Definition of Terms:

Accruing- a term of art referring to the number of patients in a study or clinical trial.
Adhesions- An adhesion is a band of scar tissue that binds 2 parts of your tissue that are not
normally joined together. Adhesions may appear as thin sheets of tissue similar to plastic wrap
or as thick fibrous bands.
Adjuvant chemotherapy- is an approach to fighting cancer that combines different forms of
healing.
Adolescent- A young person who has begun puberty but has not yet become an adult.
During adolescence a child experiences physical and hormonal changes that mark the transition
into adulthood.
Amenorrhea- is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods.
Cancer cell lines - cancer cells that keep dividing and growing over time, under certain
conditions in a laboratory. cancer cell lines are used in research to study the biology of cancer
and to test cancer treatments.
Carboplatin- is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of forms of cancer. this
includes ovarian cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, brain cancer, and neuroblastoma. it
is used by injection into a vein.
Carcinosarcoma- are rare tumors, and can arise in diverse organs, such as the skin, salivary
glands, lungs, the esophagus, pancreas, colon, uterus and ovaries.
cervical dilation- is the opening of the cervix, the entrance to the uterus, during childbirth,
miscarriage, induced abortion, or gynecological surgery.
cervical stenosis- refers to when the spinal cord in the neck is compressed as a result of
degenerative changes that occur with aging.
Chemotherapy-- is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in
your body. chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and
multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.

Chemotherapy regimen- is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their
dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations.
Cisplatin- an anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called platinum
compounds. cisplatin is used in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies, including
advanced cancer of the ovary, testis, and bladder.
Clinical trials- are research investigations in which people volunteer to test new treatments,
interventions or tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage various diseases
or medical conditions.
Cohort- is a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within
a defined period
Conception- the process of becoming pregnant involving fertilization or implantation or both. b
: embryo, fetus.
Congenital- is a medical condition that is present at or before birth. These conditions, also
referred to as birth defects, can be acquired during the fetal stage of development or from the
genetic make up of the parents.
congenital anomalies- are also known as birth defects, congenital disorders or congenital
malformations. Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional anomalies (e.g.
metabolic disorders) that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth
or later in life.
congenital defects- is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause. ... Birth defects may
result from genetic or chromosomal disorders, exposure to certain medications or chemicals, or
certain infections during pregnancy.
Curettage- Removal of tissue with a curette from the wall of a cavity or another surface.
... Curettage may also be done in the uterus; dilation and curettage (D&C) refers to the dilation
(widening) of the cervical canal to permit curettage of the endometrium, the inner lining of the
uterus.
Cyclic- Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a cycle; occurring periodically, denoting the course of
the symptoms in certain diseases or disorders.
Cyclical pain- is a common gynecologic problem caused by relatively few diseases, which
usually can be diagnosed and remedied quickly. Some complaints reflect normal physiologic
aspects of the menstrual cycle
Diagnosis- is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's
symptoms and signs.
Diagnostics- is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's
symptoms and signs.

Dilation- The process of enlargement, stretching, or expansion. The word "dilatation" means
the same thing. Both come from the Latin "dilatare" meaning "to enlarge or expand."
Dysmenorrhea- is the medical term for pain with menstruation. There are two types
of dysmenorrhea: "primary" and "secondary". Primary dysmenorrhea is common menstrual
cramps that are recurrent (come back) and are not due to other diseases.
Emesis- is a medical term that means vomiting. The term "vomiting" describes the forceful
expulsion of the contents of the stomach via the mouth or sometimes the nose, also known of
as emesis.
endometrial resection- is a procedure involving the removal of a woman's endometrium (the
lining of the uterus) with an electrosurgical wire loop to prevent excessive bleeding during
menstruation.
Erratic-- characterized by lack of consistency, regularity, or uniformity an erratic pulse,
deviating from what is ordinary or standard.
Experimental therapies- is a therapeutic approach that encourages patients to identify and
address hidden or subconscious issues through activities such as role playing, guided imagery,
the use of props, and a range of other active experiences.
Female genital tract- consists of the external genitalia and the internal genitalia with vagina,
uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Fibrosarcoma- a malignant tumor consisting of fibroblasts (connective tissue cells that produce
the collagen found in scar tissue) fibrosarcoma may occur as a mass in the soft tissues or may
be found in bone.
Genetics-- The scientific study of heredity. Genetics pertains to humans and all other
organisms.
genitourinary outflow tract- the system of organs comprising those concerned with the
production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. — called
also genitourinary system, urogenital system, urogenital tract.
gestational age- is the common term used during pregnancy to describe how far along the
pregnancy is. It is measured in weeks, from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle to
the current date. A normal pregnancy can range from 38 to 42 weeks. Infants born before 37
weeks are considered premature.
gynecologic procedures- refers to procedures that are performed to treat a variety of
conditions affecting the female reproductive organs. The main structures of the reproductive
system are the vagina, the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes.
Health Information technologies-is information technology applied to health and health care. It
supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure
exchange of health information between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors.
Hematocolpos- is 'an accumulation of blood within the vagina'. It is often caused by the
combination of menstruation with an imperforate hymen. It is sometimes seen in Robinow
syndrome, uterus didelphys, or other vaginal anomalies.

Hematometra- is a medical condition involving collection or retention of blood in the uterus. It

is most commonly caused by an imperforate hymen or a transverse vaginal septum.
Heterologous elements- consisting of differing elements; not corresponding, as parts of
different organisms or of the same organism that are unlike in structure or origin.

Histological subtype- cancers are classified in two ways: by the type of tissue in which the
cancer originates (histological type) and by primary site, or the location in the body where the
cancer first developed.

Histopathological diagnosis- is the diagnosis and study of diseases of the tissues, and involves
examining tissues and/or cells under a microscope. histopathologists are responsible for making
tissue diagnoses and helping clinicians manage a patient's care.
Ifosfamide- is a chemotherapy drug used to treat different cancers including testicular cancer
and some types of soft tissue and bone sarcoma. it may also be used to treat other cancers.
index of suspicion- refers to what our initial impression of the likelihood of a disease or
condition is. A "high index of suspicion" means the doctor considers the diagnosis a strong
possibility, a low index of suspicion means the converse.
intermittently contractile uterus- Uterine contractions are then initiated by the propagation of
action potentials within these defined vectors of muscle bundles.

ionized radiation- is any type of particle or electromagnetic wave that carries enough energy
to ionize or remove electrons from an atom. There are two types of electromagnetic waves
that can ionize atoms: X-rays and gamma-rays, and sometimes they have the same energy.
longitudinal vaginal septa- is sometimes called a double vagina because it creates
two vaginal cavities separated by a vertical wall of tissue. One vaginal opening may be smaller
than the other. During development, the vagina begins as two canals.
Macroscopically- large enough to be seen with the naked eye, as opposed to microscopic. for
example, a macroscopic tumor is big enough to be seen without the aid of a microscope.
Malignant- used to describe a tumor or growth as either cancerous or not respectively. the gn
part of both words comes from the latin word for born, differing in the prefix mal "evil" and
bene "kind." a malignant tumor grows uncontrollably and spreads to other parts of the body.
Medications-- (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used
to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

Mesenchymal- loosely organized undifferentiated mesodermal cells that give rise to such
structures as connective tissues, blood, lymphatics, bone, and cartilage

Metastasis- the spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of
the body. in metastasis, cancer cells break away from the original (primary) tumor, travel
through the blood or lymph system, and form a new tumor in other organs or tissues of the
body.
MRI- Magnetic resonance imaging: A procedure that uses magnetism, radio waves, and a
computer to create pictures of areas inside the body.

Multivariate analysis- uses statistical techniques which allow us to focus and analyze more
than 2 statistical variables at once. it is a collection of methods used when several
measurements are made on an object in different samples.

Müllerian tumor- a rare cancer of the uterus, ovary, or fallopian tubes.

Nausea- Stomach queasiness, the urge to vomit. Nausea can be brought on by many causes,
including systemic illnesses (such as influenza), medications, pain, and inner ear disease.

operative hysteroscopy- is a minimally invasive gynecological procedure in which an

endoscopic optical lens is inserted through the cervix into the endometrial cavity to direct
treatment of various types of intrauterine pathology. Historically, urologists used the
resectoscope to perform a transurethral prostatectomy.
Novel treatment agents-usually means a doctor tried a new or unusual approach to treating a
patient or condition. the implication being that it worked--maybe even to the surprise of others
or the doctors. an example of this might be sometimes using medicines
Ovarian carcinosarcoma- also known as a malignant mixed mullerian tumor (mmmt) of
the ovary, is a rare, aggressive cancer of the ovary with characteristics of two types of cancer:
carcinoma and sarcoma .

Paclitaxel- is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

Pathologic diagnosis-
a diagnosis, sometimes postmortem, made from an anatomic or histologic study of the lesions present.
Pathologist- a scientist who studies the causes and effects of diseases, especially one who
examines laboratory samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes.

Peritoneal cavity- is a potential space between the parietal peritoneum (the peritoneum that
surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (the peritoneum that surrounds the
internal organs).
personalized medicine- precision medicine, or theranostics is a medical model that separates
people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products
being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease.

Platinum- is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

Postoperative- happening or done after a surgical operation, relating to the period of time that
immediately follows a medical operation, care given after surgery until the patient is discharged
from the hospital or surgicenter.
Premenopausal- The time in a woman's life when physiological changes occur that begin the
transition to menopause. ... A woman can usually tell if she is experiencing symptoms
characteristic of the perimenopause because her menstrual periods start changing.
Primary surgical debulking- is the reduction of as much of the bulk (volume) of a tumour as
possible. it is usually achieved by surgical removal.

Prognosis- is a medical term for predicting the likely or expected development of a disease,
including whether the signs and symptoms will improve or worsen (and how quickly) or remain
stable over time; expectations of quality of life.

Prognostic factors- are those measurements available at the time of diagnosis that are
associated with disease-free or overall survival and can often be used to predict the natural
history of the tumor.

Protocol- a detailed plan of a scientific or medical experiment, treatment, or procedure. in

clinical trials, it states what the study will do, how it will be done, and why it is being done.

public health interventions- is any effort or policy that attempts to improve mental and
physical health on a population level.
Relapse- in medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical)
condition.
Residual disease- malignant cells or neoplasia that remains after any form–
chemotherapy, surgery, of 1º treatment
Retrospective study- in medicine, a study that looks backward in time, usually using medical
records and interviews with patients who already known to have a disease.
Sarcoma- are cancers that develop in mesenchymal cells, which make up both your bones and
soft tissues, such as muscles, tendons, and blood vessels.
Sarcomatoid element- sometimes referred to as pleomorphic carcinoma, is a relatively
uncommon form of cancer whose malignant cells have histological, cytological, or molecular
properties of both epithelial tumors ("carcinoma") and mesenchymal tumors ("sarcoma").

Sarcomatous- any of various malignant tumors composed of neoplastic cells resembling

embryonic connective tissue.

Scant- barely sufficient in amount or quantity; not abundant; almost inadequate: to do

scant justice. limited; meager; not large: a scant amount.
spectrum of data applications- mainly includes data mining, machine learning, data science
and systems, artificial intelligence, distributed computing and systems, and cloud computing,
taking into account degree of importance.
Strides- means "significant progress, it is a long step or working in such a way to make good
progress.

Stromal tumors- are rare in the anal and perianal area. however, as would be anticipated, most
of these tumors are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists). these neoplasms have morphologic
and clinical features comparable to gists elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract.
Subsequent treatment- is defined as therapy that is administered after the first course
of therapy is completed, stopped, or changed.
Surgery- the branch of medicine that employs operations in the treatment of disease or
injury. surgery can involve cutting, abrading, suturing, or otherwise physically changing body
tissues and organs.
Therapeutic- the branch of medicine that is concerned specifically with the treatment of
disease. the therapeutic dose of a drug is the amount needed to treat a disease.
Tumor- a swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an
abnormal growth of tissue, whether benign or malignant.
Ultrasonography- a diagnostic imaging technique utilizing reflected high-frequency sound
waves to delineate, measure, or examine internal body structures or organs.
urinary frequency- is the need to urinate many times during the day, at night (nocturia), or
both but in normal or less-than-normal volumes. Frequency may be accompanied by a
sensation of an urgent need to void (urinary urgency).
urinary retention- is defined as the inability to completely or partially empty the bladder.
Suffering from urinary retention means you may be unable to start urination, or if you are able
to start, you can't fully empty your bladder.
uterine distention- The labour in uncomplicated spontaneous delivery is likely triggered
by uterine distention, which intensifies with the progression of pregnancy and reaches its peak
when fetal size approaches the uterine size.
vaginal malformations- are abnormal structures that are formed (or not formed) during the
prenatal development of the female reproductive system and are rare congenital defects that
result in an abnormal or absent vagina.
vascular occlusion- is a blockage of a blood vessel, usually with a clot. It differs from
thrombosis in that it can be used to describe any form of blockage, not just one formed by a
clot. When it occurs in a major vein, it can, in some cases, cause deep vein thrombosis, cause
deep vein thrombosis.