CE-412

Design of Concrete Structures

Fall 2019

Examples of DDM
Flat Plate with and without Edge Beam
Lieutenant Colonel Dr. Adeel Zafar
Head of Department-Structures
Civil Engineering Wing
Military College of Engineering, Risalpur
Email: adeel.zafar@mce.nust.edu.pk
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate without Edge Beam

Example-4

6”
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate without Edge Beam

Given Data
• Partition and Finishes = 20 psf
• Misc / Mech / Sprinklers = 5 psf
• Residential Floor = 40 psf (Reducible)
• Column Size = 12”x24”
• Grade 60 Steel
• f’c = 4000psi
• Floor to floor height = 9 ft
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate without Edge Beam

Step-1. Check Feasibility of Using DDM

Step-2. Calculate Factored Loads
Step-3. Pick direction of Design Panel (N-S) and find thickness
Step-4. Total Statical Moment (Mo)
Step-5. Distribution into Negative and Positive Moments
Step-6. Distribution of Moments into CS and MS
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Limitations of DDM
1. There must be a minimum of three continuous spans in each
direction. Thus, a nine-panel structure (3 by 3) is the smallest
that can be considered. If there are fewer than three panels,
the interior negative moments from the direct-design method
tend to be too small.
2. Rectangular panels must have a long-span/short-span ratio
that is not greater than 2. One-way action predominates as the
span ratio reaches and exceeds 2.
3. Successive span lengths in each direction shall not differ by
more than one third of the longer span. This limit is imposed so
that certain standard reinforcement cutoff details can be used.
4. Columns may be offset from the basic rectangular grid of the
building by up to 0.1 times the span parallel to the offset. In a
building laid out in this way, the actual column locations are
used in determining the spans of the slab to be used in
calculating the design moments.
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Limitations of DDM
5. All loads must be due to gravity only and uniformly distributed
over an entire panel. The direct-design method cannot be
used for unbraced, laterally loaded frames, foundation mats, or
prestressed slabs.
6. The service (unfactored) live load shall not exceed two times
the service dead load. Strip or checkerboard loadings with
large ratios of live load to dead load may lead to moments
larger than those assumed in this method of analysis.
7. For a panel with beams between supports on all sides, the
relative stiffness of the beams in the two perpendicular
directions given by (αf1L22) /(αf2L12) shall not be less than 0.2
or greater than 5. The term αf was defined in the prior
section, and L1 and L2 are the spans in the two directions.

Limitations 2 and 7 do not allow use of the direct-design method

for slab panels that essentially transmit load as one-way slabs.
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Thickness of Flat Plate

 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Statical Moment (Mo)

Distribution of Mo into Positive and Negative M
• Interior Span (8.10.4.1). Mo is distributed between
critical +ve and –ve bending section according to fol
ratio.
-ve factored moment = 0.65 Mo
+ve factored moment = 0.35 Mo
• Critical section for –ve moment is taken at the face of
rectangular support or face of an equivalent square
support having the same area as a round sp.
• If different negative moments on two sides of support,
then design slab for larger one.
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Statical Moment (Mo)

Distribution of Mo into Positive and Negative M
• Exterior Span (8.10.4.2).
By definition, the ends are free to rotate
(Unrestrained), so –M is tending to Zero.
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Statical Moment (Mo)

Distribution of M b/w Column and Middle Strips
• Column strip will resist portion of interior –ve
moment as per ACI Code 8.10.5.1
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Statical Moment (Mo)

Distribution of M b/w Column and Middle Strips
• Column strip will resist portion of interior & exterior
+ve factored moment as per ACI Code 8.10.5.5
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Statical Moment (Mo)

Distribution of M b/w Column and Middle Strips
• Column strip will resist portion of exterior –ve
moment as per ACI Code 8.10.5.2
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Reinforcement Detailing
One Way Slab
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Reinforcement Detailing
Two Way Slab
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Reinforcement Detailing
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-5 Interior Panel

Slab Thickness = 5.5”

Live Load = 50 psf
SDL (partitions) = 25 psf
Find CS and MS moments in short direction
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-5 Interior Panel
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-5 Interior Panel
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel
Slab Thickness = 8”
Live Load = 60 psf
SDL (partitions) = 25 psf
Edge beam 12”x16”
Find CS and MS moments in long direction
5.25’
10’
4.75’

4.75’
9’
4.25’
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel

5.25’
10’
4.75’
ln = Col to Col

4.75’
9’
4.25’
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel

5.25’
10’
4.75’

4.75’
9’
4.25’
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel

5.25’
10’
4.75’

4.75’
9’
4.25’
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel

5.25’
10’
4.75’

4.75’
9’
4.25’
 Dr. Adeel Zafar, HoD Structures,
National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Flat Plate with Edge Beam

Example-6 Exterior Panel

5.25’
10’
4.75’

4.75’
9’
4.25’