c Parent with total cholesterol > 240 mg/dL or known dyslipidemia d. Parent, grandparent, aunt/uncle, or sibling with myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, or coronary artery bypass graft/stent/angioplasty at <55 years in males and <65 years in females 3, Interventions for elevated cholesterol should include dietary and behavioral modifications, and may include referral to a registered dietician for nutrition counseling for the family. G. lron-deficiency anemia screening 1. Iron-deficiency anemia occurs most commonly in children < 6 years of age, peaking between 9 and 15 months of age, but may occur throughout the entire pediatric age range. More than 10% of 1 year olds are iron deficient. 2. Risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia include a. Prematurity b. Low birth weight c Early introduction of cow's milk (before 12 months of age) or consumption of 24 oz or more of milk a day d. Insufficient dietary intake of iron e. Low socioeconomic status 3. Universal screening of hemoglobin levels is recommended at 12 months of age. Subsequently, selective screening should be based on annual risk assessment. H. Routine urinalysis screening is not recommended. Analysis of urine samples are recommended only when clinically indicated 1. Tuberculosis screening 1. Screening for latent tuberculosis infections is recommended for children at risk for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis screening may be performed through the use of tuberculin skin testing with intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD, Mantoux skin test). Alternatively, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), which are in vitro tests of cell-mediated immune response, may be used in children older than 5 years to screen for latent tuberculosis. They are useful in the evaluation of children who have received the Bacillus Calmette— Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Screening is indicated for children with one or more of the following risk factors a. Birth place in a high-risk country other than United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or Western and Northern European countries b. Travel to an endemic region (e.g, Africa, South America, Asia, Eastern Europe) for a cumulative total of 1 week or more c Exposure to anyone with tuberculosis d. Close contact with a person who has had a positive screen for latent tuberculosis ]. Lead screening 1. Lead intoxication (plumbism): No safe blood lead level (BLL) in children has been identified, and lead intoxication remains a public health risk. While the incidence and severity of lead poisoning in the United States are decreasing, in large part owing to effective screening programs and increased public awareness, there is still a high number of affected children living in deteriorating housing built before the 1970s. 2. Risk factors for lead intoxication include the following: a. Ingestion of lead-containing paint from homes built before 1978