Presmediat 2

pres mediatori
mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika

gamocemulia
samarTlebrivi ganaTlebis asociacia
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sarCevi
informaciis Tavisufleba
- samwuxaro Tu sabedniero valdebuleba? 7
presmoxelis samagido konstitucia 9
pressamsaxuri 18
presmoxele 23
presmediacia sasamarTlo sistemaSi 27
presmediacia 32
presmoxele da uwyebis xelmZRvaneli 36
presmoxele da media 40
preskonferencia, brifingi, interviu 42
mediaanonsi, mediarelizi,
sainformacio paketi 53
sainformacio saSualebebis
koordinatebi 59
“Cems magidaze mravali sasargeblo saxelmZRvanelo imtvereba,
romelTa wakiTxvas me yovelTvis vapirebdi da romelTac
mouclelobis gamo, albaT, verasdros wavikiTxav,” _ wers pol kempi,
cnobili Jurnalisti da mediis eqsperti. pirovneba, romelic Tavad
aris araerTi meTodologiuri wignis avtori Jurnalistikisa da media
urTierTobebis sferoSi. misi ironia albaT delikaturad migvaniSnebs
imaze, rom iseT yovlismomcvel urTierTobaSi, rogoricaa
komunikacia da media urTierTobebi, mza receptebi praqtikulad ar
arsebobs da saubari mxolod asistirebasa da konsultaciur
xelSewyobaze Tu SeiZleba.
Tu adamians Tundac erTi dRe umuSavia am sferoSi, dainaxavda rom am

urTierTobebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebia: sakuTari saqmisadmi
uryevi rwmena, mediis mniSvnelobis saTanado gaazreba da
TanamSromlobis unari. dagveTanxmebiT, rom Teoriuli postulatebiT
yovelive amis swavleba, SeuZlebelia.
samarTleblirivi ganaTlebis asociacia ALPE-s da germaniis

teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba GTZ-is eqspertebis mier
momzadebuli winamdebare publikacia, romelic cnobili media
eqspertis derek maloknis da bremeneli mosamarTlis elen bestis
mier saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli leqcia-seminarebis
konceftualur mignebebs efuZneba, miznad im saxelmwifo moxeleTa
asistirebas isaxavs, romelTac mediasTan urTierToba samsaxurebrivad
evalebaT. vfiqrobT, es publikacia sasargeblo iqneba maTTvisac,
visac mediasTan urTierToba periodulad uwevs da es urTierToba
fragmentul xasiaTs atarebs.
informaciis Tavisufleba -
samwuxaro Tu sabedniero
valdebuleba
valdebuleba?
informaciis xelmisawvdomoba, gamWvirvaloba da obieqturoba demokratiuli saxelmwi-

fos fundamenturi sayrdeni da gansmsazRvreli kategoriaa. gadaWarbebuli ar iqneba Tu
vityviT, rom swored sazogadoebis informirebulobis xarisxi adgens im zRvars, romelic
tiranias civilizebuli samyarosagan hyofs.
sazogadoeba, romelic informaciis Tavisuflebas cxovrebis aucilebel pirobad miiC-

nevs, xolo xelisufleba am pirobas Tavisi saqmianobis savaldebulo nawilad ganixilavs,
daculia iseTi politikuri Tu socialuri kataklizmebisagan rogorebicaa: Zalauflebis
uzurpacia, diqtatura, socialuri qaosi.
informaciis Tavisufleba adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis safuZveli da Sesa-

bamisad, yoveli pirovnebis, moqalaqis Rirseuli cxovrebis aucilebali pirobaa.
abraam linkolnis sityvebi _ “mieciT xalxs SesaZlebloba, icodes faqtebi da qveyana

usafrTxo iqneba” _ Cveni sazogadoebisaTvis aqtualobas dResdReobiTac inarCunebs.
mravali saerTaSoriso konvenciiTa da deklaraciiT ganmtkicebuli Tavisuflebis am nor-

mis nebismieri saxiT xelyofas, demokratiul saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba ganixilavs
ara rogorc calkeuli saxelmwifos, aramed mTlianad civilizebuli samyaros winaaRmdeg
mimarTul qmedebas.
udidesi Secdomaa, rodesac esa Tu is saxelmwifo moxele informaciis Tavisuflebas,
mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 7

masTan dakavSirebul sakanonmdeblo normebs, rogorc saidanRac, viRacis mier Tavsmox-
veul samwuxaro valdebulebas ganixilavs da ara misi, rogorc moqalaqis sasicocxlo,
aucilebel garantias. garantias im saxelmwifos keTildReobisa, romelsac is, rogorc
moqalaqe da saxelmwifo moxele warmoadgens.
nebismieri rangis saxelmwifo moxeles unda esmodes, rom swored informaciis Tavisuf-
lebazea damyarebuli dialogi xelisuflebasa da moqalaqeebs Soris da am komunikaciur
urTierTobas efuZneba xelisuflebis efeqtianoba. Tu xelisuflebas aqvs saSualeba
droulad miiRos da gaanalizos is problemebi, romlebic misi qveynis moqalaqeebis winaSe
dgas da is flobs sakuTari saqmianobis, gadawyvetilebebisa da samoqmedo gegmis Taobaze
sazogadoebis drouli informirebis meTodebs, aseT xelisuflebas warmatebis safuZveli
namdvilad aqvs.
demokratiuli saxelmwofos marTvisaTvis aucilebeli komunikaciuri urTierToba war-

moudgenelia iseTi mediatoris gareSe, rogoricaa presa, televizia da radio, anu mediis
saSualebebi, erTis mxriv, da premoxeleebis anu im saxelmwifo moxeleebis gareSe, meore
mxriv, romelTac JurnalistebTan urTierToba, mediaSi mimdinare procesebis codna da
sainformacio nakadSi CarTvis meTodebis floba, samsaxurebrivad evalebaT.
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presmoxelis
samagido konstitucia
xelisuflebis valdebuleba, mudmiv dialogSi imyofebodes Tavis moqalaqeebTan anu Zala-

uflebis ganxorcieleba komunikaciur principebs daafuZnos, bunebrivad warmoSobs am
komunikaciaze pasuxismgebel struqturaTa Seqmnis aucileblobas.
am struqturaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili uwyebriv pressamsaxurebs an mediasTan

urTierTobaze pasuxismgebel moxeleebs ekisrebaT. miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogor struq-
turul princips airCevs esa Tu is uwyeba sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis gansaxorci-
eleblad, mediasTan urTierToba am sferoSi erT-erT centralur, sakvanZo faqtorad
darCeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom informaciis xelmisawvdomobasTan mimarTebaSi, saqarTve-
los kanonmdebloba ar cnobs aravis prioritetul uflebas, Seuferxeblad miiRos
misTvis sainterso informacia da yvela subieqts Tanabar pirobebSi ayenebs, informaci-
uli nakadis ZiriTadi masa, ra Tqma unda, Jurnalistze modis da praqtikulad Jurnalis-
tisa da presmoxelis urTierTobis dinamikas gansazRvravs.
presmoxeles, romelsac yoveldRiurad uwevs mediasTan urTierToba da rogorc wesi,

misi nebismieri gamonaTqvami oficialur gancxadebad an Tundac xelisuflebis poziciad
aRiqmeba, unda axsovdes, rom ar arsebobs araviTari uwyebrivi an Tundac saxelmwifo
interesebiT gamarTlebuli argumenti, romelic mas raime saxiT sajaro informaciis
damalvas da miT umetes, damaxinjebas daavaldebulebs. ufro metic, mas kargad unda
esmodes, rom is, vinc misgan aseT qmedebas moiTxovs, arRvevs kanons da masac amisken
ubiZgebs.

saqarTvelos konstituciis meore Tavis, 24-e muxlis, 1 punqtis Tanaxmad:
”yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos

da gaavrcelos informacia, gamoTqvas da gaavrcelos Tavisi azri
zepirad, werilobiT an sxvagvari saSualebiT.”
amave muxlSi pirdapir aris naTvamia, rom:
2. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia.

cenzura dauSvebelia.
3. saxelmwifos an calkeul pirebs ara aqvT masobrivi informaciis

an misi gavrcelebis saSualebaTa monopolizaciis ufleba.
4. am muxlis pirvel da meore punqtSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa

ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia kanoniT SeizRudos iseTi pirobebiT,
romlebic aucilebelia demokratiul sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis, teritoriuli mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad,
sxvaTa uflebebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad, konfidencialurad
aRiarebuli informaciis gamJRavnebis Tavidan asacileblad an
sasamarTlos damoukideblobisa da miukerZoeblobis
uzrunvelsayofad.
presmoxele, romelsac sworad aqvs gaazrebuli informaciis Tavisuflebis sazogadoeb-

riv-politikuri mniSvneloba, mediasa da uwyebriv interesebs Tanasworuflebian subieq-
tebad moiazrebs da Tavis umTavres amocanad mediatorul funqcias miiCnevs, uaRresad
sasargebloa rogorc JurnalistTa korpusisaTvis, aseve mniSvnelovan samsaxurs uwevs
sakuTar uwyebas da Sesabamisad, mTlianad saxelisuflebo vertikals, radgan media mniSv-
nelovanwilad gansazRvravs xelisuflebis imijsa da avtoritets.
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nebismieri rangis saxelmwifo moxelem da aramarto presam- CanawerebisTvis
saxuris TanamSromelma unda icodes, rom informaciisa da
presis Tavisufleba ganmtkicebulia rogorc saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT, aseve saerTaSoriso normebiT.
gaeros samoqalaqo da politikuri

uflebebis saerTaSoriso konvenciis
me-19 muxli
1. yvelas aqvs ufleba hqondes sakuTari,

zewolisgan Tavisufali azri.
2. yvelas aqvs azris gamoTqmis Tavisufleba; es
ufleba aseve moicavs uflebas SeuzRudavad
moiZios, miiRos da gaavrcelos yvela saxis
informacia, idea zepirad, werilobiT an
nabeWdi saxiT, aseve SemoqmedebiTi formiT
mediis an nebismieri sxva, mis mier arCeuli
saSualebiT.
3. meore paragrafSi mocemul uflebebs Tan
erTvis specialuri valdebuleba-movaleobebi.
uflebebis nebismieri moculobiT SezRudva
dasaSvebia mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
formatSi da mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es
aucileblobiT aris nakarnaxevi.

adamianis uflebebisa da fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis
dacvis evropuli konvenciis me-10 muxli
1. yvelas aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba. es ufleba moicavs adamianis

Tavisuflebas hqondes mosazrebani da miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia
da ideebi sajaro xelisuflebis Carevis gareSe da sazRvrebis miuxedavad.
es muxli ar SeuSlis xels saxelmwifoebs moiTxovon radiomauwyeblobis,
televiziisa da kinowarmoebis licenzireba.
2. am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi moicavs

valdebulebebsa da pasuxismgeblobas, SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros iseT
formalobebs, pirobebs, SezRudvebs an sasjels, romlebic
gaTvaliswinebulni arian kanoniT da aucileblobas warmoadgenen
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi erovnuli usafrTxoebis, teritoriuli
mTlianobis an sazogadoebrivi wesrigis interesebidan gamomdinare,
uwesrigobisa da danaSaulis aRkveTisaTvis, janmrTelobisa da moralis,
sxvaTa reputaciis dacvisaTvis, konfidencialurad miRebuli informaciis
gamJRavnebis Tavidan acilebisa an sasamarTlo xelisuflebisa da
miukerZoeblobis SenarCunebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi
sazogadoebis moTxovnilebas gaxsnilobasa da sajaroobaze saqarTvelos zogadi adminis-

traciuli kodeqsi aregulirebs. kerZod, kodeqsis mesame Tavi, romelic informaciis
Tavisuflebas eZRvneba. kodeqsi, romelic 1999 wlis ivliss miiRo saqarTvelos parla-
mentma, jer kidev ar aris farTod aprobirebuli Cvens sazogadoebaSi. amis mizezia, erTis
mxriv, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis dabali done, anu kodeqsSi miniWebuli uflebebis Sesaxeb
informirebuli ar arian isini, visac es ufleba eniWeba, da meores mxriv, informaciis
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Tavisuflebis aqts naklebad an srulebiT ar icnoben saja-
ro dawesebulebaTa is struqturuli erTeulebi, visac uSu-
alod evaleba informaciis sajaroobis uzrunvelyofa. aseT
erTeulebs ki, pirvel rigSi, swored pressamsaxurebi warmo-
adgenen, romlebic TavianTi saqmianobisas, swored kodeqsSi
deklarirebuli principebis safuZvelze unda moqmedebdnen.
informaciis Tavisuflebis moTxovnebi vrceldeba yvela

saxelmwifo an TviTmmarTvelobis organosa da dawesebule-
baze da maTzec, visac saxelmwifom garkveuli uflebamo-
silebis ganxorcieleba ando da nawilobriv an srul saxel-
mwifo dafinansebaze arian.
administraciuli kodeqsi mkafiod ayalibebs sajaro in-

formaciis xelmisawvdomobis normas:
“sajaro informacia Riaa, garda kanoniT

gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa da dadgenili
wesiT saxelmwifo, komerciul da pirad
saidumlos mikuTvnebuli informaciisa.”
muxli 28.
Tumca, es muxli ise ar unda gavigoT, rom piradi, komerci-

uli, an profesiuli saidumloebis motiviT, pirs SeezRudos
ufleba, samTavrobo wyaroebidan miiRos informacia saku-
Tari Tavis Sesaxeb.
kanonis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs sajaro informaciis moTxovnis

ufleba. amisaTvis sakmarisia, pirma sajaro dawesebulebaSi
waradginos werilobiTi gancxadeba. kanoni ar avaldebulebs

mas, gancxadebaSi informaciis moTxovnis motivi an mizani miuTiTos. Tu informacia
sxvadasxva saxiT arsebobs, dainteresebul pirs SeuZlia, Tavad airCios informaciis
miRebis forma, maT Soris, gaecnos informacias dedanSi. “Tu arsebobs dednis dazianebis
safrTxe, - ambobs kanoni, _ sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia uzrunvelyos zedamxed-
velobis qveS misi gacnobis SesaZlebloba an warudginos saTanado wesiT damowmebuli
asli” ( muxli 37, punqti 1).
sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis aslis xelmisaw-

vdomoba, xolo erTaderTi, rac pirma SeiZleba informaciis miRebisTvis gadaixados, es
Tavad qseroaslis sazRauria.
sajaro informaciis gacemisas, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, ixelmZRvanelos kodeq-

sis me-40-e muxliT:
1. sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gasces sajaro informacia dauyovnebliv

an araugvianes 10 dRisa, Tu sajaro informaciis moTxovnaze pasuxis gacema
moiTxovs:
a) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebuli misi struqturuli qvedanayofidan

an sxva sajaro dawesebulebidan informaciis moZiebasa da damuSavebas;
b) mniSvnelovani moculobis erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli calkeuli
dokumentebis moZiebasa da damuSavebas;
g) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebul mis struqturul qvedanayofTan an
sxva sajaro dawesebulebasTan konsultacias.
2. Tu sajaro informaciis gacemisaTvis saWiroa 10-dRiani vada, sajaro

dawesebuleba valdebulia moTxovnisTanave acnobos amis Sesaxeb
ganmcxadebels.
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sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi ki,
sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, ixelmZRvanelos
kodeqsis 41-e muxliT:
1. sajaro dawesebulebis uari sajaro

informaciis gacemaze ganmcxadebels unda
ecnobos dauyovnebliv.
2. sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmis
SemTxvevaSi sajaro dawesebuleba
valdebulia gadawyvetilebis miRebidan
3 dRis vadaSi pirs werilobiT ganumartos
misi uflebebi da gasaCivrebis wesi, aseve
miuTiTos is struqturuli qvedanayofi an
sajaro dawesebuleba, romelTanac
warmoebda konsultacia informaciis
gacemaze uaris Tqmis gadawyvetilebis
miRebisas.
gaiTvaliswineT is, rom kanoni nebismier moqalaqes, da ara

marto Jurnalists, aZlevs informaciis gacemaze uaris
miRebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqvens mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis
sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebis uflebas. Tu Tqveni uari saTana-
dod motivirebuli ar iqneba, nebismier mosarCles SeeZleba
sasamarTlos ZaliT gamoiTxovos Tqveni uwyebidan infor-
macia, zianis SemTxvevaSi ki, sasamarTlom, SesaZloa, Tqvens
uwyebas materialuri kompensaciac ki daakisros.

sxdomaTa sajarooba
informaciis Tavisuflebis aqti gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeTa monawi-

leobis sakiTxsac aregulirebs, rac sxdomaTa sajarod Catarebas niSnavs. kodeqsis 34-e
muxli avaldebulebs kolegiur sajaro dawesebulebebs, erTi kviriT adre sajarod
gamoacxadon momavali sxdomis, misi Catarebis adgilis, droisa da dRis wesrigis Taobaze,
xolo sxdomis daxurvis SemTxvevaSi, _ Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb. gadaudebeli
aucileblobisas, sxdomis Catarebis an daxurvis SemTxvevaSi, dawesebuleba valdebulia,
gadawyvetilebis miRebidan sami dRis vadaSi ganmartos sxdomaze miRebuli gadawyveti-
lebis gasaCivrebis wesi. Tu dawesebulebam sxdoma kanoniT dadgenili wesis darRveviT
Caatara, gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, aRniSnul sxdomaze miRebuli gadawyveti-
lebebi sasamarTlom baTilad gamoacxados. informaciis sajaroobis analogiurad, sxdo-
maTa sajarooba Jurnalistebis garda, nebismier moqalaqeze vrceldeba.
saxelmwifo saidumlo
saxelmwifo saidumlos sakiTxs “saxelmwifo saidumlos Sesaxeb” kanoni aregulirebs.

kanonis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo saidumlos ganekuTvneba informacia, romelic “moicavs
saxelmwifo saidumloebis Semcvel cnobebs Tavdacvis, ekonomikis, sagareo urTier-
Tobis, saxelmwifo uSiSroebisa da marTlwesrigis dacvis sferoSi, romelTa gamJRav-
nebas an dakargvas SeuZlia ziani miayenos saqarTvelos suverenitets, konstituciur
wyobilebas, politikur da ekonomikur interesebs” ( saxelmwifo saidumlos Sesaxeb
kanoni, Tavi I, muxli 1, punqti 1). im informaciaTa dacvis saorganizacio RonisZiebebs,
romelTac miniWebuli aqvT grifi “saidumlo”, uzrunvelyofs aRmasrulebeli xelisuf-
lebis specialuri organo _ saxelmwifo saidumlos dacvis saxelmwifo inspeqcia, xolo
saxelmwifo saidumloebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis RinisZiebebs da maT Sesrulebaze kon-
trols _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo uSiSroebis saministro.
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Tanamdebobis pirsa da saxelmwifo moxeles, romelic usa-
fuZvlod gaasaidumloebs informacias; daarRvevs saxelm-
wifo saidumlos dacvis valdebulebas; ar ganaxorcielebs
kontrols saxelmwifo saidumlos dacvaze... daekisreba ka-
noniT dadgenili pasuxismgebloba.
danaSaulad ar iTvleba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca
pirma ar icoda da arc unda scodnoda,

rom saxelmwifo saidumlos axmaurebda;
masobrivi informaciis saSualebis mier

saxelmwifo saidumloebis Semcveli iseTi
informaciis gamoqveyneba, romlis
gaxmaurebasac mniSvneloba aqvs
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis dacvisaTvis an
romelic ukve gamoqveynebulia
(muxli 38, punqti 6).

pressamsaxuri
cnobilma sasamarTlo reportiorma lil deninstonma erT-erT sajaro leqciaze pirdapir

mianiSna pressamsaxurebze, ufro sworad, am samsaxurebis moxeleebze, rogorc infor-
maciis mopovebis yvelaze efeqtur wyaroze da aRniSna, rom urTierTobaTa sworad war-
marTvis SemTxvevaSi, presmoxele gacilebiT met “mogebas” naxulobs, vidre _ Jurnalisti,
xolo Tu moxele Secdomas dauSvebs, es JurnalistisaTvis “sasiamovno saCuqaria”, ro-
melsac igi aucileblad gamoiyenebs da saeWvoa, rom es saxelmwifo uwyebis sasargeblod
moxdes.
pressamsaxuris muSaobis efeqturobas, pirvel rigSi, gansazRvravs is, Tu ramdenad war-

matebulad arTmevs es rgoli Tavs pressamsaxuris or ZiriTad funqcias: mediasTan urTi-
erTobasa da komunikacias.
pressamsaxurebs ZiriTadad ori mimarTulebiT uwevT muSaoba. esenia:
I _ mimdinare movlenebze dauyovneblivi reagireba;
I I _ grZelvadian strategiaze muSaoba.
pressamsaxuris struqturas bevr qveyanaSi swored es ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba gansaz-

Rvravs. axali ambebis nakadis marTvaze, yoveldRiurad warmoSobil SekiTxvebze pasuxis
gacemaze, mediasTan kontaqtebis damyarebaze, mediarelizebis, preskonferenciebis momza-
debasa da interviuebis organizebaze uSualod presmdivani zrunavs; xolo grZelvadiani
strategiis SemuSaveba, mesijebis Camoyalibeba, sajaro gamosvlebis momzadeba komuni-
kaciis direqtoris movaleobebSi Sedis.
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Tumca, Tu realobidan gamovalT, mwiri adamianuri da
Tundac finansuri resursebis pirobebSi, CvenSi orTave
funqcias metwilad presmoxele iTavsebs, romelsac xSirad
Tavad uwevs rogorc faqsebis gagzavnaze drois xarjva,
aseve grZelvadian perspeqtivaze zrunvac. Tumca, miuxeda-
vad imisa, erTi kaciT iqneba dakompleqtebuli pressamsa-
xuri, Tu ormocdaaTiT, uwyebam unda uzrunvelyos is bazi-
suri moTxovnebi, romelsac mas sainformacio saSualebebi
anu Jurnalistebi uyeneben.
erTis mxriv, pressamsaxurma unda uzrunvelyos media
misTvis saintereso informaciiT;

saWiro dokumentebiT;
preskonferenciisTvis mediarelizis da
sainformacio paketis momzadebis meSveobiT
daexmaros Jurnalists, redaqciaSi misvlisas,
kidev erTxel gadaamowmos im cifrebisa, Tu sxva
faqtobrivi monacemebis sizuste, romlebzec
preskonferenciaze iyo saubari;
daexmaros Jurnalists im piris SerCevasa da
masTan dakavSirebaSi, vinc yvelaze
kompetenturad gascems pasuxs mis kiTxvebs;
daexmaros intervius organizebaSi.
meores mxriv, pressamsaxuri valdebulia,
yoveldRiurad miawodos uwyebis xelmZRvanels

mediis monitoringis masalebi;

dauyovnebliv moaxdinos reagireba mediaSi gasul negatiur an arazust
informaciaze;
uSualod miiRos monawileoba uwyebaSi gamarTul SexvedrebSi da mxolod amis
Semdeg, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, uwyebis xelmZRvanelTan SeTanxmebiT,
gadawyvitos ama Tu im informaciis gavrcelebis forma;
uwyebis xelmZRvanelTan erTad an SeTanxmebiT, SeimuSaos mesiji;
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavad aiRos mediasTan kontaqtis valdebuleba;
uzrunvelyos sajaro Sexvedrebis organizeba.
am amocanaTa Sesruleba, cxadia, Sromis racionalur ganawilebas gulisxmobs, rac,

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, adamianuri resursis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiT efeq-
turad miiRweva. iseT uwyebebSi, sadac operatiuli informaciis nakadTan gvaqvs saqme,
magaliTad, Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi, aprobirebulia pressamsaxuris TanamSromlis
sadReRamiso morigeoba. aseT meTods, eqstremaluri situaciebis dros, sxva uwyebebic
mimarTaven. morigeoba uwevs pressamsaxuris TanamSromels, romelic iRebs da avrcelebs,
ZiriTadad saagentoebis meSveobiT, operatiul informacias, pasuxs scems JurnalistTa
SekiTxvebs.
koordinacia. Zalzed mniSvnelovania Sidauwyebrivi koordinireba, raTa Sedegad erTi

da imave uwyebidan urTierTgamomricxavi informaciis gadineba ar miviRoT. samwuxarod,
xSirad vawydebiT iseT SemTxvevebs, roca pressamsaxuris erT TanamSromels Jurnalis-
tis SekiTxvaze Tavisi versia aqvs, meores _ sxva, Tavad uwyebis xelmZRvanels ki _ sruliad
gansxvavebuli. koordinirebuli muSaobis uzrunvelyofisTvis, presmoxele uSualod
unda iyos CarTuli uwyebaSi mimdinare movlenebSi: eswrebodes samuSao TaTbirebs da
telefoniT ar igebdes cnobebs mosalodneli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. am mxriv gansa-
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dilis TaTbirebze daswreba, roca dRisa da zogjer momavali
kviris ganrigic ki igegmeba. swored uwyebis xelmZRvanelTan dagegmili RonisZiebebis
mixedviT unda ganisazRvros pressamsaxuris yoveldRiuri Tu yovelkvireuli saqmianoba.
20
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
pressamsaxuri Tavis saqmianobas unda aTanxmebdes ara marto
uwyebis xelmZRvanelTan, aramed, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,
unda SeeZlos sxva uwyebebTan koordinirebac. rogorc
Jurnalists moeTxoveba nebismieri gziT misTvis saintereso
Temaze informaciis mopoveba, pressamsaxurmac unda SesZ-
los Jurnalistis dasmul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema. SesaZ-
loa am miznis misaRwevad mas viwrouwyebrivi arealidan ga-
mosvlac ki mouwios da sxvagan mouxdes saWiro informaciis
mopoveba.
mediamonitoringi. ramdenadac pressamsaxuri xels uw-

yobs dialogs sazogadoebasa da im uwyebas Soris, romelsac
Tavad warmoadgens, es mediacia ki Tavad mediis gareSe war-
moudgenelia, mniSvnelovania, pressamsaxurma uwyebis xelm-
ZRvanels yoveldRiurad miawodos beWduri da eleqtro-
nuli mediiT gavrcelebuli informacia.
mediamonitoringze zogierT uwyebaSi specialuri jgufebi

muSaoben, zogierTi uwyeba ki specialur komerciul samsa-
xurebs ukveTavs media monitoringis momzadebas. cxadia,
srulfasovani monitoringis Catareba garkveul dros moiT-
xovs, Tumca, es srulebiT ar niSnavs imas, rom pressamsaxuri
monitoringis jgufis muSaobas unda daelodos da yovel
diliT ar miawodos Tavis xelmZRvanels presis daijesti.
miT umetes, rom mediaSi, SesaZloa, iseTi informacia gavr-
celdes, romelic dauyovnebel reagirebas saWiroebs da amis
Sesaxeb, pirvel rigSi, uwyebis xelmZRvaneli unda iyos in-
formirebuli.

amrigad, pressamsaxurebi ZiriTadad ori saxis media monitorings amzadeben:
yoveldRiur daijests;
yovelkvireul an yovelTviur analitikur mimoxilvas.
uwyebis xelmZRvanelisTvis yoveldRiuri daijestis momzadebisas, presmoxelem unda SeZ-

los mediaSi yoveldRiurad momdinare informaciis nakadidan im mniSvnelovanis amokrefa,
romelic SeiZleba sayuradRebo aRmoCndes misi SefisaTvis. mniSvnelovan informaciaSi
igulisxmeba ara mxolod is publikaciebi, romlebic uSualod am uwyebas an mis xelmZRva-
nels Seexeba, aramed konkretul sferosTan dakavSirebuli iseTi sakiTxebic, romelTa
Sesaxeb uwyebis xelmZRvaneli informirebuli unda iyos.
magaliTad, saolqo sasamarTlos presmoxelem yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos

im publikaciebzec, romlebic uSualod saolqo sasamarTloSi gamarTul
procesebs asaxavs da iseTebzec, romlebSic ama Tu im sakanonmdeblo
cvlilebazea saubari da romelTa safuZvelze mosamarTles momavalSi
gadawyvetilebis miReba mouwevs. presmoxelem ar unda aaridos Tavi amgvari
informaciis momzadebas im imediT, rom misi uwyebis xelmZRvaneli
sakanonmdeblo siaxleebs uwyebrivi gamocemidan isedac Seityobs. wminda
sakanonmdeblo formulirebebis garda, mniSvnelovania, igive mosamarTle
flobdes informacias, Tu ra argumentebiT xelmZRvanelobdnen kanonmdeblebi
ama Tu im sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis miRebisas da rogoria sazogadoebrivi azri
am konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
yovelkvireuli an yovelTviuri analitikuri monitoringis momzadeba gacilebiT Sroma-

tevadi saqmea, romelzec specialuri jgufebi muSaoben. presis monitoringis garda, sa-
Wiroa satelevizio gadacemebis aRnusxvac. analitikur monitoringSi xdeba pozitiuri
da negatiuri informaciis cal-calke daxarisxeba da zogadi tendenciebis gamokveTa.
swored aseTi analizi gansazRvravs pressamsaxuris muSaobis Semdgom mimarTulebebs,
rasac presmoxele da uwyebis xelmZRvaneli erToblivad wyveten.
22
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
presmoxele
imisda mixedviT, Tu ra intensivobiT uwevs ama Tu im uwyebas mediasTan urTierToba,

uwyebis xelmZRvanelma unda gadawyvitos, Seqmnas Tu ara specialuri struqtura
pressamsaxuris saxiT.
pressamsaxuris saxesa da mis warmatebul muSaobas didwilad presmoxele gansazRvravs,

romelsac xSir SemTxvevebSi mTeli pressamsaxuris funqciebis SeTavsebac ki uxdeba.
upirvelesi Tviseba, rac komunikaciis funqciis matarebel presmoxeles moeTxoveba, es

komunikabeluroba da kontaqtebis iolad damyarebis unaria. samsaxurSi misvlisas pres-
moxelem unda daiviwyos piradi guneba-ganwyobileba, ama Tu im Jurnalistisadmi, an
Tundac movlenisadmi subieqturi damokidebuleba da ise Seudges Tavisi movaleobis
Sesrulebas, rac ZiriTadad JurnalistebTan urTierTobas gulisxmobs. piradi kontaq-
tebis damyarebis gareSe, mxolod faqsebiT oficialuri monacemebis gavrcelebis gziT,
presmoxele ver SeZlebs miaRwios Tavis mizans _ meore dRes gazeTis furclebze ixilos
is informacia, romlis gavrcelebis mizanSewonilobaze wina dRiT Tavis SefTan iTaTbira.
rogorc wesi, presmoxeles yovel periodul gamocemaSi is Jurnalisti eguleba, rome-
lic misTvis saintereso sakiTxebze muSaobs. cxadia, upriania, ekonomikis saministros
presmoxele im JurnalistebTan kontaqtebis damyarebaze zrunavdes, romlebic ekonomikis
sakiTxebSi arian specializirebuli. garda redaqciebis oficialuri rekvizitebisa, pres-
moxeles unda gaaCndes aseTi Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb sxva sakontaqto informacia, mobi-
luri da saxlis telefonis nomrebis CaTvliT, raTa nebismier situaciaSi SeZlos sasur-
vel JurnalistTan dakavSireba. axali kontaqtebis gabmaze gacilebiT efeqturia saWiro
informaciis gavrceleba im Jurnalistis meSveobiT, romelsac Tqvens uwyebaze ukve da-
uweria, erkveva konkretul sferoSi, erTi sityviT, Tavidan ar sWirdeba Tqveni samzare-

ulos ani da banis axsna. Tumca, zogjer gamSuqebeli Jurnalistis SerCevis sakiTxs uSu-
alod sainformacio saSualebis xelmZRvaneli wyvets da Tqvens survilze ar aris damoki-
debuli, vis mogivlenen kameriT an diqtafoniT “SeiaraRebuls” xelSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi
nu daizarebT gaimeoroT is, rac sxva JurnalistebisTvis ukve aTasjer gadagiReWiaT,
radgan informaciis zustad gadacemiT, pirvel rigSi, Tavad unda iyoT dainteresebuli
da Tu Jurnalisti naklebgamocdili da Sesabamisad, naklebinformirebuli aRmoCndeba,
araswori gaSuqebis SemTxvevaSi, mis araprofesionalizmze apelireba Tqvens mdgomareobas
veranairad ver Seamsubuqebs. is, rom karg mTqmels kargi gamgone unda, SeRavaTi ver iqneba
TqvenTvis mas Semdeg, rac meore dRes gazeTis furclebze an televiziiT arasworad
gaSuqebul informacias ixilavT. marTalia, Secdomis gamosworeba sainformacio
saSualebaSi Sesworebis gamoqveynebis gziT SesaZlebelia, magram es gacilebiT araefeq-
turi saSualebaa. jer erTi, rom rac ar unda arakvalificiurad werdes Jurnalisti,
ndobis xarisxi mkiTxvels avtoriseul statiasTan mimarTebiT metia aqvs, vidre uwyebis
mier gakeTebuli gancxadebis mimarT. redaqciam Tavisi saxeliTac rom gamoaqveynos
Sesworeba da bodiSi moixados, rogorc wesi, aseTi mcire informaciuli SeniSvna naklebad
iqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas, Tanac ZiriTadad gazeTebi sakuTari Secdomebis amsaxvel
mcire publikaciebs naklebad SesamCnev adgilebze (sardafebSi) anTavseben. maSin, roca
imave Temaze Tundac mcdari faqtebis Semcveli publikacia SesaZloa, pirvel gverdze,
xmauriani saTauriT, wamyvan statiad, e. w. top news-adac ki gamoqveyndes. amdenad imisaTvis,
rom miaRwioT Tqvens mizans _ mkiTxvelamde zustad miitanoT Tqveni saTqmeli, rac
yvelaze damajereblad swored Jurnalistis meSveobiT miiRweva, _ umjobesia, yvelaferi
gaakeToT imisaTvis, rom yovel Jurnalists misTvis gasageb enaze auxsnaT is, risi meore
dRes gazeTis furclebze xilva arc Tqven gaganawyenebT da arc Tqvens Sefs.
komunikabelurobaze aranakleb moeTxoveba presmoxeles informirebuloba. upirveles

yovlisa, is
24
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
kargad unda erkveodes arsebul sakanonmdeblo
bazasa da saerTaSoriso konvenciebSi (ix.
presmoxelis samagido konstitucia) da aqedan
gamomdinare, sakuTar ufleba- movaleobebSi;
icnobdes uwyebis Sida struqturas, urTierToba
hqondes ara marto Tavis uSualo
xelmZRvanelTan;
hqondes urTierToba im eqspertebTan, romelTa
mosazrebebis sajarod gamoTqma met
damajereblobas miscems sasurveli mesijis
gavrcelebas;
zustad SeeZlos respondentis SerCeva
(magaliTad, Tu Jurnalisti dainteresdeba
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebiT, presmoxelem is
samoqalaqo saqmeebis specialistTan ar unda
miavlinos);
saqmis kursSi iyos rogorc sakuTar, aseve masTan
momijnave uwyebebSi mimdinare procesebis
Sesaxeb;
SeeZlos specialuri konsultaciebis gareSe
pasuxi gasces Jurnalistis im elementarul
SekiTxvebs, romlebic mis uwyebas ukavSirdeba
(bunebrivia, ar aris savaldebulo, vTqvaT,
romelime dargobrivi saministros licenzirebis
ganyofilebis presmoxelem zustad icodes misi
samsaxuris mier Zexvze licenziis gacemis
SemTxvevaSi, Zexvis damzadebis zusti
teqnologia, magram dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi,
man unda SesZlos pasuxi gasces Jurnalists, Tu
ramdenad ekologiurad usafrTxoa es produqti
momxmareblisTvis);

eqstremalur situaciaSi, roca misi xelmZRvaneli mivlinebaSia, an TaTbirzea
da Jurnalisti mas veranairad ukavSirdeba, presmoxelem damoukideblad unda
SesZlos mediis SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema. Tanac ise, rom Tavisi pasuxiT
uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ar Caayenos Tavisi ufrosi;
SeeZlos internetis an sxva wyaroebis meSveobiT moipovos damatebiTi
informacia JurnalistisTvis saintereso sakiTxze, raTa Jurnalists mza
saxiT miawodos damxmare informacia, rac mas muSaobas gauadvilebs,
presmoxelis informacias ki ufro damajerebels gaxdis.
karg presmoxeles Tavisi ufrosisgan damoukideblad unda SeeZlos orientireba. man Ta-
vad unda SesZlos JurnalistTa telefonis zarebis gafiltvra, Tanac ise, rom nawyeni
arc Jurnalisti daurCes. presmoxelem arasasurveli SekiTxvebi Tavidan unda aaridos
Tavis Sefs, Tumca amave dros carieli xeliT arc Jurnalisti unda gaistumros. aseT
situaciebSi mxolod Sefis mouclelobis momizezeba ar aris sakmarisi, presmoxele Jurna-
lists alternatiuli informaciis wyaros mopovebaSi unda daexmaros da Tavis aridebis
taqtikis SemTxvevaSic ki ar unda daiviwyos, rom misi mTavari funqcia informaciis gace-
maa. sasurvelia, aseve negatiuri informaciebis gacxadeba an Tavad presmoxelem ikisros
Tavis Tavze an uwyebis sxva warmomadgenelma da ara Tavad uwyebis xelmZRvanelma.
26
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
presmediacia
sasamarTlo sistemaSi
kanonis uzenaesoba demokratiuli sazogadoebis umniSvnelovanes pirobas warmoadgens.

damoukidebeli sasamarTlo sistema da media am pirobis umTavresi sayrdenia da Sesaba-
misad, maTi urTierTqmedebis mniSvneloba, bunebrivia, cdeba mxolod uwyebriv da korpo-
raciul CarCoebs. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom swored sasamarTloSi iqmneba sazoga-
doebrivi ganviTerebis precedentuli praqtika da xSirad es praqtika mediis ganviTarebis
pirdapirproporciulia.
dasavleT evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi kanoni awesrigebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis

TiToeul aspeqts, dawyebuli biznesiT, dazRveviT, ganaTlebiTa da mediciniT, damTavre-
buli saojaxo saqmeebiTa da sportiT. aqedan gamomdinare, samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi axali
ambebis erT-erT ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens. gazeTebis umravlesoba yoveldRiurad 10-
12 masalas aqveynebs samarTlebriv Temaze, Tu ar CavTvliT specialur Tematur gverdebsa
da damatebebs. qarTul sazogadoebaSic TandaTan Zlierdeba msgavsi tendenciebi da Tu
qarTvel Jurnalistebs qveyanaSi mimdinare cvlilebebis asaxvis survili aqvT, maT
samarTlebrivi publikaciebis momzadebis unaric unda hqondeT.
sasamarTlo Jurnalistikis sferoSi momuSave qarTveli Jurnalistebi ZiriTadad Semdeg

problemebs awydebian:

1. kanonebi xSirad metismetad teqnikuri da rTulad gasagebi eniT aris
gadmocemuli. Jurnalistebis did nawils ki ar gaaCnia kvalificiuri
iuridiuli ganaTleba (maT es arc moeTxovebaT).
2. ganviTarebad demokratiebSi problemebis kanonieri gziT gadawyveta ar
warmoadgens erTaderT da ualternativo gamosavals. garda amisa, moqalaqeebs
mwiri informacia aqvT sakuTari samarTlebrivi uflebebis Sesaxeb. post-
sabWoTa qveynebis umravlesobaSi gavrcelebulia kanonisadmi cinikuri
damokidebuleba, rac “araformaluri samarTlis” (kanonis uzenaesobis
mZlavri alternativa) damkvidrebas iwvevs.
3. pirveli ori problemis gaTvaliswinebiT, samarTlebriv Tematikaze Seqmnili
masalebi SesaZloa, arc ise mimzidveli aRmoCndes sazogadoebisaTvis. amitom
zogjer am masalebis gamoqveynebis aucileblobaSi Tavad redaqtorebis
darwmuneba rTuldeba.
sasamarTlo procesis specifikidan gamomdinare, specifikuri viTareba iqmneba am

sferosTan dakavSirebul publikaciebsa Tu telesiuJetebSi. kerZod:
procesis dasrulebisTanave aqtiurdeba gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo mxare,

mxaris advokati, zogjer ki prokuraturis an policiis warmomadegeneli;
gadawyvetilebiT kmayofili mxare, rogorc wesi, pasiurobs;
kanonisa da eTikis kodeqsis moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, mosamarTle
komentars ar ukeTebs miRebul gadawyvetilebas, rac mas arc moeTxoveba.
Sedegad mediaSi Zlierdeba kritikuli tendencia.
rogor gadavlaxoT es problemebi? rogor vaqcioT isini sistemisaTvis

xelsayrel pirobebad? am konteqstSi mediasTan urTierTobaze pasuxismgebel
moxeles an struqturas, rogorc mediators, gansakuTrebuli funqcia
ekisreba.
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GHTCVTLBFNJHB
ganvixiloT pirveli problema _ kanonis teqnikuri aspeqti
da misi gagebis sirTule. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, Jurnalis-
tebis mcire nawils gavlili aqvs specialuri iuridiuli
momzadeba. miuxedavad amisa, presmoxeles an presmediators
unda axsovdes, rom Jurnalisti SekiTxvas mkiTxvelis anu
sazogadoebis garkveuli jgufis saxeliT svams da pasuxic
sazogadoebisaTvis gasageb enaze unda miiRos.
presmediatorma mkafiod unda auxsnas Jurnalists is

specifikuri niuansebi, romlebic mosamarTles maTTan
urTierTobaSi SeiZleba warmoeSvas da imavdroulad daex-
maros mosamarTles JurnalistTan swori komunikaciuri
strategiis SemuSavebaSi.
samarTlebriv sferoSi momuSave Jurnalistebs da mosamar-

Tleebs kargad axsovT is kamaTi, romelic sxdomebze video
kameris daSvebis da video operatorebis muSaobas ukavSir-
deboda. mosamarTleebi xSirad dasabuTebul pretenziebs
gamoTqvamdnen imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom video kameris win
muSaoba, darbazSi operatorebis SeuzRudavi gadaadgileba
xels uSlida procesis msvelelobas. maTi argumentebi xSi-
rad tradiciuli demokratiis qveynebSi arsebuli SezRud-
vis praqtikiTac iyo gamyarebuli. mosamarTleTa aseTi po-
zicia kategoriul winaaRmdegobas awydeboda Jurnaliste-
bis mxridanac. argumentebi, Tavis mxriv, Jurnalistebsac
hqondaT: Tu sasamarTlo procesi Riaa da Jurnalists masze
daswrebis ufleba aqvs, video kamerebisaTvis SezRudvis
daweseba igive iqneboda, rac gazeTis korespondentisaTvis
diqtofonis, an sulac saweri kalmis gamoyenebis akrZalva.

sabolood, moiZebna konsensusi da ganisazRvra sasamarTlo procesze video kamerebis
muSaobis reglamenti da gadaadgilebis arealic. Tumca, am TvalsazrisiT presmoxeles
kvlavac bevri problema eqmneba. man unda daicvas balansi: erTis mxriv, uzrunvelyos,
procesis normaluri msvleloba da meore mxriv, JurnalistisTvis srulfasovani muSa-
obis pirobebis Seqmna. gamosavali kvlavac sakiTxisadmi mediatorul midgomaSia da es
mTlianad mediatoris unarzea damokidebuli.
meore problema, romelsac sasamarTlos presmediatori awydeba, aris is, rom ganviTa-
rebadi demokratiis qveynebSi moqalaqeebs mwiri informacia aqvT sakuTari samarTleb-
rivi uflebebis Sesaxeb da maTTvis kanoni ar warmoadgens problemebis gadawyvetis
garantias. am problemis daZlevaSi medias umniSvnelovanesi funqciis Sesruleba SeuZ-
lia – rac ufro metad gaSuqdeba samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi da axali ambebis moTxrobisas,
xazi gaesmeva samarTlebriv aspeqtebs, miT ufro gaizrdeba sazogadobaSi ndoba kanonis
mimarT. saTanadod da obieqturad miwodebuli informacia, moqalaqeebs ubiZgebs,
problemebi sasamarTlosa da arbitraJis gziT moagvaron, saboloo jamSi ki, xels uwyobs
saqarTveloSi kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebas. amisaTvis presmediatorma unda izrunos,
rom yovelTvis xelT hqondes masala iseTi sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb, romli-
Tac Jurnalists im SemTxvevaSic ki daainteresebs, roca es ukanaskneli sruliad sxva
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT miva pressamsaxurSi. Tumca, Jurnalistis mier kanoniT dagenili
wesiT gamoTxovili informaciis Seuferxebeli miwodeba, misTvis saintereso kiTxvebze
kompetenturi pasuxis gacema da sistemis sakvanZo pirebTan kontaqtis organizeba misi,
rogorc moxelis da mediatoris, upirvelesi valdebulebaa.
mowesrigebuli da kargad sistematizirebuli arqivi, reestri nebismieri Jurnalisti-

saTvis didi daxmarebaa da amitomac moxelem yvela Rone unda ixmaros, raTa es sakiTxi
nebismieri donis sasamarTloSi dauyovnebliv mowesrigdes.
30
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
mesame problema – sazogadoebisTvis (da redaqtorisTvis!)
Tqveni masalebis saintereso formiT miwodeba – Jurnalis-
turi unar-Cvevebisa da praqtikis sakiTxia. Tumca, bevri ram
mediis warmomadgenlebTan presmediatoris pirovnul, ndo-
baze damyarebul urTierTobebzec aris damokidebuli.
sasurvelia, rom presmediatorma icodes, Tu rogor muSav-
deba informacia ama Tu im sainformacio saSualebaSi, ra
prioritetebi aqvT gadawyvetilebis mimReb redaqtorebs,
radgan sasamarTlodan wamosuli informacia metwilad ada-
mianis beds, Rirsebas da reputacias ukavSirdeba.
zemoTnaxsenebi im niuansebis miuxedavad, romlebic sasamar-

Tlos presmoxeleebsa Tu mediaurTierTobebze pasuxis-
mgebel pirebs gansakuTrebul pirobebSi ayenebs, presmedi-
acia sasamarTlo sistemaSi imave logikiTa da kanonebiT
xorcieldeba, rogorc es xelisuflebis sxva StoebSi xdeba
da razec Semdgom TavebSi visaubrebT.

presmediacia
samwuxaroa, magram faqtia, rom presmoxelis an pressamsaxuris saqmianobis Sefasebisas

iSviaTad figurirebs iseTi kriteriumi, rogoricaa mosalodneli Secdomis Tavidan ari-
deba, anu praqtikulad ar fasdeba is, Tu ramdenjer aarida presmoxelem sakuTari uwyeba
skandals an ubralod arasamarTlian publikacias. realoba gviCvenebs, rom presmoxelis
muSaobis efeqturoba metwilad imiT izomeba, Tu ramdenad aisaxeba misi Sroma sainforma-
cio saSualebebSi, anu ramdenad warmatebulad xorcieldeba presmediacia. ramdeni pres-
relizic ar unda weros da agzavnos presmoxelem faqsiT, ramdenic ar unda uburRos tvini
Jurnalists, fuWi garja iqneba, Tu es yvelaferi mediis saSualebebSi ar aisaxeba. am miznis
misaRwevad Jurnalists marto piradi kontaqtebi ar gamoadgeba, radgan nacnobma
Jurnalistma dapirebisamebr, SesaZloa, moamzados statia an siuJeti TqvenTvis mniSvne-
lovan sakiTxze, magram redaqtorma misi gamoqveyneba an teleeTeriT gaSveba mizanSeuwon-
lad CaTvalos. tiraJirebis gareSe ki Tqveni informaciis an mesijis fasi nulis tolia.
saerTod unda iTqvas, rom JurnalistTan megobruli urTierTobis imedi sakmaod ilu-
zorulia, radgan ragind keTilganwyobili ar unda iyos Jurnalisti piradad Tqvens an
Tqveni uwyebis mimarT, medias Tavisi Seuvali logika da principebi aqvs da Jurnalisti,
rogorc wesi, am principebs ar daTmobs. amitomac
SearCieT saintereso informacia. SesaZloa, erTi SexedviT naklebmniSvnelovani

informaciac ki redaqtoris TvaliT, anu mkiTxvelis dainteresebis kuTxiT
miawodoT Jurnalists _ Tavadve gaTvaloT, ra kategoriis mkiTxvels
daainteresebT am informaciiT;
gansazRvreT, Tu mediis romel saSualebas daainteresebs Tqveni informacia da
swored specifikidan gamomdinare gaavrceleT is. magaliTad, gazeTi, romelic
32
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
samxedro Tematikas aSuqebs, uars ar ityvis
informaciaze, romelic wvevamdelebs Seexeba da
pirvel rigSi, prioriteti swored aseT
sainformacio saSualebas mianiWeT;
zustad gansazRvreT dagegmili RonisZiebis
Catarebis dro. aqtualur da sazogadoebisTvis
mniSvnelovan Temaze preskonferenciis an sxva
RonisZiebis Catareba problemas ar warmoadgens,
radgan am dros Tavad Jurnalistebis mxridan
izrdeba moTxovnileba Tqveni uwyebidan
informaciis miRebaze. gacilebiT rTulia mediis
yuradRebis mipyroba maSin, roca aqtualuri sxva
mimdinare movlenebia. SesaZloa, Jurnalistebi
kidevac daeswron Tqvens RonisZiebas, magram
sagazeTo farTis an satelevizio drois deficitis
gamo, srulebiTac ar gaaSuqon Tqvens mier
dagegmili RonisZieba an sulac mSrali
informaciuli SeniSvna gamoaqveynon. amitomac
mniSvnelovania, rom JurnalistebisTvis
naklebaqtualuri da TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani
RonisZieba mimdinare movlenebiT gadatvirTul
dros ar daniSnoT. aseTi Temebis aqtualizacia
yvelaze metad upriania “Jurnalisturi
SimSilobis” periodSi, anu im dros, roca Temebis
deficitis gamo Tavad Jurnalistebi nadiroben
informaciaze da Tqvens mier gadagdebul ankessac
iolad wamoegebian. am mxriv yvelaze xelsayrelia
zafxulis periodi, roca politikuri aqtivobac
minelebulia da sajaro pirTa moxelTeba Zneldeba
SvebulebaSi yofnis an sxva garemoebaTa gamo.

ama Tu im RonisZiebis dagegmvisTanave saagentoebis meSveobiT gaavrceleT
mediaanonsi, raTa rac SeiZleba metma Jurnalistma Seityos dagegmili
RonisZiebis Sesaxeb. Tumca, es ar gaTavisuflebT valdebulebisgan, rom saTiTaod
CamourekoT telefoniT yovel sainformacio saSualebas da piradad im
Jurnalistebs, romlebic windawinve iciT, rom Tqveni informaciiT
dainteresdebian.
calke saubris Temaa sainformacio saSualebaTa SerCevisas prioritetebis gansazRvra.

miuxedavad imisa, rom presmoxele mediis yvela saSualebasTan urTierTobisas Tanaswo-
robis principiT unda xelmZRvanelobdes, presmediaciis procesSi (gansakuTrebiT im
SemTxvevebSi, roca iniciativa Tavad presmoxelisgan modis) sainformacio saSualebebis-
Tvis garkveuli upiratesobebis miniWeba mas mainc uxdeba. amas, pirvel rigSi, gansazRvravs
sainformacio saSualebis
perioduloba da aqedan gamomdinare operatiulobis xarisxi;

gavrcelebis areali (gazeTebisTvis – tiraJi; televiziebisa da radiosTvis _
dafarvis areali; saagentoebisTvis _ xelmomwerebi; internet gazeTebisTvis _
veb-gverdis mnaxvelTa raodenoba).
bunebrivia, roca saubaria informaciis swraf gavrcelebaze da presmoxele droSic Sez-

Rudulia, is, pirvel rigSi, yvelaze operatiul sainformacio saSualebebs ukavSirdeba
(saagentoebs, televiziebis sainformacio gadacemebis redaqciebs) da Semdeg sxva da-
narCens.
ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba aqvs masobrivi informaciis saSualebis gavrcelebis areal-

sac. Tu gindaT, rom Tqvenma mesijma uSgulamdec ki miaRwios, bunebrivia, jer Tqveni
mesijis im sainformacio saSualebaSi gavrcelebaze unda izrunoT, romelic mTel sa-
qarTvelos faravs, Semdeg ki _ danarCenSi. cxadia, rac meti dawers da gaaSuqebs Tqvens
saTqmels, miT ukeTesia TqvenTvis. Tumca, amgvari midgoma yovelTvis gamarTlebuli ar
aris.
34
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
magaliTad, Tu gazeT „X“-Si daibeWda uaryofiTi
statia Tqvens uwyebaze, sasurvelia, am uaryofiTi
faqtebis uarmyofi statia mxolod imave gazeTis
mkiTxvelma ixilos.
bunebrivia, aris SemTxvevebi, roca pressamsaxuris mier mom-

zadebuli informacia mxolod Sida moxmarebisTvis ar aris
gankuTvnili da meti rezonansulobisTvis, umjobesia, misi
saerTaSoriso arxebiT gavrceleba. marTalia, saqarTve-
loSi moqmedi saerTaSoriso saagentoebis biuroebi (ix. sa-
informacio saSualebaTa koordinatebi) adgilobrivi sa-
agentoebis momxmareblebi arian, magram igive operatiulo-
bidan (Tundac obieqturobidan) gamomdinare, sasurvelia,
am saagentoebma uSualod pirvelwyarodan miiRon infor-
macia.

presmoxele da uwyebis
xelmZRvaneli
„gaqvT SekiTxvebi Cems pasuxebze?“- cnobili politikuri moRvawis, henri kisinjeris

mier preskonferenciaze naTqvami es fraza naTlad warmoaCens im samuSaos mniSvne-
lobas, romelic yvela seriozul preskonferencias an intervius uZRvis win.
uwyebis xelmZRvanelma unda icodes, rom kargad informirebuli presmdivani, upirvele-

sad misi, rogorc uwyebis xelmZRvanelis interess warmoadgens, radgan fragmentuli
informacia da gadawyevetilebaTa miRebis procesis arcodna, xSirad warmoSobs iseT ga-
ugebrobebs, romlebic, saboloo jamSi, am uwyebis sazianod viTardeba.
ragind komunikabeluric ar unda iyos uwyebis xelmZRvaneli, mas gauWirdeba upasuxos

„amotrialebuli piramidis“ saxeliT cnobil, JurnalistisaTvis mniSvnelovan SekiTx-
vebs
vin? ra? sad? rodis? ratom? rogor?
pressamsaxuris warmatebul muSaobas didwilad presmoxelisa da uwyebis xelmZRvanelis

urTierToba gansazRvravs. roca uwyebis xelmZRvaneli TviTon presmoxelisTvis aris mo-
uxelTebeli, zedmetia laparaki JurnalistebTan efeqtur mediaciaze. bevri xelmZRva-
neli zogjer presmoxelis gverdis avliT gadis JurnalistebTan kontaqtze da Sedegad
viRebT situacias, roca presmoxeleze metad informirebuli Jurnalistebi arian. es me-
Todi yovelTvis ar amarTlebs da aseT situaciebSi presmoxeles metwilad saqmeTa
mmarTvelis funqcia akisria, romelic mxolod ufrosis teqnikur miTiTebebs asrulebs.
36
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
arada, presmoxeles yoveldRiuri kontaqtebi aqvs Jurna-
listebTan, kargad icnobs maT pirad ganwyobas, damokide-
bulebas ama Tu im movlenisadmi da ramdenadac mas filtra-
ciis funqciac akisria, SeuZlia gafiltros arasasurveli
zarebi da SekiTxvebi. garda amisa, uwyebis xelmZRvanelisgan
gansxvavebiT, romelic dRis ganmavlobaSi Tavisi ZiriTadi
saqmianobiT aris dakavebuli, presmoxele mudmivad akontro-
lebs (unda akontrolebdes) informaciul nakads: Tvalyurs
adevnebs satelevizio gadacemebs, saagentoebis informaciebs
da komunikaciis sxva saSualebebs, erTi sityviT, mudmivad
movlenebis saqmis kursSia. informaciis axalma nakadma, rome-
lic permanentulad icvleba, SesaZloa, radikalurad Secva-
los is pozicia, romelic dRis dasawyisSi erToblivad iyo
SemuSavebuli. arainformirebulobis Sedegad ki, rac pres-
samsaxuris rgolis ignorirebas SeiZleba mohyves, uxerxul
mdgomareobaSi SeiZleba aRmoCndes Tavad uwyebis xelmZRva-
neli.
magaliTad, sagareo saqmeTa ministrs SeiZleba telefoniT

daukavSirdes Jurnalisti da sTxovos zogadi komentari
romelime qveyanasTan ormxriv urTierTobaze da ministr-
mac am saxelmwifos mimarT sakmaod diplomatiurad da
gawonasworebulad isaubros. amave dros ki, SesaZloa, rom
swored am qveynis ministri, drois im monakveTSi saqarTve-
los mimarT mZafr da kategoriul gancxadebebs akeTebdes.
TaTbiridan axladgamosul ministrs ki ar hqondes opera-
tiuli informacia amis Sesaxeb. ministris es uwyinari
komentari, gamoricxuli ar aris, rom redaqciam sruliad
gansxvavebul rakursSi warmoaCinos: naxeT, rogori lo-
ialuria saministro. marTalia, es sakiTxi Jurnalistisa

da mTlianad redaqciis eTikas ukavSirdeba, magram dazRveuli amgvari SemTxvevebisgan
aravinaa. situaciis gamosworeba mogvianebiTac SeiZleba, Tu presmoxele daukavSirdeba
redaqcias da sTxovs ministris poziciis damatebiT dafiqsirebas. Tumca, dabeWdavs Tu
ara redaqcia ministris damatebiT komentars, esec isev da isev redaqciis keTilsindisi-
erebazea damokidebuli.
amdenad, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba Tavad uwyebis xelmZRvanelsa da presmoxeles Soris

koordinirebas eniWeba. presmoxeles nebismier momentSi unda SeeZlos Tavis SefTan da-
kavSireba da misi informireba. presmoxele da uwyebis xelmZRvaneli erTian gunds unda
warmoadgendnen, romlebic erToblivad wyveten uwyebasTan dakavSirebul strategiul
sakiTxebs da am strategiis mixedviT axorcielebdnen Semdgom saqmianobas.
uwyebis xelmZRvaneli ar unda eridebodes imis aRiarebas, rom ama Tu im viTarebaSi igi
ar aris darwmunebuli, Tu ramdenad sworad ayalibebs Tavis azrs da rogor aRiqvams amas
Jurnalisti.
presmoxelesTan erToblivad unda Camoyalibdes e.w. “usafrTxoebis kunZulebi“ anu

mesijisa da komentaris iseTi kombinacia, romelic movlenis, faqtis sizustesa da misdami
uwyebis damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT damatebiT kiTxvas ar badebs. aseTi „kunZulebi“,
romlebic movlenaTa ganviTarebisda mixedviT unda ixvewebodes, xSirad dasWirdeba
uwyebis xelmZRvanels JurnalistebTan urTierTobaSi.
presmoxelem yvelaze kargad unda icodes Tavisi xelmZRvanelis pirovnuli susti da

Zlieri mxareebi, ris mixedviTac unda gansazRvros mediasTan misi urTierToba.
Tu uwyebis xelmZRvaneli susti oratoria,
umjobesia, is sajaro gancxadebebis gakeTebas moaridos;
SesaZloa, Sefi susti oratoria, magram werilobiT gacilebiT ukeT ayalibebs
Tavis saTqmels. aseT SemTxvevaSi, zogjer werilobiTi mimarTvis formac
gamarTlebulia (cxadia, aq igulisxmeba popularul enaze dawerili
publikaciebi);
38
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
Tu is kargad arTmevs Tavs polemikas, aseT
SemTxvevaSi, yvelaze efeqturi da damajerebeli
modave mxaresTan satelevizio debatebia;
Tu is kargi oratoria, es srulebiTac ar niSnavs,
rom polemikasac warmatebulad gaarTmevs Tavs.
am SemTxvevaSi, cxadia, umjobesia, presmoxele
Seecados, rom misi Sefi satelevizio eTerSi
marto aRmoCndes. aq, cxadia, unda
gaviTvaliswinoT im Jurnalistis faqtori,
romelsac saeTero dialogi mihyavs. presmoxelem
Tavis xelmZRvanels unda moumzados savaraudo
SekiTxvebi da maTze pasuxebi, romlebic
Jurnalistma SeiZleba dasvas.

presmoxele da media
informaciis, movlenis Tu sxva saxis niuansis gavrcelebisas, umTavresi principia Tanas-

woroba. marTalia, presmoxeles unda gaaCndes yvela sainformacio saSualebis ofici-
aluri rekvizitebi (ix. sainformacio saSualebaTa koordinatebi), magram mediasTan misi
urTierToba mxolod amiT ar unda Semoifarglos. presmoxele Tavis ZiriTad saqmianobas
mainc piradi kontaqtebis safuZvelze warmarTavs.
rac ar unda kargi urTierToba gqondeT JurnalistTan, is yovelTvis Tavis profesiul

movaleobas asrulebs da amdenad misTvis mTavari informaciis mopovebaa. amitom nu Se-
ecdebiT, Tundac megobrul saubarSi, masTan iseTi ram TqvaT, risi wakiTxvac presis
furclebze ar gindaT. Tumca, Tu Jurnalisti iniciativas mainc gamoiCens da aRniSnuli
TemiT Tavad dainteresdeba, bunebrivia, Tqven pirSi wyali ar unda CaiguboT. mondomebuli
Jurnalisti mainc SesZlebs misTvis saintereso sakiTxze informaciis mopovebas sxva
wyaroebidan, amitom umjobesia, Tqvenve gqondeT sakuTari versia.
JurnalistebisTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs karg pirad urTierTobebs Tqvensave

SefTan. Tumca, Tqveni Sefis familaruli urTierToba mediasTan umjobesia, garkveul-
wilad distancirebuli mainc iyos, raTa Jurnalisti mTlad ise laRadac ver grZnobdes
Tqvens ofisSi Tavs, rogorc sakuTari saxlis samzareuloSi.
rac ar unda miukerZoebeli da distanciuri iyos Jurnalisti, komunikabeluri da uSualo

Sefi misi keTilganwyobis mopovebasac ki SesZlebs, rac bunebrivia, gaSuqebis xarisxze
aisaxeba. amitom ecadeT dagegmoT iseTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic oficialuri Sexvedrebis
garda, araformaluri Sexvedrebis eqspromtad organizebis saSualebasac iZleva.
40
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
iseve rogorc yvelas, maT Soris Tqvenc, arc Jurnalists
uyvars Tavisi Secdomebis aRiareba, amitomac zedmetad taq-
tiani iyaviT maSin, roca misTvis raimes Sesworebas cdi-
lobT. Secdomis gamosworeba post faqtumac SeiZleba, mag-
ram gamousworebel Secdomad JurnalistTan urTierTobis
gafuWeba SeiZleba geqceT. nu damoZRvravT Jurnalists di-
daqtikuri toniT, SeecadeT megobrul saubarSi ise uTxraT
mas Tqveni saTqmeli, rom man srulebiTac ver igrZnos Tavi
arakompetenturad. Tu TvliT, rom Jurnalists Txovnac
ki ar siamovnebs ama Tu im mesijis gavrcelebis Taobaze, sa-
ubris dros, sxvaTa Soris, ambad axseneT TqvenTvis sainte-
reso sakiTxi da SesaZloa, man Tavad gTxovoT aRniSnul
Temaze informaciis mopovebaSi daxmareba.

preskonferencia, brifingi,
interviu
preskonferencia. preskonferenciebis formas ZiriTadad axali ambebis gacxadebis

mizniT mimarTaven, an maSin, roca Jurnalistebis interesi calkeuli sakiTxebis mimarT
imdenad didia, rom oficialuri pirebi cal-calke interviuebis micemas, erTi preskon-
ferenciis mowyobas amjobineben. preskonferenciis Catarebis mizanSewonilobas pres-
samsaxurebs Tavad situacia karnaxobs.
preskonferenciis daniSnuleba, erTis mxriv, Jurnalistebis meSveobiT sajaro pirebi-

saTvis sazogadoebisaTvis aqtualur Temebze SekiTxvebis dasmaa; meores mxriv, mediaciis
es forma saSualebas aZlevs Tavad sajaro pirs, Tqvas Tavisi saTqmeli.
SearCieT aqtualuri Tema, raTa preskonferenciis Catareba naxevradcariel

darbazSi ar mogixdeT. Tavidanve gansazRvreT, ramdenad mizanSewonilia
preskonferenciis forma am Temis gasaSuqeblad;
SearCieT preskonferenciis subieqti, Tu vin miawvdis medias mTavar saTqmels da

gansazRvreT, saWiroa Tu ara sxva momijnave struqturebis warmomadgenelTa an
eqspertTa mowveva preskonferenciaze sasaubrod.
kargad SearCieT preskonferenciis Catarebis dRe, raTa is aqtualobiT sxva

uwyebaTa RonisZiebebma ar gadafaron. mniSvnelovania, zustad gansazRvroT
preskonferenciis Catarebis Sesaferisi dro. gaSuqebis TvalsazrisiT, umjobesia,
preskonferenciis Catareba dilis satelevizio sainformacio gadacemebis
gasvlamde, an saRamos sainformacio programebamde mainc moxerxdes. Tu Tqven
42
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
preskonferenciaze sxva uwyebis an piris gamowvevas
gegmavT, bunebrivia, Jurnalistebi, balansis dacvis
mizniT, meore mxaresac mimarTaven da komentars
iTxoven. amitomac zedmiwevniT zustad unda
dagegmoT, Tqveni gancxadebis mizani da
mosalodneli Sedegi, anu savaraudo reaqcia Tqvens
gancxadebaze.
bunebrivia, preskonferenciis dagegmvisTanave

unda moamzadoT mediaanonsi da mxolod dagegmili
RonisZiebis wina dRiT gaavrceloT saagentoebiT.
Jurnalistebic gulmaviwyebi arian da SesaZloa,
erTi kviriT an Tundac ori dRiT adre gagzavnili
faqsi ise Semodon Taroze, rom preskonferenciis
dRes misi arseboba arc ki gaaxsendeT.
preskonferenciis dRes an wina dRiT piradad
telefoniT gadaafrTxileT yvela sainformacio
saSualeba, radgan bevrma mediaanonsi, SesaZloa,
arc ki waikiTxos.
SearCieT preskonferenciis Catarebis adgili. Tu

Tqveni uwyeba qalaqgareT mdebareobs, umjobesia,
preskonferencia iseT adgilas gamarToT, rom is
advilad misadgomi iyos JurnalistebisTvis. Tumca,
zog SemTxvevaSi uwyebis saxis warmosaCenad,
umjobesia, preskonferenciis Tqvensave ofisSi
gamarTva. aseT SemTxvevaSi, xSirad prescentrebi
Tavad zrunaven JurnalistTa transportirebaze.

moamzadeT mediarelizi, sainformacio paketi da Tu saWiroa sxva TvalsaCino
masala, fotosuraTebi, video masala da a.S. iseT SemTxvevaSi, roca windawin
cxadia, rom Jurnalistebs mwiri informacia aqvT preskonferenciis mTavari
Temis Sesaxeb, umjobesia mediarelizi da sainformacio paketi winaswar
daugzavnoT sainformacio saSualebebs. praqtikaSi yofila SemTxvevebi
(es gansakuTrebiT ucxoel stumarTa vizitebis amsaxvel preskonferenciebs
exeba), roca arainformirebulobis gamo, SekiTxvebis nacvlad, preskonferenciaze
samarisebuli siCume dasadgurebula. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi stumrad myofma
lordTa palatis wevrma preskonferencia gamarTa. erTaderTi SekiTxva,
romelic Jurnalistebma mas dausves is iyo, Tu ra Temas Seexeboda misi
Sexvedra maRali rangis qarTvel moxelesTan. Jurnalistebma araferi
icodnen misi biografiisa da vizitis Sesaxeb. SekiTxvebis simwire iman
ganapiroba, rom preskonferenciis organizatorebma winaswar ar moamzades
mediarelizi da sainformacio paketi misi vizitis Sesaxeb. mediarelizisa da
sainformacio paketis gagzavnis garda, sasurvelia, Jurnalistebis
gafrTxilebisas, presmoxelem sityvieradac auxsnas Jurnalists, Tu ra
TvalsazrisiT aris mniSvnelovani es preskonferencia da Tu saWiroa, iseTi
detalebic gaandos, rac mediarelizSi ver moxvda, magram Jurnalists
daainteresebs da am gziT, misi mxridan SekiTxvis dasmis provocirebasac moaxdens.
Tu aucileblobas ar warmoadgens, Tavi moarideT JurnalistTa akreditaciis

formas, radgan akreditacia, mainc garkveul SezRudvas gulisxmobs, rac
JurnalistebTan urTierTobis saukeTeso forma ar unda iyos.
rac yvelaze mTavaria, saTanadod moamzadeT Tqveni Sefi preskonferenciisTvis.

winaswar CamowereT savaraudo SekiTxvebi, romlebic, SesaZloa, Jurnalistebma
mTavari Temis garda an mis irgvliv Tqvens xelmZRvanels dausvan. uwyebis
xelmZRvanelTan erTad SeimuSaveT savaraudo SekiTxvebze savaraudo pasuxebi.
44
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
preskonferenciaze damswreTa aRnusxvis mizniT,
moamzadeT specialuri furceli, romelSic
Jurnalistis saxeli, gvari da sakontaqto
informacia iqneba miTiTebuli. aRricva
dagexmarebaT, preskonferenciis Semdeg damatebiTi
informaciis miwodebis an sxva mizniT daukavSirdeT
konkretul Jurnalists.
preskonferencias, rogorc wesi, presmoxele

uZRveba, romelic waradgens preskonferenciis
Temas da pirs, vinc isaubrebs preskonferenciaze.
SesaZloa, uwyebis xelmZRvaneli droSi
SezRudulia. aseT SemTxvevaSi, winaswar
gansazRvreT da dasawyisSive miuTiTeT is dro,
romelic, erTis mxriv, Tqvens xelmZRvanels aqvs
sasaubrod, meore mxriv ki, _ Jurnalistebs
SekiTxvebis dasasmelad. sTxoveT Jurnalistebs,
waradginon sakuTari Tavi da daasaxelon is
sainformacio saSualeba, romelsac warmoadgenen.
aris SemTxvevebi, roca Jurnalistebi sxvadasxva
uwyebriv sainformacio saSualebas warmoadgenen da
maT mier dasmuli SekiTxvac uwyebrivi interesiT
aris nakarnaxevi. masobrivi informaciis saSualebis
dasaxelebas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs aseT
SemTxvevaSi, raTa gamoaSkaravdes is interesi,
zogjer interesTa konfliqtic ki, romelic
konkretul Jurnalists amoZravebs.

daavaleT pressamsaxuris TanamSromels, gaakeTos preskonferenciis
stenogramuli Canaweri, romelsac Semdgom daarqivebT an im Jurnalistebs
gaacnobT, romlebmac mouclelobis gamo preskonferenciaze daswreba ver
moaxerxes, xolo masalis mosamzadeblad mxolod presrelizi ar akmayofilebT.
preskonferenciis Semdeg presrelizSi damatebiT is sakiTxebi SeitaneT,

romlebic preskonferenciis msvlelobisas damatebiTi SekiTxvebis Sedegad
warmoiSva da TvliT, rom maTi tiraJireba aqtualuria. moaTavseT presrelizi
veb-gverdze da damatebiT gadaagzavneT sainformacio saagentoebSi.
urCieT Tqvens Sefs, rac SeiZleba uSualo iyos JurnalistebTan. familaruli

mimarTvis forma (magaliTad, “veTanxmebi ninos, roca ambobs, rom”...) yvelaze
miukerZoebel Jurnalistebsac ki saimovnebT da SesaZloa, maT im mwvave SekiTxvis
dasmis survili daukargoT, romelic winaswar hqondaT momzadebuli.
brifingi. Tu preskonferencias aramarto axali ambis gaxmaurebis, aramed mimdinare

aqtualur sakiTxze mosazrebis gamoTqmis mizniT mimarTaven, brifingi ufro konkretul
sakiTxs eZRvneba da ama Tu im sakiTxze sazogadoebis informirebulobas isaxavs miznad.
brifingi droSi ufro SezRuduli da gacilebiT operatiulia, vidre igive preskonfe-
rencia. brifingis formas ufro maSin mimarTaven, roca informaciis gavrceleba, an mim-
dinare sakiTxis irgvliv poziciis dafiqsireba gadaudebel aucileblobas warmoadgens.
brifingze gancxadeba SesaZloa, gaakeTos, rogorc uSualod uwyebis xelmZRvanelma, aseve
Tavad presmoxelemac.
interviu. am SemTxvevaSi yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT intervius ramodenime saxeobaze.

esenia:
46
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
komentari;
interviu dialogi;
interviu monologi;
diskusia;
portretuli interviu.
komentari. komentaris, gansakuTrebiT satelevizios gake-

Tebisas, yvelaze mniSvnelovani kompenentia lakonuroba,
anu erT-or mokle frazaSi mesijis Camoyalibebis unari.
gaiTvaliswineT masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa speci-
fika: saeTero droisa da sagazeTo farTis deficiti. imis
nacvlad, rom Jurnalists miandoT Tqveni saubris “daCexva”,
anu minimumamde dayvana, rasac is, bunebrivia, sakuTari Sexe-
dulebisamebr gaakeTebs, umjobesia, Tavad iyoT lakonuri
da Tqvenve, ase vTqvaT, “daamontaJoT” Tqveni saTqmeli ise,
rom Jurnalists Sesamcirebeli faqtiurad araferi darCes.
Tu Tqveni komentari vrceli iqneba, SesaZloa, Jurnalistma
swored is mesiji amogiWraT, romlis sazogadoebamde mita-
nas Tqven miznad isaxavdiT.
lakonurobaze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, sazogadoebisTvis

gasageb, popularul enaze saubari, rac mxolod dageg-
mviTa da mecadineobiT ar miiRweva, amaSi gadamwyvet rols
respondentis niWic TamaSobs. am unarCvevis gamomuSavebis
aucileblobas qvemoT ganvixilavT. amTaviTve vityviT mxo-
lod erTs, rom es unari Tqveni uwyebis xelmZRvanels in-
tervius nebismieri saxeobisas da saerTod, sajaro gamosv-
lebis dros moeTxoveba.

interviu dialogi. interviu dialogis forma, saxelwodebidan gamomdinare, bunebri-
via, ori an ramodenime subieqtis saubars gulisxmobs. dialogis warmatebulad warmarTva
orTave subieqtis _ interviuerisa da respondentis momzadebaze da profesionalizmzea
damokidebuli. Tu Jurnalisti momzadebulia da kargad erkveva sakiTxSi, masTan saubarSi
Tavs advilad ver daiZvrenT da iolad fons ver gaxvalT. amitomac aseT SemTxvevebSi,
windawin saTanadod SeafaseT Jurnalistis profesiuli potenciali da saTanadod mo-
emzadeT interviusaTvis.
presmoxele iseve kargad unda icnobdes TiToeuli Jurnalistis profesiul Cvevebs,

kiTxvebis dasmis teqnologias, pirad ganwyobas, rogorc sakuTari Sefis yoveldRiur
samuSao grafiks. is aseve kargad unda icnobdes informaciis im oficialur Tu anonimur
wyaroebs (amgvar detalebze, SesaZloa, naklebad iyos informirebuli sazogadoeba, magram
presmoxelisTvis aseTi wyaroebi advilad unda iSifrebodes), romlebsac konkretuli
Jurnalisti Tavis sagazeTo publikaciebSi ZiriTadad eyrdnoba. aqedan gamomdinare, Tqven
SegiZliaT winaswar gansazRvroT, Tu ra tipis SekiTxvebi SeiZleba dagisvaT Jurnalistma
da ra mimarTulebidan unda elodeT kontrSekiTxvebs.
Tu Jurnalists ar endobiT, an misgan raime provokacias eliT, SegiZliaT intervius

SekiTxvebi winaswar werilobiT moiTxovoT da zog SemTxvevaSi, pasuxebic werilobiT
gasceT. Tumca, gacilebiT cocxali interviu dilogis Sedegad miiRweva.
Tu Jurnalisti susti interviueria, es momenti SegiZliaT Tqvens sasargebloT

gamoiyenoT da SekiTxvebze pasuxebi im mimarTulebiT waiyvanoT, saiTac Tqven mogesur-
vebaT. garda SekiTxvebze pasuxebisa, am dros SegiZliaT is informaciac, an mesijic Caug-
doT Jurnalists, romlis tiraJireba Tqvensave interesSia. aseT SemTxvevebSi intervius
Jurnalisti ki ar marTavs, rogorc es wesia, aramed _ Tavad respondenti. interviu xSirad
monologis saxes im ubralo mizezis gamo iRebs, rom Jurnalists SesakiTxi ubralod ara-
feri aqvs da is diqtafonis funqcias asrulebs. Tumca, interviusTvis sasurveli mimar-
Tulebis micema respondents maSinac SeuZlia, roca Jurnalisti profesionalia da kontr-
48
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
SekiTxvebis dasmis teqnologiasac flobs. respondents
SeuZlia iseT Temaze Camoagdos saubari, rom Jurnalistis
interesi mis mier wamoWrili Temisken mimarTos.
interviu monologi. interviu monologs mxolod res-

pondenti warmarTavs Jurnalistis mier dasmuli erTi konk-
retuli sakiTxis irgvliv. interviu monologi komentars
waagavs, Tumca, komentarisgan gansxvavebiT, is ufro vrce-
lia. imis gamo, rom monologis forma gamoricxavs Jurna-
listis aqtiur Carevas procesSi, nu CaTvliT, rom Tavi qud-
Si gaqvT da rasac mogesurvebaT, imas ilaparakebT. Tqveni
mTavari mizani xom is aris, rom mkiTvelma waikiTxos, xolo
mayurebelma moisminos is, razec Tqven saubrobT. aqedan
gamomdinare, gaTvaleT Tqveni monologi mkiTxvelsa da
mayurebelze da iseT Temaze da iseTi formiT isaubreT, rom
sazogadoebis interesis mipyroba SesZloT. problemebisT-
vis gverdis avla gamosavali ar aris. piriqiT, Tavad SeiTav-
seT Jurnalistis funqcia da saubarSi kiTxvis, an kontrar-
gumentis saxiT wamoWeriT is sakiTxebi, romelic Tqvens saT-
qmels ukavSirdeba da sazogadoebaSi musirebs. aseT sakiT-
xebze Tavis arideba aradamajerebels da uinteresos gaxdis
Tvens monologs.
interviu diskusia. diskusia Tavidanve gulisxmobs, rom

respondenti polemikis xelovnebas kargad unda flobdes.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Tqveni xelmZRvaneli SesaZloa, kargi
oratori iyos, magram diskusiaSi Sesvla naklebad exerxe-
bodes. amisaTvis mas yvelaferTan erTad mosmenis unaric unda

gaaCndes da sadiskusio sakiTxze logikuri argumentaciis Camoyalibebis unaric. rogorc
wesi, diskusiaSi ramodenime subieqti monawileobs. amdenad winaswar gansazRvreT mopirispire
mxaris potenciali, dialogis warmarTvis unari da is argumentebi, romlebzec isini
ZiriTadad apelireben. polemika SesaZloa, Tavad Jurnalistma warmarTos da isic, bunebrivia,
Tqveni mosazrebebis sapirispiro kontrargumentebis Camoyalibebas Seecdeba da apelirebas
sazogadoebriv azrsa da sxva sajaro pirTa mosazrebebze moaxdens, razec Tqven winaswar
mzad unda iyoT. ramdenadac diskusia erTgvar SejibrebiTobis princips efuZneba, masSi
monawile yoveli mxare Tu meores damarcxebas ara, am Sejibridan gamarjvebuli gamosvlas
mainc isaxavs miznad. SeecadeT, Tqvens winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli yoveli kontrargumenti
Tqvensave oponents SeubrunoT da Tqvensave interesebSi gamoiyenoT.
portretuli interviu. portretuli, anu ase vTqvaT, uhalstuxo interviu Tqveni

Sefis araoficialur rakursSi warmoCenas isaxavs miznad. aseTi interviu specifikidan
gamomdinare ufro uSualoa. Jurnalisti am dros yovelTvis Seecdeba yvelaze gulCaT-
xrobili respondentic ki “gaxsnas” da rac SeiZleba meti aTqmevinos Tavis pirad cxovre-
baze. amitomac SeecadeT iyoT uSualo, rac, cxadia, srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom sul
gadauSaloT guli interviuers da TqvenTvis ar daitovoT raRac iseTi, risi gamxelac
sajarod ar gsurT. amave dros, Tu sajaro pirTan gvaqvs saqme, Jurnalists aqvs ufleba
gkiTxoT iseTi ram Tqveni piradi cxovrebidan, razec saubari Tqven ar gsurT. aseT Sem-
TxvevaSi Tqven ubralod SegiZliaT ganacxadoT (es Tqveni arCevania), rom komentars ar
gaakeTebT am sakiTxze, rasac Jurnalisti, bunebrivia, Tavis masalaSi uTuod aRniSnavs.
Tumca, Tu SekiTxva iseT sakiTxs Seexeba, romelic sazogadoebaSi miTqma-moTqmis, an Wo-
rebis sagania, umjobesia, sicxadis Setanis mizniT, Tavad dausvaT wertili aseT Worebs
da gqondeT aseTi SemTxvevebisTvis Tqveni damajerebeli versia.
portretuli interviu, ase vTqvaT, oficialuri piris “adamianuri saxis” Cvenebas isaxavs
miznad. amitomac Tqveni Sefis imijisaTvis amgvari intervius organizeba urigo ar unda
iyos, radgan aseTi tipis interviuebma yvelaze negatiuri prototipebis mimarTac ki SesaZ-
loa kargad ganawyos mayurebeli Tu mkiTxveli.
50
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
intervius ena da teqnologia. rac ufro martivi, gasa-
gebi da uSualo iqneba respondentis ena, miT metad SesZlebs
respondenti msmenelisa da mkiTxvelis mozidvas. marTalia,
intervius dros verbalurad Tqven Jurnalistis pirispir
zixarT, magram CaTvaleT, rom Tqven esaubrebiT 50 aTasiani
gazeTis mkiTxvelsa da 100 aTasiani televiziis mayurebelsa
Tu radios msmenels. aqedan gamomdinare, isubreT ara Tqveni
xelqveiTisTvis, an Tundac JurnalistisTvis gasagebad, ara-
med popularul enaze. Tu msmenelsa da mkiTxvels Tqveni
ena esmis, es imis garantiac iqneba, rom momavalSi esa Tu is
sainformacio saSualeba isev Tqven mogmarTavT intervi-
usTvis, rogorc sasurvel respondents. amisaTvis ki sa-
Wiroa:
intervius dros daiviwyoT yovelgvari rTuli

terminologia, raTa Tqveni mosmenis nacvalad
msmeneli sajaro biblioTekaSi ar gavardes, ucxo
sityvaTa leqsikonis Sesaswavlad;
SeecadeT Tqveni ZiriTadi mesiji saubris
dasawyisSive mkafiod CamoayaliboT.
nu gadatvirTavT msmenels statistikuri
monacemebiT, radgan iSviaTi SemTxvevebis garda,
cifrebi arafris mTqmelia, gansakuTrebiT
msmenelisaTvis. statistikiT cxovrebiseul
miRwevaTa gazomva maTematikuri niWiT
dajildovebul mayurebelsac ki gauWirdeba;
mokled CamoayalibeT da ambad moyeviT Tqveni
saTqmeli;
moerideT Jargonebs. satelevizio intervius dros
ecadeT ar dauSvaT uxeSi gramatikuli Secdomebi;

nu gadaitanT aqcents iseT wvrilmanebze, romelTa mniSvnelobas mxolod Tqven
afasebT da msmenelisa da mkiTxvelisaTvis arafris mTqmelia. Tu sakiTxis arsSi
gasarkvevad aucilebelia winaistoriis moyola, esec metismetad lakonurad
CamoayalibeT, raTa ar gadatvirToT msmeneli Tu mkiTxveli;
Tu kanonis romelime muxlze apelirebas apirebT, kanonis zedmiwevniT
skurpulozurad citirebis nacvlad, popularul enaze, magaliTebis
moSveliebiT (gnebavT, mixos da maros magaliTze) axseniT es kanoni;
iumoris grZnoba respondentis (ara mxolod respondentis) erT-erTi yvelaze
didi plusia. sajaro pirebs xSirad uyvarT anekdotebis moSvelieba, Tumca,
yuriT moTreuli anekdoti, Tanac Tu es Tqven stilSi ar jdeba, xelovnur
elfers miscems Tqvens saubars. SesZeliT iumoriT SexedoT sakuTar Tavsac,
Tu amis aucileblobas igive Tqvens mimarT dasmuli SekiTxva gkarnaxobT;
satelevizio intervius micemisas, pirdapir uyureT kameras, warmoidgineT, rom
Tqven xalxs mimarTavT da mas esaubrebiT.
52
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
mediaanonsi, mediarelizi,
sainformacio paketi
mediaanonsi. pirveli, rac ama Tu im RonisZiebis dagegmvisTanave unda gaakeToT, es

mediaanonsis momzadebaa. mediaanonsi Seicavs Setyobinebas mosalodneli RonisZiebis Se-
saxeb. is, pirvel rigSi, sainformacio saagentoebs unda gadaugzavnoT, romlebic, Tavis
mxriv, sxva sainformacio saSualebebSi gaavrceleben Tqvens Setyobinebas. ramdenadac
mediaanonsi arCevanis saSualebas aZlevs Jurnalists _ gadawyvitos daeswreba Tu ara
Tqvens RonisZiebas, anu daainteresebs Tu ara es mis mkiTxvels, es Setyobineba ise unda
daweroT, rom Jurnalistebis daintereseba da mozidva SesZloT.
mediaanonsis, iseve rogorcmedia relizis daweris mTeli sirTule mis simartiveSia. Tu

gavixsenebT paskalis cnobil sityvebs _ dro ar mqonda, mokle werili damewerao, _ SeiZ-
leba iTqvas, rom mokle da zusti formulirebebis gakeTeba gacilebiT rTulia, vidre
vrceli statiis wera. mediaanonsica da mediarelizic, sagazeTo statiis msgavsad, Cve-
ulebriv gadabrunebuli piramidis princips efuZneba da pasuxs scems SekiTxvebze:
vin?
ra?
sad?
rodis?
ratom?
rogor?

mediaanonsis nimuSi
organizaciis qudi
(dasaxeleba, rekvizitebi)
TariRi (moaTavseT zemoT) sakontaqto piri

(im pirovnebis saxeli da
gvari, visac SeiZleba damatebiTi
SekiTxvebiT mimarTon)
sakontaqto telefonis nomeri
saqarTvelom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebaze ganacxadi gaakeTa
ra? preskonferencia eZRvneba saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier

evrokavSirSi gawevrianebaze ganacxadis Setanas.
vin? evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos samTavrobo delegaciis

xelmZRvaneli, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgile
sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebis sakiTxebSi T.b.
rodis? TariRi... saaTi
sad? preskonferenciis adgili da misamarTi
ratom? saqarTvelos ekonomikuri done gautoldeba

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis ekonomikur dones.
54
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
mediarelizi. Tu media anonsi JurnalistTa yuradRebis
mosazidad aris gamiznuli da srul informacias mosalod-
neli RonisZiebis Sesaxeb ar Seicavs, mediarelizis daniS-
nuleba ufro informirebulobaa da aqedan gamomdinare, is
zustad da detalurad unda aRwerdes movlenas. media re-
lizi or ZiriTad moTxovnas unda pasuxobdes:
1. informirebuloba.
2. sainteresod unda iyos gadmocemuli informacia.
zogierT qveynebSi mediarelizs dagegmil RonisZiebamde

avrceleben. Tumca, CvenSi metad aprobirebulia mediareli-
zis uSualod preskonferenciaze an sxva RonisZiebaze dari-
gebis an RonisZiebis Semdeg misi gavrcelebis praqtika. rad-
ganac Tu Jurnalists winaswar eqneba amomwuravi informa-
cia Tqveni RonisZiebis Sesaxeb, man SesaZloa, RonisZiebaze
daswrebiT Tavi ar Seiwuxos. Tumca, aq Tavs iCens meore pro-
blema: zogjer Jurnalistebi imdenad arainformirebuli
arian gasaSuqebeli Temis Sesaxeb, rom umjobesia maT winas-
war miawodoT werilobiTi informacia mediarelizisa da
sainformacio paketis saxiT. werilobiTi saxiT informaciis
darigeba exmareba Jurnalists, masalis werisas, kidev erT-
xel gadaamowmos is faqtobrivi monacemebi, romlebzec
preskonferenciaze iyo saubari da SesaZloa, mas mxedvelo-
bidan gamorCa. post faqtum presrelizis gavrceleba saWi-
roa im masobrivi informaciis saSualebebisTvis, romleb-
mac, marTalia, ver moaxerxes aRniSnul RonisZiebaze dasw-
reba, magram sWirdebaT informacia aRniSnuli RonisZiebis
Sesaxeb. preskonferenciis Semdeg media relizSi SegiZli-
aT, is damatebiTi informaciac SeitanoT, romelmac pres-

konferenciaze gaiJRera da rac Tqveni azriT mniSvnelovania.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, informaciis msgavsad mediarelizic gadabrunebuli piramidis

principiT iwereba da pirvelive abzacSi pasuxobs kiTxvebs: vin? ra? rodis? sad? ratom?
da rogor? Jurnalistisgan gansxvavebiT, mediarelizis dawerisas, presmoxele garkve-
ulwilad SezRudulia: is mxolod mSral informacias iZleva, sagazeTo enisgan gansxva-
vebiT, romelic Jargonebsac ki itans, mediarelizis ena ufro oficialuria. Tumca, es
srulebiTac ar niSnavs, rom mediarelizi iseTi mZime eniT unda daweroT, rom Tqveni
dawerilis gadakiTxvis survili araTu Jurnalists, Tavadve gagiqreT. mSrali informa-
ciis dawerac ki SesaZlebelia martivi, gasagebi eniT. maincdamainc nu mietanebiT rTul,
mxolod Tqveni uwyebis xelmZRvanelisTvis gasageb terminologias, „gaadaminureT“ ofi-
cialuri statistika imdenad, rom cifrebSic ki ambavi ikiTxebodes.
pirveli abzacis Semdeg, romelic ZiriTad ambavs gadmoscems, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi,

SegiZliaT, moiSvelioT citata, raTa mediarelizi ufro cocxali gaxdes. Tumca, sagazeTo
statiisgan gansxvavebiT, zedmeti citireba Tqvens nawers namdvilad gadatvirTavs, ami-
tomac aqac SeinarCuneT zomierebis grZnoba.
zogierTi sainformacio saSualeba mediarelizs pirdapir aqveynebs xolme, amitomac

Tqvens mier momzadebuli relizis publikacia imazec aris damokidebuli, Tu ramdenad
gasagebad ityviT Tqvens saTqmels. xazgasmiT aRniSneT, ra siaxlesTan gvaqvs saqme da
ratom aris es informacia mniSvnelovani.
pirveli abzaci informaciuli TvalsazrisiT yvelaze mniSvnelovania, bolo abzacebSi

ki informaciis mniSvneloba gradacias ganicdis.
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GHTCVTLBFNJHB
media relizis nimuSi
organizaciis qudi
(dasaxeleba, rekvizitebi)
TariRi (moaTavseT zemoT) sakontaqto piri

(im pirovnebis saxeli da gvari, visac
SeiZleba damatebiTi SekiTxvebiT mimarTon)
sakontaqto telefonis nomeri
(saTauri, romelic ajamebs informacias moaTavseT zemoT)
saqarTvelom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebaze ganacxadi gaakeTeba
pirvel abzacSi media relizi pasuxs scems SekiTxvebs:

vin? ra? rodis? sad? ratom? rogor?
magaliTad:
20 oqtombers (rodis?), briuselSi (sad?) evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos samTavrobo delegaciis
xelmZRvanelma, sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilem sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebis
sakiTxebSi T.b-m (vin?), saqarTvelos mTavrobis saxeliT (rogor?), evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos
gawevrianebaze oficialuri ganacxadi Seitana (ra?). evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba saqarTvelos
ekonomikis dones mniSvnelovnad aamaRlebs (ratom?).
meore abzacSi ufro detalurad aRwereT movlena da ganmarteT is, Tu, rogor aisaxeba ev-
rokavSiris wevroba saqarTvelos ekonomikaze. amis sailustraciod SegiZliaT moaxdinoT
avtoritetuli eqspertis citireba.
mesame abzacSi miuTiTeT, Tu ra RonisZiebebi uZRoda win oficialuri ganacxadis Setanas da

ra dones miaRwia saqarTvelos ekonomikam (SegiZliaT, moiSvelioT statistika) evrokavSirSi
gawevrianebamde.
sainformacio paketi. sainformacio paketi ufro detalizebulia da gacilebiT met
informacias moicavs. aq SeiZleba aisaxos, rogorc sakiTxis winaistoria, aseve aRniSnul
sakiTxze sxva qveynebis gamocdileba, detaluri statistika, samomavlo strategia. sain-
formacio paketSi SeiZleba CadoT foto masalac, sagazeTo publikaciebis qsero aslebi,
im piris biografiuli cnobebi, vinc atarebs preskonferencias, cxadia, im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu es biografia JurnalistebisTvis raimes mTqmelia...
rogorc wesi, sainformacio paketiT ufro pedanti Jurnalistebi interesdebian. Tumca,

sainformacio paketis gamoyeneba imazec aris damokidebuli, Tu vin rogor rakursSi
aSuqebs movlenas.
magaliTad, politikurma mimomxilvelma evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos gawevrianeba, Se-

saZloa, politikur rakursSi gaaSuqos da am movlenis politikur aspeqtebze gaamax-
vilos yuradReba. xolo ekonomikuri mimomxilveli ufro im ekonomikuri perspeqti-
vebiT dainteresdeba, rasac evrokavSiris wevroba saqarTvelos uqadis da rac TiTo-
euli moqalaqis cxovrebis doneze aisaxeba. amdenad am Temaze momzadebulma sain-
formacio paketma, Tavisi statistikiTa da sxva qveynebis magaliTebiT, SesaZloa, ufro
ekonomikuri mimomxilvelebi daainteresos.
58
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
sainformacio saSualebis
koordinatebi
televiziebi:
dasaxeleba telefoni faqsi el-fosta misamarTi veb-misamarTi sakontaqto

piri
evrika 95 96 70 94 20 29 380064 Tbilisi

94 20 29 winamZRZvriSvilis q. 95
iberia tv 96 96 20 380064 Tbilisi

CubinaSvilis q 41
kavkasia 92 02 16 380008
99 83 37 Tbilisi
99 94 42 kostavas q.14
mecxre arxi 79 02 00 79 02 00 gitvstud@caucasus.net Tbilisi

77 86 86 samasi aragvelis q. 1
pirveli stereo 33 34 22
33 47 41 tv@stereol.ge 380093 Tbilisi www.stereol.ge
aleqsiZis q.1
II sarTuli
rusTavi 2 20 11 11 tv@rustavi2.com 380077 Tbilisi www.rustavi2.com

vaJa-fSavelas
gamz. 45, XVII sarTuli
saqarTvelos 33 45 85 z_shengelia 380071 Tbilisi

teleradio- 33 83 31 @access.sanet.ge kostavas q. 68 www.geotvr.ge
mauwyeblobis 92 38 00
saxelmwifo
departamenti
saqarTvelos xma 37 92 86 380122 Tbilisi

38 04 13 Jiuli Sartavas q.7

regionaluri televiziebi
qalaqi kompania tel. faqsi el-fosta sakontaqto piri

misamarTi
baTumi aWaris tele-radio (88222) 7 43 70

depertamenti 74371/72/79
7 43 81
gori “me-9 arxi” (270) 2 42 59

Sindisis gzatke. 2
gori “TrialeTi” (270) 2 13 31

WavWavaZis q.#45
gori “qarTli” (270) 2 53 69 kartli@posta.ge

mSvidobis gamz.#1 2 28 52
zugdidi “odiSi” (215) 5 20 20 93 13 07 odishitv@yahoo.com

aRmaSeneblis q. 17 2 12 24
zugdidi „samegrelo“ (215) 5 07 00

rusTavelis #90 2 53 16
IV sarTuli
rusTavi “qvemo qarTlis (8-24) 15 01 00

tele-radio kompania” 15 44 00
megobrobis quCa 32 38 30 40
sastumro, I sarT.
quTaisi “quTaisi” (231) 5 62 11 kutaisitv@iberiapac.ge

niuportis #1 4 24 15 www:geocity.com/kutaisitv
4 01 21 grigoliqtv@hotmail.com
quTaisi “iverioni” (231) 4 63 61

puSkinis q. 16
60
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quTaisi “rioni” (231) 4 69 16
Tamar mefis 14 4 61 52
4 32 39
foTi “samauwyeblo (293) 2 41 14 television@gol.ge

kompania me-9 talRa”
foTi, rekvavas #22
radio

piri
iveria 99 99 96 380005 Tbilisi

(saqarTvelos 9871 14 erekle meoris
sapatriarqo) moedani 1
mwvane talRa 997169 997169 gwave@greenwave.ge@ 380077 Tbilisi

936274 vaJa-fSavelas
gamz. 45 VIII sarTuli
pirveli radio 335689 333422 380093 Tbilisi

333957 aleqsiZis q. 1
radio 105 2370 65 969260 380054 Tbilisi www.radio105.wanex.net

aglaZis q.39
rezonansi 942885 956938 380054 Tbilisi

956938 943696 aglaZis q.39
943696
saqarTvelos 379286 380122 Tbilisi

xma 380413 Jiuli Sartavas q.7
universi 250139 379592 universe@posta.ge 380071 Tbilisi www.universe.gtu.edu.ge

kostavasq.77
fortuna 331010 380059 Tbilisi

330707 marSal gelovanis gamz. 2
fortuna 331010 380059 Tbilisi

plusi 330207 marSal gelovanis gamz. 2

axali ambebis saagentoebi

piri
asoSeited 995365 sophiko@mailcity.com 380008 Tbilisi

presi 983997 rusTavelis gamz.42
bleq si presi 931302

931749 bspress@access.sanet.ge
gea 250306 gea@ti.net.ge 380062 Tbilisi www.ti.net.ge/gea

sainformacio 250307 faliaSvilis q. 87
analitikuri
biuro
ifrinda 990377 iprinda@global-erti.ty.net 380007 Tbilisi

sainformacio 987365 S.dadianis q.16
saagento
kavkaz-presi 983581 avtandil@caucasus.net 380008 Tbilisi www.caucasus.net

axali ambebis 985357 rusTavelis gamz.42
saagento
kontaqti 330479 380071 Tbilisi

sainformacio 221845 kostavas q.68
saagento
praim-niusi 923212 pna@pna.com.ge 380008 Tbilisi www.primenewsonline.com

axali ambebis 923202 quTaTelaZis Sesaxv.5
saagento
presklubi 222/746 26 batumipress@gol.ge 384500 baTumi www.batumipress.gol.ge

baTumi axmed melaSvilis q. 3
roiteri 999370 reuters@caucasus.net 380008 Tbilisi www.reuters.com

saerTaSoriso 999370 rusTavelis gamz.42
sainformacio
saagento
saqinformi 931920 sakinform@caucasus.net 380008 Tbilisi www.sakinform.ge

sainformacio- 932354 rusTavelis gamz.42
sagamomcemlo 995530
korporacia
62
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gazeTebi

piri
alia 940133 941113 alia@gol.ge Tbilisi

941311 uznaZis q.14
940541
axali epoqa
axali 996232 996232 versia2001@hotmail.com Tbilisi www.open.ge/axali_versia

versia aglaZis q.39
axali
Taoba 952589 952589 Tbilisi www.opentext.ge/akhalitaoba
daviT aRmaSeneblis
gamz.89/24
dilis gazeTi 969188 969181 dilgazet@access.sanet.ge 380002 Tbilisi

marjaniSvilis q. 5
IV sarTuli
eqo 933037 Tbilisi

qiqoZis q.8
kviris 333954 987444 palitra@access.sanet.ge Tbilisi www.opentext.ge/kvirispalitra

palitra 335032 akuris q. 8
rezonansi 943696 942885

956952
956938
24 saaTi 202424 202425 public@24hours.ge Tbilisi www.24hours.ge

200024 vaJa-fSavelas 45
me-14 sarT.
saqarTvelos 997324 Press-98@caucasus.net 380008 Tbilisi

respublika kostavas q.14

qronika 940541 chronika@gol.ge Tbilisi
940334 uznaZis q.14
xvalindeli 433090 Tbilisi

dRe 433091 aglaZis q.39
433092
433093
Georgia Today 227196 Geotoday@gol.ge 380079 Tbilisi

227197 giorgi wereTlis q.1
Georgian Times 996097 931025 geotimes@geotaimes.ge Tbilisi www.geotimes.ge

gorgasalis q. 37
regionaluri gazeTebi
qalaqi kompania tel. qalaqi kompania tel.

misamarTi misamarTi
quTaisi `anarekli~ (231) 5 46 06 foTi ~foTis moambe“ (293) 2 23 34

roZeviCis 2/4 rusTavelis 24
quTaisi “axali gazeTi” (231) 4 47 26 rusTavi “rusTavi dRes~ (24) 15 65 05

rusTavelis gamz. 1 garejis 14
quTaisi “quTaisi” (231) 4 44 44 lanCxuTi “lanCxuTi Plus” (210) 31 07

rusTavelis gamz. 37a TabukaSvilis 105
quTaisi “P.S.” (231) 4 45 46 Coxatauri “guria News” (99) 54 80 99

rusTavelis gamz. 37a dumbaZis 25
foTi “foTi” (293) 2 29 62 zugdidi “axali zugdidi” (215) 2 49 79

26 maisis 7 aRmaSeneblis 35
64
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pressamsaxurebis koordinatebi

piri
saqarTvelos 990000 996832 tvstudio@parliament.ge 380018 Tbilisi www.parliament.ge

parlamentis rusTavelis gamz. 8
pressamsaxuri
saqarTvelos
prezidentis
pressamsaxuri 999653 999200 office@presidpress.gov.ge 380034 Tbilisi www.presidpress.gov.ge
ingoroyvas q.7
saqarTvelos 987010 987000 cec@access.sanet.ge 380008 Tbilisi www.cec.gov.ge

centraluri 987016 rusTavelis gamz. 29
saarCevno
komisia
prokuratura 982160 982170
Sss 99 80 50 98 71 46
uSiSroebis 92 23 16
saministro
uzenaesi 99 70 01 99 70 01
sasamarTlo
iusticiis 75 28 07
saministro
Tavdacvis 98 99 46
saministro
kulturis 99 63 77
saministro

ekonomikis, 98 91 34
mrewvelobisa
da vaWrobis
saministro
finansTa 23 50 13
saministro
sagareo saqmeTa 98 93 44
saministro
ganaTlebis 96 98 31
saministro
saxelmwifo 29 49 30
qonebis
marTvis
saministro
garemos dacvis 36 49 20
saministro 36 16 98
94 36 70
soflis 93 23 25
meurneobisa
da sursaTis
saministro
saTbob- 92 16 87
energetikis
saministro
jandacvis 38 78 51
saministro
66
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transportisa 93 67 29
da 99 89 80
komunikaciebis
saministro
Tbilisis 93 35 92
meria
Tbilisis 95 67 46
policiis 94 00 69
mTavari
sammarTvelo
sagzao
policiis
mTavari
sammarTvelo 94 25 99

68
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70
GHTCVTLBFNJHB
72
GHTCVTLBFNJHB

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pres mediatori

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika

presmoxelis samagido konstitucia 9

presmediacia sasamarTlo sistemaSi 27

presmoxele da uwyebis xelmZRvaneli 36

preskonferencia, brifingi, interviu 42

Tu adamians Tundac erTi dRe umuSavia am sferoSi, dainaxavda rom am

samarTleblirivi ganaTlebis asociacia ALPE-s da germaniis

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba, gamWvirvaloba da obieqturoba demokratiuli saxelmwi-

sazogadoeba, romelic informaciis Tavisuflebas cxovrebis aucilebel pirobad miiC-

informaciis Tavisufleba adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis safuZveli da Sesa-

abraam linkolnis sityvebi _ “mieciT xalxs SesaZlebloba, icodes faqtebi da qveyana

mravali saerTaSoriso konvenciiTa da deklaraciiT ganmtkicebuli Tavisuflebis am nor-

udidesi Secdomaa, rodesac esa Tu is saxelmwifo moxele informaciis Tavisuflebas,

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 7

demokratiuli saxelmwofos marTvisaTvis aucilebeli komunikaciuri urTierToba war-

xelisuflebis valdebuleba, mudmiv dialogSi imyofebodes Tavis moqalaqeebTan anu Zala-

am struqturaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili uwyebriv pressamsaxurebs an mediasTan

presmoxeles, romelsac yoveldRiurad uwevs mediasTan urTierToba da rogorc wesi,

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 9

”yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad miiRos

amave muxlSi pirdapir aris naTvamia, rom:

2. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufalia.

3. saxelmwifos an calkeul pirebs ara aqvT masobrivi informaciis

4. am muxlis pirvel da meore punqtSi CamoTvlil uflebaTa

presmoxele, romelsac sworad aqvs gaazrebuli informaciis Tavisuflebis sazogadoeb-

gaeros samoqalaqo da politikuri

1. yvelas aqvs ufleba hqondes sakuTari,

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 11

1. yvelas aqvs gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba. es ufleba moicavs adamianis

2. am TavisuflebaTa ganxorcieleba, imis gamo, rom igi moicavs

saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi

sazogadoebis moTxovnilebas gaxsnilobasa da sajaroobaze saqarTvelos zogadi adminis-

informaciis Tavisuflebis moTxovnebi vrceldeba yvela

administraciuli kodeqsi mkafiod ayalibebs sajaro in-

“sajaro informacia Riaa, garda kanoniT

Tumca, es muxli ise ar unda gavigoT, rom piradi, komerci-

kanonis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs sajaro informaciis moTxovnis

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 13

sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, uzrunvelyos sajaro informaciis aslis xelmisaw-

sajaro informaciis gacemisas, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, ixelmZRvanelos kodeq-

1. sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia gasces sajaro informacia dauyovnebliv

a) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebuli misi struqturuli qvedanayofidan

2. Tu sajaro informaciis gacemisaTvis saWiroa 10-dRiani vada, sajaro

1. sajaro dawesebulebis uari sajaro

gaiTvaliswineT is, rom kanoni nebismier moqalaqes, da ara

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 15

informaciis Tavisuflebis aqti gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeTa monawi-

saxelmwifo saidumlos sakiTxs “saxelmwifo saidumlos Sesaxeb” kanoni aregulirebs.

danaSaulad ar iTvleba iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca

pirma ar icoda da arc unda scodnoda,

masobrivi informaciis saSualebis mier

mediasTan urTierTobis praqtika 17

cnobilma sasamarTlo reportiorma lil deninstonma erT-erT sajaro leqciaze pirdapir

pressamsaxuris muSaobis efeqturobas, pirvel rigSi, gansazRvravs is, Tu ramdenad war-

pressamsaxurebs ZiriTadad ori mimarTulebiT uwevT muSaoba. esenia:

I _ mimdinare movlenebze dauyovneblivi reagireba;

I I _ grZelvadian strategiaze muSaoba.