INTRODUCTION TO

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISASTER

SCIO4 | LECTURE 1
 By the end of this discussion I will be able to:
• explain the term hazard
• define the two main categories (Natural and Man-made)
of hazards; and
• identify the impact of hazards common in their
environment.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
REVIEW

WHAT ARE NATURAL

PROCESSES?
REVIEW: NATURAL PROCESSES
• Plate Tectonics
• Atmospheric processes
• Biological accumulation
• Human activities
https://news.abs-
cbn.com/news/02/22/19/fire-
hits-bureau-of-customs-office-in-
manila
 At least 20 Tropical Cyclones per year
Three to five earthquakes a day
More than 20 active volcanoes all over
the country

How safe are you?

WHAT IS A DISASTER? WHAT IS A
HAZARD? WHAT IS THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO?
 DISASTER
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society involving widespread human, material, economic, or
environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability
of the affected community or society to cope using its own
resources.
 HAZARD
A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
TYPES OF HAZARDS
(Based on Cause)
Natural
Naturally-occurring physical
phenomena caused either by
rapid or slow onset events
Man-made
A hazard originating from
technological or industrial
conditions, including accidents,
dangerous procedures,
infrastructure failures, or specific
human activities.
 TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
(Based on Nature)

Biological Geological Hydrometeorological

Hazard Hazard Hazard
“bios” - life “geo” - earth “hydro” – water
“meteoros” – sky

(2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction)

TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD

Biological Hazard
process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed by
biological vectors/ agents, including exposure to pathogenic
microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances; includes
outbreaks of epidemic diseases, plant or animal contagion,
insect or other animal plagues and infestations.
https://www.statefoodsafety.com/Resources/article/category/Resources/article/training-tip-biological-hazards
https://news.abs-
cbn.com/news/02/21/19/d
oh-over-11000-measles-
cases-189-deaths-in-
philippines
WHAT TO DO?

https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/doh-8-white-alert-due-rise-measles-cases
SYMPTOMS
TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD
Geological Hazard
include internal earth processes, such as earthquakes,
volcanic activity and emissions, and related geophysical
processes such as mass movements, landslides,
rockslides, surface collapses, and debris or mudflows.
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/6691
49/death-toll-in-naga-cebu-landslide-climbs-to-
62/story/
http://www.journal.com.ph/news/provincial/cebu-
landslide-death-toll-climbs-53
TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARD

Hydrometeorological Hazard
process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic nature; include tropical cyclones (typhoons
and hurricanes), thunderstorms, tornados, coastal storm
surges, floods including flash floods, drought, heatwaves
and cold spells.
http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/03/agaton-january-3.html
CONCLUSION
Hazards can be anywhere; these could be naturally-
occurring or due to human activities.
Hazards and disasters are different from each other.
Impact of hazards can differ based on what is exposed
to the hazard and where.