Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1-4
Chapter 1-4
CHAPTER 1
form connections, influence, and express what we truly felt. Without the ability to
communicate using language, the capability to progress in the working world and
around 100,000 years ago and up until now, we are still learning. We live in an
age where the interconnection of people groups and cultures is still just
beginning. That could only mean, not all the people that surrounds us know or
are more than 12 tribes which reside in the city. More and more people tend to
others.
exerted the greatest impact on languages at mostly the local level, and the
fact that in settlement colonies the European colonists sought to create new
Europes outside their metropoles from which they inherited the ideology of
industry, and in the school system. The chosen language gradually penetrated
2
the private domains of citizens' lives to the point that it became vernacular
Philippines cited that the country has recorded a high death toll of dialects. The
past few decades have witnessed the extinction of such languages as Agta Villa
Viciosa, Agta Dicamay, Ayta Tayabas, and Ermiteño; many Filipino languages
are now on the endangered list. The biggest threats to Philippine languages,
however, are the conscious and unconscious decisions of families not passing on
their language and culture, opting to prioritize regional and national languages
instead. In some provinces, children who are fluent in regional and national
languages are looked upon more favorably, than those who are skilled in the
indigenous languages of their locality. Schools around the country use Tagalog in
children get little or no incentive to learn their local native languages. Their
parents and other adults around fail to show them the value of the language and
languages must be safeguarded at all times and not taken for granted. Every
time a language perishes, a piece of our human history dies along with it.
and improving one’s life, that’s why most indigenous people particularly the
young are sent to school to study which will benefit them and the group they
belong to. But since, universal language is being followed; indigenous people
3
immerse themselves to 'foreign' language which affects the use of their own such
as the ITAS (Emerson, 2003). A paper by Grimms explains why the thirty-plus
Negrito languages in the Philippines are endangered, and what the projected
future is for these numerically tiny post- foraging societies in the 21st century.
aborigines of the Philippines whose ancestors migrated into these islands over
20,000 years ago. In early Spanish times these Negrito peoples numbered 10%
products with non-Negrito coastal peoples. The other 90% of the people were
migrating into the Islands much later, only about 5,000 years ago.
stated that the educational system in the previous decades has been biased with
linguistic (written and oral) modes of instruction and assessment and equated
excellence with good grades in written exams. This is seen to perpetuate biases
among students whose learning styles differ from the linguistic learners. Now,
with the ‘holistic education’ goals in peace education which promotes cognitive,
This study would somehow address the factors that can cause a dialect to
vanish. It will specifically focus on “Mandaya Language”. This research may add
Research Questions
region. The output will be in a form of scholarly manuscript that could be a source
of information by different parties that show interest and concern to the said
2. How does the idea of advancement contribute to the diminishing use of native
language?
The section contains selected ideas related to the study that are used to
Language death is not a physical death, most of the time it is determined by the
political and economic situation. The Irish language is at the brink of dying first
because of the long history of English linguistic dominance, the inclusion to the
“every loss of a language deprives us of a window into the human mind and the
human spirit” and the “unique repository of human experience and thought”.
historical records.
death toll of languages unless urgent measures are adopted to preserve them.
The past few decades have witnessed the extinction of such languages as Agta
Villa Viciosa, Agta Dicamay, Ayta Tayabas, and Ermiteño; many Filipino
provinces, children who are fluent in regional and national languages are
looked upon more favorably, than those who are skilled in the indigenous
languages of their locality. Schools around the country use Tagalog in teaching
66
little or no incentive to learn their local native languages. Their parents and other
adults around fail to show them the value of the language and the consequences
of its extinction.
Education
usually found in the mountainous areas of the country where basic social
services like public schools and health centers are non-existent. It is because of
this absence of schools that various groups have been undertaking efforts.
learners just because it takes more time for them to learn the competencies
knowledge generation patterns are still very oral, it is natural that they take more
thinking, among others (Revel 2005), it has been given secondary attention in
from one communication pattern to another, they are evaluated as slow learners.
77
Modernization
Aytas are marginalized from their land and feel their traditional culture and
tradition, the outcome of a 2006 workshop and research project was a discussion
that this integration will provide Ayta communities access to quality and relevant
programs are meant for school drop-outs, adults, and out-of-school youth who
want to study at their own pace and place. The ALS curriculum is applied to the
indigenous learning and teaching techniques (i.e., more group work, use of the
outdoors as venues for lessons) and increased use of indigenous materials for
teaching aids.
is for this deep-felt pain from regionalism that the name Tagalog was changed to
the more benign Pilipino/Filipino.” The article goes on to explain that “Tagalog, of
the capital metro area including most of Luzon, was found to have all the criteria
national language. But it was found that most of the widely-spoken dialects were
just that – dialects, study of the morphology and philology of Tagalog showed it
Relevance of Time
Indigenous peoples who have gone to school recall how their way of life
and the indigenous peoples in general were usually seen as backward and
belonging to the past, and their knowledge and skills were discussed as inferior
peoples’ life and being were discussed, there was a tendency to misrepresent or
community context.
In the first decade of the twenty-first century, there are an estimated 6,800
living languages worldwide (Gordon, 2005). More than half of these are
conservative estimate, two languages are lost each month. Most linguists agree
that a large majority of the languages in existence today will disappear during this
century. Why should people be concerned about language losses that directly
impact only 4 percent of the world’s population? Part of the answer for those who
of Education should invest in multi-cultural education that will enable the learners
to understand both their own culture and the modern/dominant culture. Doing so
will equip learners with confidence to engage in one’s community and outside.
The elders are the repository of knowledge. Their memory is the library of
chants, dances, rituals, and day-to-day activities of the tribe. One elder stressed
that day-to-day living and the cycle of life of the community was the ultimate
repository of knowledge, for it was in living the knowledge that its remembrance
estimates are that the world's languages are currently dying at the rate of at least
two languages each month, and linguists predict that most of today's
languages will die out in the next 100 years. Since 1962, the author has
been gathering field data on some of the smallest language groups in the
Today, the Negrito group totals some 33,000 people, comprising only
wrong with these tiny aboriginal foraging populations in the last 300 years
(Bennagen 1977; Griffin and Headland 1994; Headland 1989; Eder 1987). All
groups live in the Sierra Madre mountain range that extends north and south
down the entire eastern side of Luzon Island. Each group speaks its own
Austronesian language, which they call Agta. 3 Each Agta language (or dialect)
is mutually intelligible with one or two of its closest neighboring Agta languages
(see the Appendix). I briefly describe here the story of one of those 16 Agta
groups.
Theoretical Lens
about those issues through the analysis and modeling of theory. Grounded
understandings are shaped by similar beliefs, values and attitudes and determine
how individuals behave according to how they interpret the world around them.
People are seen as being both ‘self-aware’ and ‘aware of others’ and, therefore,
can adapt their social interactions and situational behavior to shape meaning and
society. In this sense, the focus lies with the symbolic meanings that are
desire, and volition to bodily awareness, embodied action, and social activity,
including linguistic activity. This theory is very useful in this research as this
theory will enable the researcher to record the experience of the participants that
research paradigm of the specific study follows. Thereafter the location of the
participants, a focus group discussion and field notes were used. The data
explained
12
12
Experiences
Vanishing Indigenous
Language
Idea of
Advancement/Modernization
Modern Education
Figure 1:
CHAPTER 2
Method
on indigenous issues are not meant to compete with, or replace, the Western
knowledge of indigenous peoples about themselves and for themselves, and for
perspective.
This chapter also discusses the Philosophical Assumptions that talk about
the assumptions of the paper and wit the Qualitative Assumptions which
describes the qualitative correlates of the research paradigm. Design and the
Procedure as well as the Participants for this research are vigorously discussed
in this paper along with the Data gathering process and how the data is
and observed with especially as the role of the researcher is also discussed in
this chapter.
Philosophical Assumptions
importance of beliefs and theories that inform their work and also actively write
their own world views that end up shaping the direction of their
Ontological (The nature of reality): Relates to the nature of reality and its
Epistemological (How researchers know what they know): Researchers try to get
known in the study and actively reports their values and biases as well as the
the data.
Qualitative Assumptions
inferences. At the same time, this approach provides rich descriptions that aid
research, therefore, does not ‘break down’ the experience that is being studied.
Instead, it provides descriptions that are rich and full and interpretations that
perspectives, but with the primary ones being objectivism and constructivism.
to find and uncover what is believed to be ‘there’ (to be real) about human action
science, there are multiple constructed realities that are determined according to
the opinion of the person experiencing the situation and the person theorizing.
16
16
focus groups.
M. Oltman as such it will be used in this research. The research will hold face-to-
face interviews to be the gold standard, or the assumed best mode in which to
conduct interviews. While some scholars have addressed the advantages and
can make an informed, reflective decision about the best interview mode to use
But for the purpose of this research, the researcher decided to have the
face to face interview method in order for them to maximize the collected data by
the participants. The researchers interviewed five indigenous members of the Ata
tribe face to face. This research is thus, anchored in the theory of Martin
Heidegger (1982) which is defined as the study of experience and how others
17
17
subjective or first-person point of view, along with its "intentionality". It then leads
motor skills and habits, background social practices and, often, language.
with an informed consent form signed by the participants to give privacy to the
interview. The participants were known to the researcher and surely, they were
are neutral in listening and recording the answers of the Participants and do
not intend to give any form of reactions when the interview is ongoing. Creswell
(2003) states that a researcher has an obligation to respect the rights, needs,
of these and other issues before, during, and after the research were conducted.
2. Honesty and trust (Are the researchers being truthful in presenting data?)
18
18
intrude too much into group behaviours? Are the provisions for protecting
loss of autonomy, and loss of self-esteem) (Are risks reasonable in relation to the
benefits?)
Participants
The participants of this study were consists of five individuals from the
Mandaya tribe of Davao City who were randomly selected by the researcher.
Ethical Considerations
other cultures, and it can reduce cultural barriers among other individuals.
19
19
Silverman (2000), argues that the relationship between the researcher and the
researcher and cultural participation which covers both active and passive
Participants' private lives with regard to time allotted and level of sensitivity of
and anonymity. Thus, Ethical issues should be considered at all stages of the
describes how ethical issues in the conduct of the research have been
addressed:
Informed consent
The researcher will inform the participant from the Ata tribe about the
purpose, nature, data collection methods, and extent of the research prior to
commencement. Further, the researcher explains to them her typical roles; this is
very critical as the approach was altogether different form the traditional face to -
face approaches. This means researcher has provided the research participants
with everything they need to know about the study to make an “informed”
decision about participating in the said study. The researcher Inform the
21
21
researchers will make sure that the participants are protected from more than
minimal physical risk/discomfort. Researcher will see to it that the participants will
The researcher will serve as an instrument in gathering the data. She will
seeks to record the experiences of the tribe members who have seen the
diminishing of their dialect. The researcher will try hard in making this study a
successful and a reliable one since she will need this study in her future
endeavor.
Data Collection
The data will be collected through a recording since this study will use a
one-on-one interview with the Participants. The data is recorded to the cellular
phone of the researcher and will be transcribed manually. The Participants will
Data Analysis
Researcher will attempt to derive the data through direct interaction with
qualitative case study is the search for meaning through direct interpretation of
the subjects. Bogdan and Biklen (2007), defined qualitative data analysis as
“working with the data, organizing them, breaking them into manageable units,
In the process, the researcher will conduct on the whole data first, then will
The process of data analysis will be based with the categorization and
identifies and tentatively names the conceptual categories into which the
respond orally. In these processes, useful in that may be closely linked to their
experiences can emerge. The individual responses are analyzed, compared and
Adhering strictly to all the ethical guidelines serves as standards about the
honesty and trustworthiness of the data collected and the accompanying data
analysis. Trust is a basic feature of all social situations that demand cooperation
and interdependence (Johnson George and Swap, 1982) The researchers will
the true experiences or insights to the said research study. The researcher
adhered that this research study guarantees objectivity, accuracy and honesty
and should assure that the collected data will be strictly confidential and
situations.
researchers will make it clear that the participants' names will not be used for any
other purposes, nor will information be shared that reveals their identity in any
25
25
especially their name will be secured and expected that it will not be made public
which includes information that has been provided for specific purposes. As
ethical principle described in the Belmont Report that states that individuals
26
26
participants that the research was only for academic purpose and their
the said research study. The participants involved legal capacity in giving
consent and situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the
intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, over reaching, or other ulterior
data will be collected and will be narratively presented, also with the persistent
observations of the gathered data, the researcher believes that it will achieve
Reliability. The five Participants who will happily share their experience will
provide the researchers with sufficient details and contextual information; this is
28
28
the aim of the researchers is not to generalize beyond the given data.
researchers will make it sure that the data used in this research will come from
the narrative responses of the responders and that all other potential bias or
CHAPTER 3
Qualitative approach was used in this study in collecting the data. This
kind of technique looks more likely to give more substance and reveal detailed
how people think, feel and act what they know. This section of the research was
This section reflects on the results of the interviews conducted with the
interviews.
Long and informal interviews were carried out with subjects regarding their
experiences on the demise of their dialect. The purpose was to find out what
were the factors that lead to the demise of Mandaya’s language based on their
experiences, and what is the advice they could give to avoid the death of their
30
30
dialect. Topics that were discussed during the interview include the following
questions.
All of them mentioned various environmental factors that caused the slow
demise of their dialect. But among the 5 respondents, 2 of them share the same
sentiment that the need to learn new language such as Tagalog and English
Participant A:
sang lain na lugar asta sang mga otaw.Yang mga mandaya doon na panahon
kay hinay hinay da yakabati na gamay dakman gayud yang tigtiyab na mandaya
bisan sang bukid labi na mga iso. Madaig da na mga iso Yang did a abay
makatiyab asata makasabot ng mandaya. Dili man lawngon tanan, pero medyo
lang, pero di ko isad silan mabasol kay pwede isad na yakasanayan lang nilan
affected the slow vanishing of the Mandaya dialect is the need to learn other
with those people who come from different places. Nowadays, the Mandaya
people are slowly experiencing the scarcity of dialect usage in particular to the
younger ones who cannot speak and comprehend the Mandaya language. This
is not to generalize but most of those who now live in the city no longer speak the
dialect when they come back to the province. It actually led me into thinking as to
why they no longer speak full language but I can’t blame them because it may
just be a result of the language influence that they got used to.
Participant C:
yaamdam na mga dialekto tas ngiyong bag-o lang nilam ya encounter na nga
posibilidad na dili kami magkasinabot kay awon mga lalom na tiniyaban na dili
kami kasabot tas lisod kami maka komunikasyon sang iban na kay dili nilan
33
33
masaktan kami kay paghikuhan kami ng iban na otaw kay tungod ng kanami
tiniyahan. English Translation: The occurrences that make the Mandaya dialect
seem to disappear is based on the clash between the language they are used to
in the first place and with what other language/dialect they are currently learning
that has a strong influence such as Bisaya and/or Tagalog. I, myself have
experienced a sudden loss of our dialect usage because I was able to adapt
Bisaya instead of working out our own Mandaya dialect. Knowing the situation, I
know that my fellow Mandaya speakers won’t be able to completely interact with
the words that seem vague to us but basic for the other native speakers, which
also makes me sometimes feel offended because they make fun of us.
One of the respondents also expressed his belief that his dialect will not
be easily forgotten.
Participant D:
kinaiyahan sa yaan. Bisan hain paku pasingod daw unan pay masugatan ko nga
utaw yan kunak inistoryahan tungod kay amoy kanak gikautawan o gikamathan.
34
34
ako makadungog sang kanami inistoryahan na mag kawara. Para kanak dili ko
ma istorya yang mga panghitabo tungod kay wara man ko kasayod daw unan
yang umaabot. Unan kuno yang kanamo gibati na yawa na hinay hinay
Mandaya tribe will not disappear because it is a freewill either one retains it or be
linguistically influenced. Wherever I go, whoever it is that I get to meet, I’d still
use my own dialect because it is what I have learned since then. Even when we
experience the difficulty of getting food to eat or do the farming, I have never
heard an issue that our dialect will vanish. To state, I cannot predict what will
happen because we all know we don’t have the hold for the future especially with
respondents was the influence of other dialects through marrying a person from a
different tribe.
35
35
Participant E:
Kay tungod aron nya gasagol kay laing mga lenggwahe.Yabag-ohan kanami kay
lahi ang siyudad yakaadto sa kanami mga tribu. Oo, Kaanam-anam kawara kay
tungod yadara sa mga iban mga lenggwahe. Oo, kay tungod sa lain nako ya
inkunter na mga inistoryahan. Syempre yalipay kay tungod aron da isad kanami
because most of the natives get married with those who live in the city and in any
other places which caused a mix of dialect usage that result to the loss of the
tribe’s individualism. We are culture-shocked because our tribe’s ways are far
different from the city. Yes, it is slowly vanishing because of their influence and
we are actually using other language which I have encountered from different
speakers. Of course, even with that change I still am glad because I get to learn
other language/dialect.
2. How does the idea of advancement contribute to the diminishing use of native
language?
36
36
technology affected the use of their dialect. Two of them said that the possibility of
losing their dialect is high since most of the members of their tribe tries to imitate
what they see or hear in television and in different social media platforms. They
also noticed that some of their tribe members tend to use other dialects since
Participant A:
man.Yang pagbagong ng pamaagi sang pagtudlo sang mga estudyante kay isa
sang yakaapekto kung nanga sa did a abay silan tigtiyab ngv mandaya. Malisod
siya sang pamagi na bisan mga puro mandaya kay did a mo isad maistorya
gamit yang minandaya. Kund dili bisaya, yang iban kay kasagaran tagalong da.
37
37
Yang iban usahay kay di malikayan na masipog silan labi na kung yang kaiban
nilan kay dili mga mandaya. Yang iban mangud gayud na dili mandaya kay
mababa yang tanaw nilan sang mga mandaya. Pagtoo man gud nilan yang mga
mandaya kay ignorante agaw usahay yang iban kay tigpanaway sang mga taga
possibility of the people to imitate the language that are being used in the
television and in social media platforms which triggers to its extent. The new
ways of teaching the students is one of the many reasons why they are not using
use and can’t actually understand Mandaya words especially the deep-vague
ones. Others who aren’t from the same tribe discriminates the Mandaya people
Participant C:
Yang epekto sang tanan pang advance sang teknolohiya duon kay dilida
usahay magamit kanami dialekto as mandaya kay mas igamit pa ing lain na
dialekto na ginagamit kamak kapwa Mandaya halos man gud sang davao city
yanghuyaon ing kamak kapwa mandaya tas naa adapt nilan ing linggwahe ng
38
38
bisaya. Yang rason nasa yang uban na mandaya wa gigamit ing mandaya
Translation: The effects of all of the advances of technology nowadays are the
infrequent use of the Mandaya dialect because they tend to use other dialects
that owes to the influence of technology. The Mandaya people who use the
dialect are now mostly living in Davao City who already adapted Bisaya as the
second language. Mandaya people doesn’t use the dialect is all for the reason of
the influence of other languages that mixed up with our own dialect that resulted
to subjugation.
E stressed out that they don’t see a problem with what the technology has been
offering. That, they should only focus on what good the technology has brought
to their community as a whole. After all, it’s up to the tribe members whether they
are going to continue using their dialect or just go with the trend.
30
Participant B:
gayod ang kanamo tribo kong kakasasuyod kamo yakatabang ini ng daig na kila
kami kong uno ya tribo kami dili sa pag pang hambog pero yaka tabang gayud
na makila ra madaig kami ug dakog garbo sa kanamo ya tribo. Kun yaka usab
kini sa kanamo society od yaka pamotay pero kun un o gayud yang pagka
kanako panlantaw ok way problima kanako. Yaga pamati da lang sa iban kun
malisdan patudlo gayud ang solusyon ilabi na sa iban ng mga words di ako
Kadaigan utaw kasipugan unan nqa nga. Siguro masipog silan ilabi na gayud sa
eskwelahan pero katigam yan silan kung did a sila mag storya tungod di katigam
ang iban tribo pero yan sayunay da gayud yang kanami basta katigam da kaw.
community and feel utmost love because helping and being in service is part of
our values. This is not to brag but the people have given me more assistance that
I and other members needed which adds up to our pride as a tribe. If technology
advancement, then I don’t have problems with it. The only difference there is that
the way of teaching is way harder than it usually is especially when the used
words are unknown to us and that there is no perfect person in the tribe that we’d
make as a model. Instead of looking at things in a negative way, why not opt for
something good those technologies has to offer and use it as an inspiration and
example to our brothers and sisters. Most of the people feel repressed by our
dialect. Maybe they feel that way mostly in school because students speak up
different dialects but it gets easier to use it you get to learn the language itself.
Participant D:
Para kanak waray sa kanami tribu waray apekto kun dili kadayawan sa
kanami tribu na inistoryahan.Para kanak wara ako makalisodlisod nay aka kapot
yang kautruhan tungod sang kanami tribu tungod kay kami isab ya ga-eskwela
tapos yakakadto sa lain –laing mga lugar. Para kanak wara gihapon mawara ang
waray pan makapekto bisan hain paku pasingod tungod kay amoday kanami
gikaandan doon.
32
betterment. For me, I notice no changes in our tribe’s dialect. I have never
33
experienced a hard time mentally grasping various dialects. Nowadays, there are
a lot of changes in our tribe and because we are being sent to school to study
that also led us to other places. Despite of the changes, our form of
communication is still the same up until this very moment even if we have already
been to many places and learned other language and dialect. It is instilled in us
Participant E:
yakahalubilo kanami yani sa mga utaw. Siguro yaka enkunter kanami ng mga
bag-ong utaw nga lahi ang mga lenggwahe. Para kanak ok gihapon kanak rang
yatigaman pero lisod gihapon mawara ang kanami inistoryahan. Sa doon diri sa
siyudad mag binisaya da gayud kami para masabtan na isad ng kanami mga
inistoryahan. Kay tungod yaapektuhan dayadi sila kay sa kadugay dayaguya yadi
English Translation: In the province, never will our dialect be vanished. However
when I am in the city, our dialect suddenly changes all because we have
socialized with other people. We have encountered people with different language
34
and it is fine for me because I learned their dialect and ours will just be the same,
it won’t be forgotten. At the moment, we are using bisaya so that we’d be able to
communicate with people using the dialect. The reason why others
lost the use of the dialect is maybe because they have moved to the city and that
When they were asked, the 5 respondents gave almost the same
answers. Stressing out that they are not affected with the modern education they
are experiencing. For them learning 2 nd or 3rd languages are not bad at all. If it
helps them improve their communication skills then they’re okay with it. They
also don’t feel ashamed with their dialect; they are proud of it and said that
nobody can make it disappear as long as their tribe members will continue to use
it. They also encourage their co-Mandaya to always speak their dialect.
35
Participant D:
Para kanak waray ampan makaapekto bisan hain paku pasingod tungod
kay amoday kanami gikaandan. Bahin kanami war a kay makaapekto bisan
sang kanami inistoryahan. Bahin kanami wara kay makaapekto bisan sinu pa
Bisan ako experience di sa yaan maka apekto kanak kay words pero yang
pami pasingod. Di sa kaan kami maka feel ug ashamed tungod sa yaan kung
magkatuna masipog ako kay ako di gayod katigom sa iban words amo
masipugan gayod pero kayahon para sa among future. Para dili mawara yang
In my view, nothing can affect our dialect wherever I go because that’s what we
have instilled in ourselves. There is no one who can change us regardless who
or an adviser. Even if I get to experience it, the words still won’t influence me with
Participant E:
arangya sabtan. Sa tinuod lang diri gihapon mawara ang kanami inistoryahan
kay tungod aron lang kami sa kanami eskwelahan pero pariha lang inistoryahan
o aron lang malahi ang dili inistoryahan. Dili gayud yaapektuhan ang kanami
inistoryahan. Dili gayud mawara ang kanami inistoryahan kung permi kaw mag
affect our dialect because we indeed understand a lot. To speak frankly, our
dialect will not vanish because we are attending in a school that most speakers
are Mandaya. I prefer the vernacular rather than any other language or dialect
because we learn more. I don’t also feel too self-conscious about our way of
speaking whatever others say. Our dialect will never be forgotten or disappear as
Participant C:
Para kamak dili siya makaapekto ang modern education sang kamami
linggwahe kay depende kamami dili siya ingon na maapektuhan tungod sang
37
uban klase na feel naku dili sila komportably kamak kay tungod mandaya kamak
linggwahe tas imaliit nilam kammo kakayahan kay tungid mandaya kamo
linggwahe maong usahay mauwaw ako mag apil sang klase usahay kay
kamami linggwahe kay mas dili ko ikauwaw na mag storys ng kamami linggwahe
English Translation: From my standpoint, modern education does not affect our
use. It matters only on the influence of the language. As for my experience, what
dominates is the second language that I was able to learn and use. Although I
was capable to practice and adjust, I can feel that my other classmates are n’t
abashed to when I use our dialect whenever they are around but instead of
feeling indifferent, I’d rather encourage others to learn our dialect than be
Participant A:
39
Yaapektuhan isad ng mga pamaagi sang pagtudlo doon kay yang mga
sang pamaagi na imbis matunan lang dapat nilan, yang iban kay amo da gayud
yang ginatiyab or gamit pagstorya kaysa sang tinood nilan na sinultihan. Sang
kanak yaagihan di man ako masipog magtiyab kay dawat man nikan yang
nilan tapos di ko gayud ikasipog yang kanami diyalekto. Madayaw man gihapon
sarili
mandaya na sinultihan. English Translation: The young ones are affected by the
way of teaching in today’s society because Tagalog (Filipino) and/or English has
been taught in school instead of the vernacular, Mandaya. A lot of schools are
applying the method which is the reason why they easily get used to the dialect
and language. I actually get and understand their side, because out of all people
that I was able to get along every single day, with different dialects, I was also
able to grasp and use their words. It is affective in a way that instead of learning
40
the words, they are actually using the dialect without regarding their own dialect.
dialect because they accept and know who I am and where I come from. It is still
good to learn and speak second or third language, however, we should know it in
ourselves that never should we ever forget to use our Mandaya dialect.
Participant B:
bisaya. Amo gani ngadi kami yag eskwelahan tungod nami makatuon kun
awon day kanami words pero yang pagduwa na dialect mas madayaw
makatigam. Kun iyay tetser magkutana masipog ako kay di gayod ako katuigam
sa iban words amo masipogay gayod pero kayahon para sa pagtuon. Siguro dili
lang natu walaon ang among dialect tungod nakasanayan namu, pero kung
hunahunaon ang among dialekto dili lisod sabton kay kaparihas lang ni sa bisaya
ang makontribute lang naku iingganyo ang uban na dili maulaw ug masadya kita
kung unsa atong tribo na kinagisnan. English Translation: You can learn a
taught using different language and/dialects from other teachers. It doesn’t really
affect me if I already know the words but it does when we get to play the dialect
which is a good way of learning it. If the teacher will ask me, I would feel shy
answering because I do not know other words but I always do my best to study
and learn the dialect. Maybe, we don’t have to remove or forget our dialect
because we already got used to it, but to be honest if you think of our dialect, it is
not difficult to apprehend because it has almost the same words with bisaya. All I
can contribute is to encourage others not to be ashamed and be glad of what and
CHAPTER 4
The study has provided insights on few significant tips as well as insights
on how to prevent the demise of a dialect. The results showed that problems of
the respondents were brought about by the environmental factors particularly the
members of the Mandaya Tribe start to shift their dialect preference. The modern
education however is not a problem to them. The results showed that the
members of Mandaya tribe are confident to not lose their dialect as long as they
continue to use and practice it. It also implies that they are open to learn new
languages in order for them to survive and communicate well in the community
in the generalizability of the data that was gathered is beyond any doubt. The
suggests that the issues and challenges which they have faced are more
common than previously thought of and the solutions and coping mechanisms
environmental factors like marrying other person from a different tribe, clash of
dialects and the need to learn new languages such as English and Tagalog. After
the research, it was made clear to us that as long as the members of Mandaya
tribe continue to use and practice their dialect the risk of its demise is low. Their
confidence of not losing it is also a key factor. Mandaya dialect being instilled on
Recommendation
Colleges Inc. should allow clubs or organizations of different tribes in the school.
That clubs can host an acquaintance party so that they can socialize and mingle
with their tribe members. Club activities are also important. The institution
should also have a particular lounge or space so that clubs of different tribes
can socialize. They can spend their free time studying or socializing with their
tribe mates. Instructors should also encourage their students to speak up freely
using their dialect and never discourage or criticize them. In addition, the
continue to use their dialect wherever they go. Always think of their dialect as
their treasure. If they marry a person from a different tribe, it’s still okay to use
Moreover, future researchers may use the data and information from this
study as their baseline data for their future research works. Suggested future