I.

PLUMBING
1. Nozzles of sprinkler head are set about 2.40 to 3.60 meters apart on the supply pipes, and spaced
about 3.00 to 4.00 meters apart at right angle exposed beams or panels.
2. When a gravity tank is used with sprinkler system, it must have enough water for this purpose and
enough water to operate at least 25% of the sprinklers for 30 minutes.
3. The daily average volume of human waster or excreta per capita is about 80 grams of feces and
950 grams of urine.
4. It is a device or receptacle used to expedite the decomposition of the elements contained in a raw
sewage waste. Septic Tank
5. Manhole diameter varies from 90 to 120 centimeters provided with iron rungs to serve as ladder
for the maintenance crew to reach the bottom.
6. Minimum inside dimension of a septic tank is 90 cm wide by 150 cm long with 120 cm depth
7. Volume of septic tank for residential buildings serving large number of people. 0.14 to 0.17 cu. m
8. Volume of septic tank for small residential house serving up to 12 persons, the chamber should
have a liquid content of not more than 2.0 cu. m
9. Volume of septic tank for school, commercial and industrial establishments should not be less than
0.057 cu. m nor more than .086 cu. m per person.
10. The ideal position of horizontal waste pipe, were those installed at 2% slope.
11. Fixture unit value of bathtub, kitchen sink, laundry tub, shower bath and sink (hotel or public). 2
12. The minimum size of waste pipe for sink is 38mm or 1 ½ in, but because of the materials
suspended in it, the practice is to use 50mm or 2in pipe.
13. Any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or without the discharge
coming from other fixtures to the house drain or house sewer. Soil Pipe
14. House drain is that portion of the plumbing system that receives discharges of all soil and waste
stack within the building, and conveys the same to the house sewer
15. Water Sealed P-Trap is classified into two. Common seal and deep seal
16. P-Trap is the most common and practical shape available in various sizes from 32mm to 55mm
diameter.
17. The drainage system is a combination of waste pipe, vent pipe and water supply.
18. It is that portion of the vent pipe system that serves as a single trap. Sometimes also referred to as
back vent. Individual Vent
19. Wells that are supplying water for public use should be located at a minimum distance of 100
meters radius from residential areas
20. No outdoor privy, cesspools, septic tank or drain fields, shall be located within 45 meters radius
from the well
21. This type of water distribution is used on tall building that could not be served adequately by the
street main. Direct up-feed Pumping System
22. Normal pressure for a residential house ranges from 30 to 40 psi
23. Gate valve is used to completely close, or completely open the line but not necessarily to control
the flow of water
24. Check valve main function is to prevent the reversal flow of gas or liquid in the line
25. An efficient type of hot water distribution generally used in buildings of extreme heights.
Overhead Feed and Gravity Return System
26. Types of water closet. Pail flush, squat, wash down, reverse, siphon, siphon jet, siphon vortex and
direct flush valve type
27. Minimum requirements for water closet (office or public building).

1 for 1 to 20 persons
2 for 21 to 40 persons
3 for 41 to 60 persons
4 for 61 to 80 persons
5 for 81 to 100 persons
II. ELECTRICAL
III. MECHANICAL
IV. ACOUSTICS
V. LIGHTING
1. Luminous transmittance is a measure of a fixture’s or diffuser’s capability to transmit incident
light
2. Transmittance, transmission factor, or coefficient of transmission is the ratio of the total light
emitted to the total incident light
3. Ratio of reflected to incident light. Reflectance, reflectance factor and reflectance coefficient.
4. Candlepower (candela) is the unit of luminous intensity
5. A foot lambert, the conventional unit of luminance or brightness, is defined as the luminance of a
surface reflecting, transmitting, or emitting I lumen of illumination per square foot of area, in the
direction being viewed.
6. Formula of luminance (illumination x reflectance) and footlamberts (footcandles x reflectance
factor)
7. Illuminance is the quantity of light or luminous flux falling on a unit area of a surface.
8. Illuminance = SC + ERC + IRC, sky component plus externally reflected component plus
internally reflected component
9. In a semi-direct lighting system, 60 to 90 percent of the light from the luminaire shines toward the
working surface.
10. In a semi-indirect lighting system, 60 to 90 percent of the light from the luminaire reflects toward
the ceiling.
11. In an indirect lighting system, 90 to 100 percent of the light from the luminaire shines upward and
reflects off the ceiling.
12. The task light provides a low-cost, effective method of lighting the area for a given task, but it can
create discomforting shadows and reflections.
13. Formula of Room Index

14. Formula for finding the number of luminaires required for given area

15. A Lambertian surface is a perfect diffuser, where light is reflected in all directions,
irrespective of the angle of incidence of the light such that irrespective of the viewing angle the
surface has the same luminance.
16. A luminaire consisting of a lamp set in a metal cylinder, recessed into or mounted on a ceiling to
direct a beam of light downward. Downlight
17. The halogen lamp has a tungsten filament similar to the standard incandescent lamp, however the
lamp is much smaller for the same wattage, and contains a halogen gas in the bulb.
18. A tungsten lamp having a quartz bulb containing a small amount of a halogen that vaporizes on
heating and redeposit any evaporated tungsten particles back on to the filament. Tungsten halogen

𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒

𝑈. 𝐹 =
𝐿𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝
19.
𝐿𝑎𝑚𝑝 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑀. 𝐹. =
𝐿𝑎𝑚𝑝 𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑤
20. Types of floor lamps. Gooseneck Lamps, Bridge lamp and torchiere
21. A downlight mounted close to the plane of a wall and equipped with a reflector, baffle, or lens to
illuminate to the vertical surface. Wall washer
22. A lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling or wall by a flexible cord, by which it can be release or
lowered. Droplight
23. Useless light rays, a spotlight or other focused light source. Also called, spill light.
24. These lamps have inherently high efficy and with appropriate color correction, can be utilized in
any application, indoor or outdoor, that does no thave critical color criteris. High-Intensity
Discharge Lamps
25. Three methods of illumination. General, local and supplemenetary, combined general and local