s0fsf] ;d" x x'g ;S5 .
∝
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
∂
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
• klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

www.lawcommission.gov.np 5
www.lawcommission.gov.np

•*v= gfk tf}nsf c? OsfO{x? tf]Sg] M -!_ gfk tf} nsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef / sfg" gL gfk tf}n
lj1fgsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;+: yfn] l;kmfl/; u/] sf] gfk tf} nsf] d" n OsfO{x?;+ u
;DalGwt k"/s -;KnLd] 0 6/L_ pbe" t -l8/fOE8_ jf c? O{ sfO{x ? jf :6f088{ k|l t?k
jf kl/efiffx? tf]lsP adf]l hd x'g]5 g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f M pbe" t O{sfO{x? -l8/fOE8 o'lg6x?_ eGgfn] d" n jf k" /s
O{sfO{af6 jf b'j} O{s fO{ af6 lgsflnPsf] O{ s fO{ nfO{ hgfpF 5 .
-@_ gfk tf} nsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf sfg"g L gfk tf} n lj1fgsf] cGt/f{li6«o
;+ :yfn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] gfk jf tf} nsf] O{sfO{x?;+ u ;DalGwt ckjTo{ -dlN6kN;_
ckjt{ -;jdlN6kN;_, k| fs[l ts l:y/ -lkmlhsn sG;6]06_ / cg' kft u'0 fs -/]lzof]
ckm sf] –Olkm;]G ;L_ tf]l sPadf]l hd x' g]5g\ .
-#_ gfk tf} nsf] ;fwf/0f ;ef jf sfg"g L gfk tf} n lj1fgsf] cGt/f{li6«o
;+ :yfn] l;kmfl/z u/] cg' ;f/sf] gfk / tf} nsf ljz]if OsfO{x ? g] kfn ;/sf/n]
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s flzt u/L cfjZos cjlwsf] nflu tf]Sg ;Sg] 5 .
•*u= cGt/f{li6«o OsfO{
OsfO{x? g]kfnL cÍdf /xg] M -!_ u0fgfsf] d"n OsfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
OsfO{sf] cfwf/df g] kfnL cÍx? x'g] 5 .
-@_ k| To] s u0fgf bzdnj k|0 ffnLdf x' g]5 .
-#_ u0fgfsf] bzdnj ckjTo{ -dlN6kN;_ / ckjt{ -;j dlN6kN;_
tf]lsPsf] ;+1 f tyf t/Lsf cg' ;f/ n]l vg] 5 .
•*3= :6f088{ OsfO{x?
x? M bkmf #, $, %, ^, &, *, / *s= df tf]lsPsf] gfk jf tf} nsf]
d" n OsfO{x ? / bkmf *v cGtu{ t tf]lsPadf]l hdsf] k"/s tyf c? OsfO{x ? gfk jf
tf} nsf :6f088{ OsfO{x ? x'g] 5g\ .
✁
(= =============================
✁
!)= ========================

• klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
✁
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f vf/]h .

www.lawcommission.gov.np 6
www.lawcommission.gov.np

✁
!!= =========================
✁
!@= ===================
✁
!#= ===================
!$= s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] gfk / tf}n rngdf /fVg lbg ;lsg] M g] kfnsf] s'g} 7fpF jf
sf/f] jf/ jf dfn;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf of] P]g nfu" eP tfklg g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn
/fhkqdf ;" rgf k| sflzt u/L a9Ldf kfF r jif{ ;Dd To:tf] 7fpF jf sf/f]j f/ jf
dfn;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf :6f088{ /flz / gfksf cltl/Qm ;f]x L ;" rgfdf tf]l slbPsf]
c? s'g} gfk / tf} nsf] k| rng hf/L /fVg cg' dlt lbg ;Sg]5 .
t/, of] P]g nfu" x'g eGbf cufl8 tTsfn k| rngdf g/x] sf] s' g} gfk jf tf}n
k| rngdf Nofpg] u/L g] kfn ;/sf/n] pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{ t cg' dlt lbg ;Sg] 5} g .
!%= k|rlnt gfk / tf}nnfO{ :6f088{ gfk / tf}ndf kl/0ft ug]{ M -!_ of] P]g nfu" x'g'
eGbf cufl8 k| rngdf /x]sf] gfk / tf} nsf] kl/df0fnfO{ :6f088{ gfk jf tf} nsf]
?kdf cg';"rLdf pNn] v ul/Psf cg' kflts b/df kl/0ft ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|s flzt u/L pkbkmf -!_ df
pNn] v ul/Psf gfk jf tf} n afx]s c? gfk jf tf} nsf] kl/df0fnfO{ :6f088{ gfk jf
tf} nsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug]{ cg' kflts b/ tf] Sg ;Sg] 5 .
-#_ s'g} P]g jf P]g cGtu{ tsf] s' g} lgod cfb] z jf ;" rgf jf s'g} s/f/
jf lnvtdf pNn] v ul/Psf] :6f088{ /flz jf gfk afx] s c? s'g} gfk jf tf} nsf]
kl/df0f cj:yf cg' ;f/ cg';" rLdf jf pkbkmf -@_ cGtu{ t lgsflnPsf] ;" rgfdf
pNn] v ul/Psf] cg' kflts b/df kl/0ft ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
-$_ s'g} n] gb] v jf Jojxf/sf] ;DaGwdf JoQm ul/Psf] s' g} gfk jf tf} nsf]
kl/df0fnfO{ :6f088{ /flz jf gfksf] ?kdf o; bkmf cGtu{ t kl/0ft ubf{ To:tf]
n] gb]g jf Jojxf/sf] nflu tf]l sP adf]l hdsf] lx;fan] ul/g] 5 .

✌
klxnf] ;+ zf] wgåf/f vf/] h .
bf];| f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .

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www.lawcommission.gov.np

!^= k|d'v :6f088{ M -!_ g] kfn ;/sf/n] ✌ bkmf *3= jf pNn] v ul/Psf] :6f088{ /fzL /
gfk jf To;sf] ckjTo{ jf ckjt{ c+ z -dlN6kN; jf ;j–dlN6kN;_ sf] ;] 6
agfpg nufpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] ;] 6nfO{ k| d' v :6f088{ elgg]5 .
-@_ k| d' v :6f088{ tf]l sPsf] j:t' , l8hfog tyf ljj/0fsf] x'g]5 . To;nfO{
tf]lsPsf] JolQm jf clwsf/Ln] k| d fl0ft u/L 6fF rf nufO{ tf]lsPsf] 7fpF df tf]lsP
adf]l hd /fVg]5 tyf tf]lsP adf]l hdsf] k| To] s cjlwleq To;nfO{ /fli6«o
∂
:6f088{ ;+u hfF rL To;df ;f] hfF r]sf] ldlt ;lxtsf] lg:;f nufpg' k5{ .
!&= dfWolds :6f088{ M -!_ sfo{sf/L :6f088{ 7Ls a]7 Ls hfFRgsf] nflu g] kfn
;/sf/n] cfjZostf cg' ;f/ k| d fl0ft :6f088{ gfk / tf} nsf] ;] 6x? tof/ ug{
nufpg ;Sg]5 . tL ;] 6x?nfO{ dfWolds :6f088{ elgg]5 .
-@_ dfWolds :6f088{ tf]l sPsf] j:t' , l8hfog tyf ljj/0fsf] x'g]5 .
To;nfO{ tf]l sPsf] JolQm jf clwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L 6fF rf nufO{ tf]l sPsf] 7fpFdf
tf]lsP adf]l hd /fVg]5 tyf tf]lsP adf]l hdsf] k|To]s cjlwleq To;nfO{ k| d' v
:6f88{ ;+u hfFrL To;df ;f] hfF r]sf] ldlt ;lxtsf] lg:;f nufpg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd Dofbleq hfF r u/L 6fF rf gnufPsf] dfWolds
:6f088{ sf] sfg"g L dfGotf x'g] 5} g / of] P] gsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu k| of] u ul/g] 5}g .
!*= sfo{sf/L :6f088{ M -!_ Jofkfl/s gfk / tf} n jf Jofkfl/s k| rngdf NofOg] gfKg] /
tf} ng] oGq 7Ls a]7 Ls hfFRgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos ;D´] hlt k|dfl0ft
gfk / tf} nsf] ;] 6x? / d" Nojfg wft' / hjfx/ftsf] lgldQ ljz]i f sfo{ s f/L gfk /
tf} nsf ;] 6x? agfpg nufpg ;Sg]5 . tL ;] 6x?nfO{ sfo{sf/L :6f088{ elgg] 5 .
-@_ sfo{s f/L :6f088{ tf]lsPsf] j:t' , l8hfog / ljj/0fsf] x'g]5 / To;df
tf]lsPsf JolQm jf clwsf/Ln] tf]l sPsf tl/sfn] k|d fl0ft u/L 6fF rf nufO{
tf]lsPsf] 7fpF d f tf]lsPadf]lhd /fVg] 5 tyf To;nfO{ tf]l sP adf]l hdsf] k|To]s
cjlwleq dfWolds :6f088{ ;+ u hfF rL To;df ;f] hfF r]sf] ldlt ;lxtsf] lg:;f
nufpg' k5{ .

✌
bf];| f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .
∂
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .

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t/, d"Nojfg wft' / hjfx/ft ;DaGwL ljz]if sfo{sf/L :6f088{ s f] ;] 6 k| d' v

:6f088{ ;+u hfFl rg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]l hd Dofbleq hfF r u/L 6fF rf gnufO{{ Psf] sfo{s f/L
:6f088{ sf] sfg"g L dfGotf x'g] 5}g / of] P] gsf] k|o f] hgsf] nflu k| of] u ul/g] 5}g .
!(= :6f088{ gfKg] / tf}ng] oGq M -!_ Jofkfl/s gfk / tf} n jf Jofkfl/s k| rngdf
NofOg] gfKg] / tf} ng] oGq hfF r ug{ rflxg] gfKg] / tf} ng] oGq g] kfn ;/sf/n]
cfjZostf cg' ;f/ tof/ ug{ nufpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf gfKg] / tf} ng] oGq tf]l sP adf]l hd hfF r u/L
6fF rf nufO{ tf]l sPsf] t/Lsf / ;+ Vofdf /flvg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf gfKg] / tf} ng] oGqsf ;] 6 dfWolds jf
sfo{sf/L ;] 6 /flvPsf] 7fpF df /flvg] 5 .
@)= :6f088{ gfk / tf}n afx]s c? gfk / tf}
tf}n k|rngdf Nofpg gkfOg] M -!_ bkmf !$
/ @$ adf]l hd g] kfn ;/sf/n] cGoyf cg' dlt lbPdf afx]s k| rlnt sfg" gdf jf
k| rngdf h] ;'s} ePtfklg of] P] g nfu" ePsf] tLg dxLgf kl5 of] P] g nfu" ePsf]
If] qleq jf of] P]g nfu" ePsf] sf/f] jf/ / dfn;fdfgsf] ;DaGwdf :6f088{ gfk jf
tf} n afx] s c? lsl;dsf] gfk jf tf}nsf] Jojxf/ ug{ jf To:tf] s'g} gfk jf
tf} nsf] OsfO{ åf/f s'g} j:t' s f] d"No ls6\g jf kl/df0f tf]Sg x'F b}g .
-@_ s'g} lsl;dsf] /Llt, l/jfh, rng jf Jojxf/ cg' ;f/ Jofkf/sf] s'g}
j:t' sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] s/f/ jf sf/f] jf/df s'g} Jofkf/L jf laqm] tf jf u| fxsn]
gfk jf tf} nn] tf} ng] lglZrt u/] s f] kl/df0f eGbf 36L jf a9L dfUg] jf lng] jf
dfUg nufpg jf lng nufpg] u/]sf] eP of] P]g nfu" ePsf] ldltb]l v To:tf] /Llt,
l/jfh, rng / Jojxf/ lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] alv{ nfk ul/Psf] sfd sf/f] af/sf] sfg" gL dfGotf
x'g]5}g .
@!= vf; s'/fdf s]jn gfk dfq jf tf}n dfq k|of]u ug{ lgb]{z lbg ;lsg] M of] P]g df
h'g;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg g] kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sflzt
u/L ;f] xL ;" rgfdf tf]lsPsf] ldltb]lv s'g} vf; If] qleq s'g} vf; Jofkf/, n] gb]g

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jf s/f/sf ;DaGwdf vf; vf; zt{x ?sf cwLgdf /xL gfk]/ jf tf} n]/ dfq
sf/f] af/ ug{ lgb]{z lbg ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b–#
gfk / tf}nsf] hfFr / 6fFrf nufpg]
@@= Jofkfl/s gfk / tf}ndf kl/df0f / ;+1f clÍt x'g' kg]{ M Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} ndf
gfKg] gfk / tf} ng] tf} nsf] ;+ 1 f / kl/df0f :ki6?kn] cl°t ePsf] x'g'k5{ / tf]lsP
adf]l hd hfF rsf] :ki6 5fk nufOPsf] x'g'k5{ .
@#= 6fFrf gnfu]sf] Jofkfl/s gfk / tf}nsf] laqmL ljt/0f jf k|of]u ug{ lgif]w M bkmf
@$ df cGoyf n]l vPsf] df afx] s tf]lsP adf]l hd hfF r gePsf] / lg/LIfsåf/f ;f]
hfF rsf] 6fF rf gnufOPsf] s' g} klg Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq
laqmL, ljt/0f jf Jojxf/df NofOg] 5}g .
@$= 5'6 lbg] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k|sflzt
u/L b]xfo adf]l hdsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]5 M–
-s_ s'g} vf; lsl;dsf] sf/f] j f/df jf ljb] zL d' n's;F usf] Jofkf/df d]l 6« s
k|0ffnL afx]s c? s' g} k|0ffnLsf] gfk tf} n jf gfKg] tf} ng] oGq hfF r gePsf]
eP tfklg k|dfl0ft ;Dd u/L k|of] u ug{ lbg] ,
-v_ vf; lsl;dsf] gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfF r eO;s]s f] cj:yfdf dfq k|of] udf
Nofpg lbg] , /
-u_ vf; lsl;dsf] gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfF r u/fpg' gkg]{ .
@%= gfk tf}n jf gfKg] tf}ng] oGq k|of]u ug{ cg'dltkq lng' kg]{ M Jofkf/L tyf
Jofj;foLn] gfk tf} n jf gfKg] tf} ng] oGq k|o f] u ug{ tf]l sPsf] ;doleq tf]lsPsf]
b:t'/ lt/L cfˆgf] gfd btf{ u/fO{ ✌ lg/LIfsaf6 cg' dltkq lng' k5{ .

✌
bf];| f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .

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∂@^= Ohfhtkq glnO{ ug{ gx'g] M lg/LIfsaf6 tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lt/]/ tf]l sPadf]l hd
Ohfht k| fKt gu/L s'g} klg JolQmn] cfˆgf] Jofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf Jofkfl/s gfk
jf tf}n jf gfKg] oGq jf tf} ng] oGq agfpg, dd{ t ug{ laqmL ug{ jf tf]lsPsf]
gfKg] jf tf} ng] ;] j fsf] Joj;fo ug{ x'Fb}g .
@&= df]xf]/ aGbL ul/Psf Kofs]hdf gfk jf tf}n clÍt x'g kg]{ M df]x f]/ aGb Kofs] hdf
/x]s f j:t'x ?sf] gfk jf tf} n :ki6 pNn] v u/L ;f] Kofs]hdf n] j n nufPsf]
x'g'k5{ . o;/L n]jn gnufOPsf] j:t's f] Kofs] h s;} n] a]R g, a]Rg nufpg jf a]Rg]
p2]Zon] /fVg x'F b}g .
t/, ;fwf/0ftof gfk jf tf} nåf/f sf/f] jf/ jf laqmL gul/g] j:t'x ?sf] ;DaGwdf of]
bkmf nfu" x'g] 5} g .
@*= lg/LIfssf] sfd st{Jo M -!_ lg/LIfsn] lgoGqsn] tf]l slbPsf] If]q / ;dodf gfk /
tf} n tyf gfKg] tf} ng] oGq hfF r ug'{ k5{ .
-@_ lg/LIfsn] cfˆgf] ;dIf hfF rsf] lgldQ NofOPsf gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg]
jf tf}ng] oGq of] P] g tyf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf lgodx? adf]l hd hfF rL 7Ls
b]lvPdf tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ tf]lsP adf]l hd hfF rsf] 6fF rf nufpg' k5{ .
-#_ hfF r ul/g' kg]{ s' g} klg gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfFr
gu/L /fVg' x'Fb}g .
-$_ lg/LIfsn] Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq jf To:tf]
gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGqn] laqmL ul/Psf] jf lbPsf] j:t' s f] gfk jf
tf} n jf To:tf] gfk jf tf} n gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq /flvPsf] s' g} klg :yfgdf uO{
hfF r ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ lg/LIfsn] s'g} Jofkf/L jf lghn] cfˆgf] sfdsf] lgldQ lgo'lQm u/]sf]
s'g} JolQmn] k| of] udf NofPsf jf To:tf] Jofkf/L jf JolQm;+ u /x]s f] jf Jofkf/sf]
sfdsf] nflu s'g} :yfgdf /flvPsf] gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq / ;f]
;DaGwL ;a} lnvt k] z ug{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] Jofkf/L jf JolQmn] klg ;f]
cfb]z adf]l hdsf] oGq jf lnvt k]z ug'{ k5{ .

∂
rf}yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+ zf]lwt .

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-^_ lg/LIfsnfO{ gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGqsf] ;DaGwdf s;}n]
o; P]g cGtu{ t s'g} s;" / u/] sf] jf ug{ nfu] sf]5 eGg] zÍf nfu]d f lghn] To:tf]
gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq jf To:tf] gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng]
oGqn] laqmL u/]sf] jf lbPsf] jf lbg nfu] sf] j:t' / ;DalGwt ;a} lnvt cfˆgf]
sAhfdf lng ;Sg]5 .
-&_ lg/LIfsnfO{ s' g} klg df]x f]/ aGb Kofs] hdf /x] sf] j:t' s f] gfk jf tf}n
;f] Kofs] hsf] n] jndf plNnlvt gfk jf tf} n eGbf sd 5 eGg] z°f nfUg] sf/0f
ePdf lghn] To:tf] Kofs] hsf] df]x f]/ tf] 8L Kofs] hdf /x]s f] j:t'sf] gfk jf tf} nsf]
hfF r ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ lg/LIfsn] pkbkmf -&_ adf]l hd hfFR bf Kofs] hsf] j:t' sf] gfk jf tf}n
7Ls gb]l vPdf Kofs] h / To;leq /x] sf] j:t' cfˆgf] sAhfdf lng ;Sg]5 / 7Ls
b]lvPdf Kofs] hsf] plrt d"No ;f] Kofsh] s f] wgLnfO{ lbg] 5 .
✆
@(= k'g/fj]bg M o; P] g adf]lhd lg/LIfsn] u/]sf] lg0f{o jf ;hfosf] cfb]z pk/ k}+ tL;
lbg leq ‽k' g/fj] bg cbfntdf k'g /fj] bg nfUg]5 .
kl/R5]b–$
;hfo
#)= ;hfo M ∝-!_ s;} n] bkmf @) sf] pkbkmf -!_, bkmf @!, @#, @%, @^ jf @& sf]
alv{ nfk s' g} sfd u/] d f jf ug{ pBf] u u/] d f jf ;f] ug{ c? s;} nfO{ b' ? T;fxg
lbPdf jf of] P]g cGtu{ t lg/LIfsn] cfˆgf] st{ Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf s'g} sfd
ubf{ To;df afwf k'¥ ofO{ lbPdf jf s'g} j:t' s f] gfk jf tf} nsf] cfwf/df laqmL jf
sf/f] af/ ubf{ h'g gfk jf tf} nsf] kl/df0fdf v/Lb laqmL jf sf/f] jf/ ul/Psf] xf] ;f]
gfk jf tf} nn] lglZrt u/] sf] kl/df0feGbf 36L a9L u/L lnP lng nufP jf lbP
✍
lbnfPdf lghnfO{ lg/LIfsn] k| To]s s;"/ df a9Ldf Ps xhf/ ?k} ofF ;Dd hl/jfgf
ug{ ;Sg]5 .

✆
Gofo k| zf;g ;'wf/ -rf}yf] ;+zf]wg_ P] g, @)$# åf/f ;+zf]lwt .
‽
Gofo k|zf;g P] g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf]lwt
∝
klxnf] ;+zf] wgåf/f ;+ zf]l wt .
✍
bf];|f] ;+ zf] wgåf/f yk .

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-@_ ✁ ======================
-#_ s;} n] s'g} :6f088{ gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfnL jf 36L
a9L agfP jf agfpg nufPdf jf To:tf] hfnL jf 36L a9L gfk jf tf} n jf tf} ng]
oGq hfgL hfgL ;SsnL ?kdf Jojxf/ u/] d f jf Jojxf/ ug]{ p2] Zon] /fv] df jf
laqmL u/] u/fPdf jf of] P] g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag]sf lgodx? adf]l hd :6f088{
gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] tf} ng] oGq nufpg] 5fk 6fF rf hfnL agfPdf jf agfpg
nufPdf jf /fv] df jf To:tf] gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGqsf] 5fk lauf/L
hfnL 6fF rf nufPdf jf nufpg nfPdf lghnfO{ a9Ldf ?= !,))).– Psxhf/
?k}o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps jif{ ;Dd s} b jf b' j} ;hfo x' g]5 .
-$_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] sf] lgodx?sf] k|lts" n lg/LIfsn]
hfgfhfgL gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGqdf 6fF rf nufPdf lghnfO{ a9Ldf
?=!,))).– Ps xhf/ ?k}o fF ;Dd hl/jfgf jf # dxLgf;Dd s}b jf b' j} ;hfo x' g]5 .
✍
#)s= ;/sf/L afFs L ;/x c;'npk/ ug]{ M -!_ of] P] g adf]l hd lg/LIfsn] u/] s f] lg0f{o af6
bflvn ug'{ kg]{ hl/jfgf To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] ldltn] k}+ tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt
sfof{ nodf bflvn ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hdsf] Dofbleq hl/jfgfsf] /sd bflvn gu/]df
To:tf] /sd g] kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]s f] sfof{ no jf clwsf/Ln] k| rlnt sfg"g adf]l hd
;/sf/L afF sL ;/x c;" n pk/ u/L lng] 5 .
kl/R5]b–%
ljljw
#!= 6fFrf nufOPsf] gfk tf}n jf gfKg] tf}ng] oGqsf] sfg"gL dfGotf M of] P]g jf o;
P]g cGtu{ tsf lgodx? adf]lhd 6fF rf nfu]sf] gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq
7Ls 5}g egL cbfntaf6 k|dfl0ft geP;Dd 7Ls dflgg]5 .
#@= ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf kmd{n] u/]sf] s;"/sf] bfloTj M -!_ of] P] g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ s'g}
;+ ul7t ;+: yf jf kmd{ n] u/]df ;f] s;"/ u/] s f] ;dodf kmd{ sf] xsdf ;f] kmd{ sf]

✁
klxnf] ;+ zf] wgåf/f l´lsPsf] .
✍
bf];|f] ;+ zf] wgåf/f yk .

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lx:;]bf/ / ;+ul7t ;+ : yf eP ;f] ;+: yfsf] ;~rfng ug]{ d' Vo k|zf;sLo clwsf/L
jf clwsf/Lx? s;"/ bf/ 7x/L ;hfosf] efuL x'g]5g\ .
t/ To:tf] lx:;] b f/ jf ;~rfng ug]{ d' Vo k| zf;sLo clwsf/L jf
clwsf/Lx?n] To:tf] s;"/ x'g glbg ;se/ k|o f; u/] s f] jf To:tf] s;"/ u/]sf]
yfxf gePsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/] d f ;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5} g .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s' /f n]l vPsf] eP tfklg s' g} ;+ ul7t ;+ :yf jf
kmd{ n] of] P] g cGtu{ tsf s;" / u/]d f / To:tf] s;"/ kmd{ sf] xsdf ;f] kmd{sf]
lx:;]bf/ jf ;+ ul7t ;+: yf eP ;f] ;+:yfsf] d' Vo k| z f;sLo clwsf/L jf
clwsf/Lx?sf] :jLs[l t jf nfk/jfxLn] ePsf] eGg] k| dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] lx:;]b f/
jf d' Vo k| z f;sLo clwsf/L jf clwsf/Lx?n] s;"/ u/] sf] dfgL ;hfosf] efuL
x'g]5 .
##= c;n lgotn] sfd u/]sf]df arfp M of] P]g adf]lhd c;n lgot lnO{ u/] sf] jf
ug{ vf] h]sf] s'g} sfdsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} ;/sf/L sd{ rf/L pk/ d' 2 f rnfOg] jf cGo
s'g} sfg" gL sf/jfO{ ul/g] 5} g .
•##s= d'2fsf] txlssft / bfo/L M -!_ bkmf #) sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd ;hfo x' g] s;"/
;DaGwL d'2 fsf] txlssft lg/LIfsn] ug]{5 / o:tf] txlssftsf] sfd k'/ f u/L
lghn] lhNnf cbfntdf d'2 f bfo/ ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]l hd d'2 f txlssft / bfo/ ubf{ lg/LIfsn] ;/sf/L
jsLnsf] /fo lng ;Sg]5 .
#$= g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL x'g] M o; P]g cGtu{ tsf] d'2f g] kfn ;/sf/ jfbL e} rnfOg] 5 .
#%= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{ t ag] s f] lgodx?
adf]l hd k| fKt ;a} jf s] xL clwsf/ g] kfn /fhkqdf ;" rgf k| sflzt u/L ;f] xL
;" rgfdf tf]s]sf] clwsf/Ln] k| of] u ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'D kg ;Sg] 5 .
#^= lgodx? agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]gsf] p2] Zo sfof{l Gjt ug{ g] kfn ;/sf/n]
lgodx? agfpg ;Sg] 5 M–

• klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

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-@_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] ;j{ ;fdfGotfdf k|l ts" n k| efj gkg]{ u/L tL
lgodx?df b]xfosf ;a} jf s]x L s'/ fsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-s_ k| d'v :6f088{ , dfWolds :6f088{ / sfo{ sf/L :6f088{ hfF r
ug]{ sfo{ljlw,
-v_ gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq /fVg x'g] ;+ Vof To;nfO{ hfFRg] / To;df
6fF rf nufpg] t/Lsf / To; ;DaGwdf cGo cfjZos
s'/fx?,
-u_ Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq agfpg]
lgdf{ tfn] To:tf] gfk tf} n jf gfKg] tf} ng] oGqdf 6fF rf
nufpg] lsl;d,
∂
-3_ Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] oGq jf tf} ng] oGq agfpg] ,
dd{ t ug]{, laqmL ug]{ jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] ;] jf k| b fg ug]{
JolQmnfO{ Ohfhtkq lb+bf ckgfpg' kg]{ tl/sf / Ohfhtkq
kfpg] JolQmn] kfng ug'{ kg]{ zt{,
-ª_ gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGq hfF r ug]{ / To;df
6fF rf nufpg] cjlw / To;nfO{ /2L ug]{ cj:yf,
-r_ gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng] oGqsf] lx;fa lstfa
clen]v /fVg] / b] vfpg] tl/sf,
-5_ Jofkfl/s gfk jf tf} nsf] gfk jf tf} n / gfKg] jf tf} ng]
oGqsf] 36L a9Lsf] xb tf]S g],
-h_ k| d'v :6f088{ , dfWolds :6f088{ / sfo{s f/L :6f088{sf] gfk
/ tf} nsf] 36L a9Lsf] xb tf]Sg] ,
-´_ s'g} Jofkf/ jf s'g} Jofkf/sf] lsl;ddf j:t' a]Rbf dfGotf
lbOg] 36L a9Lsf] xb tf]Sg] ,
-`_ of] P]g adf]l hd cglws[t gfk jf tf} n jf gfKg] jf tf} ng]
oGq hkmt ug]{ , /f]Ssf ug]{ jf 5'6 lbg] ,

∂
rf}yf] ;+ zf] wgåf/f ;+ zf]l wt .

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-6_ s'g} gfk jf tf} nnfO{ :6f088{ /flz / gfksf] ?kdf kl/0ft
ubf{ kl/df0f JoQm ug]{ tl/sf ckgfpg] , /
-7_ of] P]gåf/f tf]Sg' kg]{ c? ljifox? .
#&= arfp M of] P] g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag] sf] lgodx?df n]l vPsf s'/ fx?df ;f] xL
adf]l hd / cGo s'/ fdf k| rlnt g] kfn sfg"g adf]l hd x' g]5 .
#*= vf/]hL M :6f088{ gfk tf} n P] g, @)@) nfO{ vf/] h ul/Psf]5 .

cg';"rL
bkmf !%;+u ;DalGwt
tf} nsf] :6f088{
!= u|] g )=))))^$&(( lsnf] u|fd
!= cf}+ ; )=)@*#$(% lsnf] u|fd
!= kf} 08 ))=$%#%(@$ lsnf] u|fd
!= xG8«] 8j] 6 %)=*)@ lsnf] u|fd
!= 6g !)!^=)% lsnf] u|fd
!= sDkgL tf] nf )=)!!^^#* lsnf] u|fd
!= df]x/ tf] nf )=)!!)*)^ lsnf] u|fd
!= kfp df]x f]/ tf] nf )=!(($%)* lsnf] u|fd
!= wfgL{ @=#(#$)(^ lsnf] u|fd
!= ;]/ -sDkgL tf] nf_)=(##!) lsnf] u|fd
!= dg #&=#@$@ lsnf] u|fd
gfksf] :6f088{
!= OGr )=)@%$ ld6/
!= km'6 )=#)$* ld6/
!=uh )=(!$$ ld6/
!= dfOn !^)(=#$$ ld6/

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!= kfyL $=%$%(^ ln6/

b|i6Jo M ax'd"No /Tgx?sf] v/Lb laqmL n]gb]g sf] sf/f] j f/df afx] s cGo ;a} sf/f]af/ /
dfn;fdfgsf ;DaGwdf c? bkmf k| f/De eO;s] sf ´fkf, df]/ ª, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L,
wg'i ff, /f} 6x6, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, sf7df8f}+ , kf6g, eQmk'/ , sfe|],
sf:sL, kfNkf, ?kGb]xL / afFs] lhNnfx?df P]g sf] bkmf @s, *s ,*v, *u, *3, /
bkmf ##s @)#$.@.!& b]lv k| f/De . -g] kfn /fhkq– @)#$.@.!&_

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