ACKNOWLEDEMENT

We would like to utilize this golden opportunity to express our deepest sense of
gratitude and hereby felt appreciation to our supervisor Dr. N.V.K. Prabhakar,
Head of department of physics for his valuable guidance and inspiration
throughout this report. Close interaction and countless discussion with him were
invaluable and of great help.

We have great appreciation to our principal Dr. Goswami for his encouragement
in this regard.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr Sangita Dalmia, Dr. Manisha

Nigam, Dr. Munira Bano, and Dr.Y.S. Pawar (Professor, dept. of Physics) for
their valuable direction in completing the project work.
It gives us immense pleasure in expressing our great fullness to Payal Soni
ma’am and Shivangi ma’am for their advice and profuse encouragement at all
stages for project work.

Our outmost thanks also goes to the non-teaching staff of the dept. of Physics
for their support. Our family members, well-wishers and friends receive our
deepest gratitude and love for their support throughout our academic session.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report on “WIRELESS VOLTAGE TEST”
submitted to department of Physics, Govt. M.L.B Girls P.G. Autonomous
College, Bhopal is a bonafied record carried out by Ms. Srishti Singh and
Ms. Akanksha Dwivedi, under my supervision and guidance for the partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of “Master of Science in
Physics” 2018-19.

Counter signed by

(Dr. N.V.K. Prabhakar)

Head, Department of physics

 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project report entitled “Non-Contact
Voltage Tester” is our own work and submitted for partial fulfilment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of Physics 2018-19. The
work has been carried out under the guidance of .

Sristhi Singh

Akanksha Dwivedi
 PREFACE
Today our country is passing through a critical stage employment is very scarce,
growing number of educated people remain unemployed for long time. Our
government is trying to do its best to provide employment, but government has
its own limitations. So self-employment is very important aspect according to
present situation.

To provide one with suitable guidance in this direction project work has been
included in our curriculum of the final year of MSc. course. This project work
reflects the theoretical and practical knowledge gained by the student during
studentship in the institute. It deals with an important aspect in the curriculum of
a student in that the student should be able to design on his own. The whole
aspects of the component taken at hand and be able to suggest new ideas to
manufacture a given component on the basis of economically justified ground in
the light of improved techniques.

Being a student of MSc. final year we have selected “Non-Contact

Voltage Tester”.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Certificate

 Declaration

 Preface

 Introduction

 Principle of Operation

 Circuit Diagram

 Components Required

 Circuit Design of Non-Contact Voltage Tester

 How to Operate Non-Contact Voltage Tester?

 Application

 Biblography
Introduction
Electricity has become a basic need for humanity as almost everything we use
in our daily life run on it. But if you do not take necessary safety precautions
while working with electricity or electrical appliances, it can cause severe
injuries or even death.

So, before working with AC Mains supply near junction boxes like installing a
new device for example, you must turn off the supply and verify that there is no
voltage in the switch board.

Voltage Testers are devices that detects and indicates presence of voltage in
power cables, electrical cords, lighting fixtures, circuit breakers, wires, power
outlets etc. A Non-contact Voltage Tester, as the name suggests, is a voltage
detector device that doesn’t need any contact with cables, cords or outlets.

In this project, I have designed a simple battery powered Non-Contact Voltage

Tester Circuit that can be used to verify the presence of voltage near all the
above mentioned places.
Principle of Operation
Any current carrying conductor produces a small magnetic field around it and
the type of magnetic field depends on the type of current passing through the
conductor. For example, if AC (alternating current) is flowing through the
conductor, then the magnetic field around the conductor also varies periodically.

The principle of this circuit is to detect this varying magnetic field and indicate
whether voltage is present or not.

In order to detect the voltages, I will be using three NPN Transistors.

Depending on the amount of base current, the collector – to – emitter current is
determined in a transistor. The ratio of collector – emitter current to base current
is known as Gain.

If the output of one transistor is connected to base of the next transistor, the net
gain is the product of individual gains.
Circuit Diagram
The following is the circuit diagram of Contactless Voltage Tester.

Figure 1
Components Required

 NPN Transistors – C1815

 1MΩ Resistances

 100KΩ Resistances: 2

 LED

 Small piece of copper wire wound as antenna

 9V Battery

 Switch
Circuit Design of Non-Contact Voltage Tester
A small copper wire is wound as an antenna and is connected to the base of the

first NPN Transistor. If this antenna detects the magnetic field when placed near

AC energized objects like cables and switches, it gets induced with a small

current (due to electromagnetic induction) and hence activates the first

transistor.

Since the output of the first transistor drives the second transistor, it gets

activated as so on. As the third transistor is activated, the LED is turned ON

indicating the presence of a voltage.

(Additionally, you can place a small buzzer in series with the LED so that it is

activated whenever the circuit detects any voltage).

How to Operate Non-Contact Voltage Tester?

  Make the connections as per the circuit diagram on a perf board and solder the
components.

 Connect the battery to the circuit and the device is now powered on.

 You can place the circuit board in a small box with only the antenna protruding out.

 Place the antenna near electrical outlets, switches, circuit breakers etc.

 If voltage is passing though these components and devices, the LED will light up.

 To save the battery, disconnect it from the circuit when it is not being used.

Applications
 This simple Non-Contact Voltage Tester can be used in several places and
near several objects like cables, cords, outlets, switch boards, junction
boxes, circuit breakers etc. to detect voltage without making any contact.
  Since it is battery operated, you can insert the circuit is a small box and
make it portable.

 It can be used in various fields like security, communication, irrigation,

entertainment, environment etc.

BIBLOGRAPHY
www.physics-and-radioelectronics.com
www.electronicshub.com
www.wekipedia.com
www.google.com